Chlamydia trachomatis L2/434/Bu Favors Hypoxia for its Growth in Human Lymphoid Jurkat Cells While Maintaining Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines
The role of lymphocytes as a cornerstone of the inflammatory response in the invasive pathogenesis of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) LGV (L1–3) infection is unclear. Therefore, we assessed whether the adaptation of CtL2 to immortal lymphoid Jurkat cells under hypoxic conditions occurred through proinfla...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Current microbiology 2022-09, Vol.79 (9), p.265-265, Article 265 |
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| creator | Tsujikawa, Ryoya Thapa, Jeewan Okubo, Torahiko Nakamura, Shinji Zhang, Saicheng Furuta, Yoshikazu Higashi, Hideaki Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki |
| description | The role of lymphocytes as a cornerstone of the inflammatory response in the invasive pathogenesis
of Chlamydia trachomatis
(Ct) LGV (L1–3) infection is unclear. Therefore, we assessed whether the adaptation of CtL2 to immortal lymphoid Jurkat cells under hypoxic conditions occurred through proinflammatory cytokine profile modification. The quantities of inclusion-forming units with chlamydial 16S rDNA confirmed that CtL2 grew well under hypoxic rather than normoxic conditions in the cells. Confocal microscopic imaging and transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of bacterial progeny in the inclusions and showed that the inclusions were larger under hypoxic rather than normoxic conditions; this was supported by the results of 3D image construction. Furthermore, PCR-based analysis of proinflammatory cytokines revealed that the gene expression levels under hypoxic conditions were significantly higher than those under normoxic conditions. In particular, the expression of two genes (
CXCL8
and
CXCR3
) was significantly diminished under normoxic conditions. Taken together, the results indicated that hypoxia promoted CtL2 growth in Jurkat cells while maintaining the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, Ct LGV infection in lymphocytes under hypoxic conditions might be crucial to a complete understanding of the invasive pathogenesis. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00284-022-02961-y |
| format | Article |
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of Chlamydia trachomatis
(Ct) LGV (L1–3) infection is unclear. Therefore, we assessed whether the adaptation of CtL2 to immortal lymphoid Jurkat cells under hypoxic conditions occurred through proinflammatory cytokine profile modification. The quantities of inclusion-forming units with chlamydial 16S rDNA confirmed that CtL2 grew well under hypoxic rather than normoxic conditions in the cells. Confocal microscopic imaging and transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of bacterial progeny in the inclusions and showed that the inclusions were larger under hypoxic rather than normoxic conditions; this was supported by the results of 3D image construction. Furthermore, PCR-based analysis of proinflammatory cytokines revealed that the gene expression levels under hypoxic conditions were significantly higher than those under normoxic conditions. In particular, the expression of two genes (
CXCL8
and
CXCR3
) was significantly diminished under normoxic conditions. Taken together, the results indicated that hypoxia promoted CtL2 growth in Jurkat cells while maintaining the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, Ct LGV infection in lymphocytes under hypoxic conditions might be crucial to a complete understanding of the invasive pathogenesis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0343-8651</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0991</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02961-y</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biotechnology ; Chlamydia ; Chlamydia trachomatis ; Computed tomography ; CXCR3 protein ; Cytokines ; Gene expression ; Hypoxia ; Image processing ; Inclusions ; Inflammation ; Inflammatory response ; Life Sciences ; Lymphocytes ; Microbiology ; Pathogenesis ; Progeny ; rRNA 16S ; Sexually transmitted diseases ; STD ; Transmission electron microscopy</subject><ispartof>Current microbiology, 2022-09, Vol.79 (9), p.265-265, Article 265</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c299t-b25cc83989b3885907716293849a2298a1ad16e5fc15478c3816ab51306dba2a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3723-3361</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00284-022-02961-y$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00284-022-02961-y$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tsujikawa, Ryoya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thapa, Jeewan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okubo, Torahiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakamura, Shinji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Saicheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Furuta, Yoshikazu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Higashi, Hideaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki</creatorcontrib><title>Chlamydia trachomatis L2/434/Bu Favors Hypoxia for its Growth in Human Lymphoid Jurkat Cells While Maintaining Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines</title><title>Current microbiology</title><addtitle>Curr Microbiol</addtitle><description>The role of lymphocytes as a cornerstone of the inflammatory response in the invasive pathogenesis
of Chlamydia trachomatis
