Individual and combined effects of the dietary Spirulina platensis and Bacillus licheniformis supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, innate immunity, relative gene expression and resistance of goldfish, Carassius auratus to Aeromonas hydrophila
This study evaluated the individual and combined effects of the dietary Spirulina platensis (SP) and probiotic bacterium Bacillus licheniformis (BL) on the growth performance, immune responses, and disease resistance in goldfish (Carassius auratus). A total of 216 fish (3.39 ± 0.24 g) were randomly...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Fish & shellfish immunology 2022-08, Vol.127, p.1070-1078 |
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| creator | Yousefi, Morteza Ahmadifar, Mehdi Mohammadzadeh, Sedigheh Kalhor, Naser Esfahani, Delaram Eslimi Bagheri, Azadeh Mashhadizadeh, Nika Moghadam, Mohsen Shahriari Ahmadifar, Ehsan |
| description | This study evaluated the individual and combined effects of the dietary Spirulina platensis (SP) and probiotic bacterium Bacillus licheniformis (BL) on the growth performance, immune responses, and disease resistance in goldfish (Carassius auratus). A total of 216 fish (3.39 ± 0.24 g) were randomly distributed in 12 tanks with 18 fish per tank (4 treatments with 3 replications) and fed with diets containing 0% S. platensis and B. licheniformis (T0), 108 CFU/g B. licheniformis (T1), 2.5% S. platensis (T2), and 108 CFU/g B. licheniformis + 2.5% S. platensis (T3(. There were no significant differences in growth parameters. The alternative complement pathway (ACH50) and lysozyme activity were significantly increased in T2 and T3 treatments. No marked differences were observed in total immunoglobulin and protease activity among treatments (P > 0.05). The relative expression of IGF-1 was not affected by experimental diets (P > 0.05). Ghrelin gene showed significantly higher mRNA levels in fish fed with SP and BL (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.015 |
| format | Article |
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•Dietary S. platensis and probiotic bacterium B. licheniformis increased innate immune parameters in goldfish.•SP and BL inclusion improved growth and antioxidant related gene expression.•Supplementation with SP and BL upregulated the transcriptional level of lysozyme, IL6, IL-1β, TGF and TNF2.•The enhanced disease resistance against A. hydrophila infection was observed in fish fed diets containing SP and BL.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1050-4648</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-9947</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.015</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Dietary supplementation ; Disease resistance ; Gene expression ; Immune parameters ; Ornamental fish</subject><ispartof>Fish & shellfish immunology, 2022-08, Vol.127, p.1070-1078</ispartof><rights>2022 Elsevier Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c260t-9f69564e01dcc2ea27f12c1c93dce417ae874028ca15cdfef818d3b0904530f33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c260t-9f69564e01dcc2ea27f12c1c93dce417ae874028ca15cdfef818d3b0904530f33</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5352-8106 ; 0000-0001-7981-5875</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.015$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yousefi, Morteza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmadifar, Mehdi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohammadzadeh, Sedigheh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalhor, Naser</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Esfahani, Delaram Eslimi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bagheri, Azadeh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mashhadizadeh, Nika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moghadam, Mohsen Shahriari</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmadifar, Ehsan</creatorcontrib><title>Individual and combined effects of the dietary Spirulina platensis and Bacillus licheniformis supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, innate immunity, relative gene expression and resistance of goldfish, Carassius auratus to Aeromonas hydrophila</title><title>Fish & shellfish immunology</title><description>This study evaluated the individual and combined effects of the dietary Spirulina platensis (SP) and probiotic bacterium Bacillus licheniformis (BL) on the growth performance, immune responses, and disease resistance in goldfish (Carassius auratus). A total of 216 fish (3.39 ± 0.24 g) were randomly distributed in 12 tanks with 18 fish per tank (4 treatments with 3 replications) and fed with diets containing 0% S. platensis and B. licheniformis (T0), 108 CFU/g B. licheniformis (T1), 2.5% S. platensis (T2), and 108 CFU/g B. licheniformis + 2.5% S. platensis (T3(. There were no significant differences in growth parameters. The alternative complement pathway (ACH50) and lysozyme activity were significantly increased in T2 and T3 treatments. No marked differences were observed in total immunoglobulin and protease activity among treatments (P > 0.05). The relative expression of IGF-1 was not affected by experimental diets (P > 0.05). Ghrelin gene showed significantly higher mRNA levels in fish fed with SP and BL (P < 0.05). The relative expression of catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GSR) significantly increased in fish fed with the SP and BL (P < 0.05). No marked difference in glutathione peroxidase (GPX) gene expression was seen between the treatments (P > 0.05). The mRNA levels of lysozyme, IL6, IL-1β, TGF, and TNF2 transcription were higher in fish fed with SP and BL (P < 0.05). No notable difference was observed in TNF1 and IL10 gene expression between treatments (P > 0.05). Moreover, the result of the challenge test with A. hydrophila showed that goldfish fed with SP and BL had a lower mortality rate than the control. In conclusion, the supplementation of SP and BL can be used as feed additives to enhance disease resistance against A. hydrophila infection by stimulating the immune system in goldfish.
