The impact of glycaemic load on cognitive performance: A meta-analysis and guiding principles for future research
The effect of breakfast glycaemic load (GL) on cognition was systematically examined. Randomised and non-randomised controlled trials were identified using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (up to May 2022). 15 studies involving adults (aged 20 – 80 years) were included. Studies had a low risk, o...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews 2022-10, Vol.141, p.104824-104824, Article 104824 |
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| container_title | Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews |
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| creator | Gaylor, C.M. Benton, D. Brennan, A. Young, H.A. |
| description | The effect of breakfast glycaemic load (GL) on cognition was systematically examined. Randomised and non-randomised controlled trials were identified using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (up to May 2022). 15 studies involving adults (aged 20 – 80 years) were included. Studies had a low risk, or some concerns, of bias. A random-effects meta-analysis model revealed no effect of GL on cognition up to 119 min post-consumption. However, after 120 min, immediate episodic memory scores were better following a low-GL compared to a high-GL (SMD = 0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.00 to 0.32, p = 0.05, I2 = 5%). Subgroup analyses indicated that the benefit was greater in younger adults (120 min post-breakfast.•The effect of breakfast glycaemic load, in adults, was influenced by participants age and glucose tolerance.•A series of guiding principles were developed to guide study design. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104824 |
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•A lower breakfast glycaemic load benefitted episodic memory, in adults, >120 min post-breakfast.•The effect of breakfast glycaemic load, in adults, was influenced by participants age and glucose tolerance.•A series of guiding principles were developed to guide study design.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0149-7634</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-7528</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104824</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescents ; Adults ; Breakfast ; Children ; Cognitive performance ; Episodic memory ; Glycaemic load ; Meta-analysis</subject><ispartof>Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2022-10, Vol.141, p.104824-104824, Article 104824</ispartof><rights>2022 The Authors</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c327t-6cffb9bb685ad63b12b42f9e4706cd845c0bf1e70e420754232da3b7f5e26ca83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c327t-6cffb9bb685ad63b12b42f9e4706cd845c0bf1e70e420754232da3b7f5e26ca83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104824$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,782,786,3552,27931,27932,46002</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gaylor, C.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benton, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brennan, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, H.A.</creatorcontrib><title>The impact of glycaemic load on cognitive performance: A meta-analysis and guiding principles for future research</title><title>Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews</title><description>The effect of breakfast glycaemic load (GL) on cognition was systematically examined. Randomised and non-randomised controlled trials were identified using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (up to May 2022). 15 studies involving adults (aged 20 – 80 years) were included. Studies had a low risk, or some concerns, of bias. A random-effects meta-analysis model revealed no effect of GL on cognition up to 119 min post-consumption. However, after 120 min, immediate episodic memory scores were better following a low-GL compared to a high-GL (SMD = 0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.00 to 0.32, p = 0.05, I2 = 5%). Subgroup analyses indicated that the benefit was greater in younger adults (<35 years) and those with better GT. A qualitative synthesis of 16 studies involving children and adolescents (aged 5 – 17 years) suggested that a low-GL breakfast may also benefit episodic memory and attention after 120 min. Methodological practises were identified which could explain a failure to detect benefits in some studies. Consequently, guiding principles were developed to optimise future study design.
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•A lower breakfast glycaemic load benefitted episodic memory, in adults, >120 min post-breakfast.•The effect of breakfast glycaemic load, in adults, was influenced by participants age and glucose tolerance.•A series of guiding principles were developed to guide study design.</description><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Breakfast</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Cognitive performance</subject><subject>Episodic memory</subject><subject>Glycaemic load</subject><subject>Meta-analysis</subject><issn>0149-7634</issn><issn>1873-7528</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkM1KxDAUhYMoOI4-g1m66ZikaZNxNwz-wYCbcR3S9KaToU1q0g7M2_gsPpmVEbeuLlzOd-B8CN1SsqCElvf7hYexciHCYcEIY9OXS8bP0IxKkWeiYPIczQjly0yUOb9EVyntCSGM5MUMxe0OsOt6bQYcLG7ao9HQOYPboGscPDah8W5wB8A9RBtip72BB7zCHQw60163x-QS1r7Gzehq55uvzz46b1zfQsITge04jBFwhAQ6mt01urC6TXDze-fo_elxu37JNm_Pr-vVJjM5E0NWGmurZVWVstB1mVeUVZzZJXBBSlNLXhhSWQqCAGdEFJzlrNZ5JWwBrDRa5nN0d-rtY_gYIQ2qc8lA22oPYUyKCcKopESyKSpOURNDShGsmiZ0Oh4VJerHstqrP8vqx7I6WZ7I1YmEacnBQVTJOJgU1S6CGVQd3L8d34XujSQ</recordid><startdate>202210</startdate><enddate>202210</enddate><creator>Gaylor, C.M.</creator><creator>Benton, D.</creator><creator>Brennan, A.</creator><creator>Young, H.A.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202210</creationdate><title>The impact of glycaemic load on cognitive performance: A meta-analysis and guiding principles for future research</title><author>Gaylor, C.M. ; Benton, D. ; Brennan, A. ; Young, H.A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c327t-6cffb9bb685ad63b12b42f9e4706cd845c0bf1e70e420754232da3b7f5e26ca83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Adolescents</topic><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Breakfast</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Cognitive performance</topic><topic>Episodic memory</topic><topic>Glycaemic load</topic><topic>Meta-analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gaylor, C.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benton, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brennan, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, H.A.</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gaylor, C.M.</au><au>Benton, D.</au><au>Brennan, A.</au><au>Young, H.A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The impact of glycaemic load on cognitive performance: A meta-analysis and guiding principles for future research</atitle><jtitle>Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews</jtitle><date>2022-10</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>141</volume><spage>104824</spage><epage>104824</epage><pages>104824-104824</pages><artnum>104824</artnum><issn>0149-7634</issn><eissn>1873-7528</eissn><abstract>The effect of breakfast glycaemic load (GL) on cognition was systematically examined. Randomised and non-randomised controlled trials were identified using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (up to May 2022). 15 studies involving adults (aged 20 – 80 years) were included. Studies had a low risk, or some concerns, of bias. A random-effects meta-analysis model revealed no effect of GL on cognition up to 119 min post-consumption. However, after 120 min, immediate episodic memory scores were better following a low-GL compared to a high-GL (SMD = 0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.00 to 0.32, p = 0.05, I2 = 5%). Subgroup analyses indicated that the benefit was greater in younger adults (<35 years) and those with better GT. A qualitative synthesis of 16 studies involving children and adolescents (aged 5 – 17 years) suggested that a low-GL breakfast may also benefit episodic memory and attention after 120 min. Methodological practises were identified which could explain a failure to detect benefits in some studies. Consequently, guiding principles were developed to optimise future study design.
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•A lower breakfast glycaemic load benefitted episodic memory, in adults, >120 min post-breakfast.•The effect of breakfast glycaemic load, in adults, was influenced by participants age and glucose tolerance.•A series of guiding principles were developed to guide study design.</abstract><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104824</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescents Adults Breakfast Children Cognitive performance Episodic memory Glycaemic load Meta-analysis |
| title | The impact of glycaemic load on cognitive performance: A meta-analysis and guiding principles for future research |
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