(Ct) LGV (L1–3) infection is unclear. Therefore, we assessed whether the adaptation of CtL2 to immortal lymphoid Jurkat cells under hypoxic conditions occurred through proinflammatory cytokine profile modification. The quantities of inclusion-forming units with chlamydial 16S rDNA confirmed that CtL2 grew well under hypoxic rather than normoxic conditions in the cells. Confocal microscopic imaging and transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of bacterial progeny in the inclusions and showed that the inclusions were larger under hypoxic rather than normoxic conditions; this was supported by the results of 3D image construction. Furthermore, PCR-based analysis of proinflammatory cytokines revealed that the gene expression levels under hypoxic conditions were significantly higher than those under normoxic conditions. In particular, the expression of two genes (
CXCL8
and
CXCR3
) was significantly diminished under normoxic conditions. Taken together, the results indicated that hypoxia promoted CtL2 growth in Jurkat cells while maintaining the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, Ct LGV infection in lymphocytes under hypoxic conditions might be crucial to a complete understanding of the invasive pathogenesis.</description><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Chlamydia</subject><subject>Chlamydia trachomatis</subject><subject>Computed tomography</subject><subject>CXCR3 protein</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Hypoxia</subject><subject>Image processing</subject><subject>Inclusions</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Inflammatory response</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Pathogenesis</subject><subject>Progeny</subject><subject>rRNA 16S</subject><subject>Sexually transmitted diseases</subject><subject>STD</subject><subject>Transmission electron 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trachomatis L2/434/Bu Favors Hypoxia for its Growth in Human Lymphoid Jurkat Cells While Maintaining Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines</title><author>Tsujikawa, Ryoya ; Thapa, Jeewan ; Okubo, Torahiko ; Nakamura, Shinji ; Zhang, Saicheng ; Furuta, Yoshikazu ; Higashi, Hideaki ; Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c299t-b25cc83989b3885907716293849a2298a1ad16e5fc15478c3816ab51306dba2a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biotechnology</topic><topic>Chlamydia</topic><topic>Chlamydia trachomatis</topic><topic>Computed tomography</topic><topic>CXCR3 protein</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Hypoxia</topic><topic>Image processing</topic><topic>Inclusions</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Inflammatory response</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Lymphocytes</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Pathogenesis</topic><topic>Progeny</topic><topic>rRNA 16S</topic><topic>Sexually transmitted diseases</topic><topic>STD</topic><topic>Transmission electron microscopy</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tsujikawa, Ryoya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thapa, Jeewan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okubo, Torahiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakamura, Shinji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Saicheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Furuta, Yoshikazu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Higashi, Hideaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences 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Hiroyuki</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Chlamydia trachomatis L2/434/Bu Favors Hypoxia for its Growth in Human Lymphoid Jurkat Cells While Maintaining Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines</atitle><jtitle>Current microbiology</jtitle><stitle>Curr Microbiol</stitle><date>2022-09-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>79</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>265</spage><epage>265</epage><pages>265-265</pages><artnum>265</artnum><issn>0343-8651</issn><eissn>1432-0991</eissn><abstract>The role of lymphocytes as a cornerstone of the inflammatory response in the invasive pathogenesis
of Chlamydia trachomatis
(Ct) LGV (L1–3) infection is unclear. Therefore, we assessed whether the adaptation of CtL2 to immortal lymphoid Jurkat cells under hypoxic conditions occurred through proinflammatory cytokine profile modification. The quantities of inclusion-forming units with chlamydial 16S rDNA confirmed that CtL2 grew well under hypoxic rather than normoxic conditions in the cells. Confocal microscopic imaging and transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of bacterial progeny in the inclusions and showed that the inclusions were larger under hypoxic rather than normoxic conditions; this was supported by the results of 3D image construction. Furthermore, PCR-based analysis of proinflammatory cytokines revealed that the gene expression levels under hypoxic conditions were significantly higher than those under normoxic conditions. In particular, the expression of two genes (
CXCL8
and
CXCR3
) was significantly diminished under normoxic conditions. Taken together, the results indicated that hypoxia promoted CtL2 growth in Jurkat cells while maintaining the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, Ct LGV infection in lymphocytes under hypoxic conditions might be crucial to a complete understanding of the invasive pathogenesis.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><doi>10.1007/s00284-022-02961-y</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3723-3361</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Biomedical and Life Sciences Biotechnology Chlamydia Chlamydia trachomatis Computed tomography CXCR3 protein Cytokines Gene expression Hypoxia Image processing Inclusions Inflammation Inflammatory response Life Sciences Lymphocytes Microbiology Pathogenesis Progeny rRNA 16S Sexually transmitted diseases STD Transmission electron microscopy |
| title | Chlamydia trachomatis L2/434/Bu Favors Hypoxia for its Growth in Human Lymphoid Jurkat Cells While Maintaining Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines |
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