•Dietary S. platensis and probiotic bacterium B. licheniformis increased innate immune parameters in goldfish.•SP and BL inclusion improved growth and antioxidant related gene expression.•Supplementation with SP and BL upregulated the transcriptional level of lysozyme, IL6, IL-1β, TGF and TNF2.•The enhanced disease resistance against A. hydrophila infection was observed in fish fed diets containing SP and BL.</description><subject>Dietary supplementation</subject><subject>Disease resistance</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Immune parameters</subject><subject>Ornamental fish</subject><issn>1050-4648</issn><issn>1095-9947</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9UU1vFDEMHRBItIUfwC1HDrtLMt8jTmXFR6VKHIBzlCbOjleZZEgy2-6_x9PljBTJlv3es-NXFO8F3wku2o_HnU24K3lZ7ni346J5WVwJPjTbYai7V2ve8G3d1v2b4jqlI-e8rVp-9eL6zhs8oVmUY8obpsP0gB4MA2tB58SCZXkEZhCyimf2c8a4OPSKzU5l8AnTM--z0ujckphDPYJHG-JErbTMs4MJfFYZg2f0DjE85pHNEFeM8ho2pEDdJzQUmVYzaeXzhqH3NILhNC3-uRCBZuIJ2AE8MHiaI6S0yq4bUI4pr3rrzofgjMU0btheRUUoWk0tUWWKObBbiGEKXiU2nk0M84hOvS1eW-USvPsXb4rfX7_82n_f3v_4dre_vd_qsuV5O9h2aNoauDBal6DKzopSCz1URkMtOgV9V_Oy10o02liwvehN9cAHXjcVt1V1U3y46M4x_FkgZUmX0uCc8hCWJMu2H9qO_CkJKi5QHUNKEaycI07kgxRcrr7LoyTf5eq75J0k34nz6cIB-sMJIcqkEegsBiM5Kk3A_7D_Aqzuvs0</recordid><startdate>202208</startdate><enddate>202208</enddate><creator>Yousefi, Morteza</creator><creator>Ahmadifar, Mehdi</creator><creator>Mohammadzadeh, Sedigheh</creator><creator>Kalhor, Naser</creator><creator>Esfahani, Delaram Eslimi</creator><creator>Bagheri, Azadeh</creator><creator>Mashhadizadeh, Nika</creator><creator>Moghadam, Mohsen Shahriari</creator><creator>Ahmadifar, Ehsan</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5352-8106</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7981-5875</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202208</creationdate><title>Individual and combined effects of the dietary Spirulina platensis and Bacillus licheniformis supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, innate immunity, relative gene expression and resistance of goldfish, Carassius auratus to Aeromonas hydrophila</title><author>Yousefi, Morteza ; Ahmadifar, Mehdi ; Mohammadzadeh, Sedigheh ; Kalhor, Naser ; Esfahani, Delaram Eslimi ; Bagheri, Azadeh ; Mashhadizadeh, Nika ; Moghadam, Mohsen Shahriari ; Ahmadifar, Ehsan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c260t-9f69564e01dcc2ea27f12c1c93dce417ae874028ca15cdfef818d3b0904530f33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Dietary supplementation</topic><topic>Disease resistance</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Immune parameters</topic><topic>Ornamental fish</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yousefi, Morteza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmadifar, Mehdi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohammadzadeh, Sedigheh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalhor, Naser</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Esfahani, Delaram Eslimi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bagheri, Azadeh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mashhadizadeh, Nika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moghadam, Mohsen Shahriari</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmadifar, Ehsan</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Fish & shellfish immunology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yousefi, Morteza</au><au>Ahmadifar, Mehdi</au><au>Mohammadzadeh, Sedigheh</au><au>Kalhor, Naser</au><au>Esfahani, Delaram Eslimi</au><au>Bagheri, Azadeh</au><au>Mashhadizadeh, Nika</au><au>Moghadam, Mohsen Shahriari</au><au>Ahmadifar, Ehsan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Individual and combined effects of the dietary Spirulina platensis and Bacillus licheniformis supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, innate immunity, relative gene expression and resistance of goldfish, Carassius auratus to Aeromonas hydrophila</atitle><jtitle>Fish & shellfish immunology</jtitle><date>2022-08</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>127</volume><spage>1070</spage><epage>1078</epage><pages>1070-1078</pages><issn>1050-4648</issn><eissn>1095-9947</eissn><abstract>This study evaluated the individual and combined effects of the dietary Spirulina platensis (SP) and probiotic bacterium Bacillus licheniformis (BL) on the growth performance, immune responses, and disease resistance in goldfish (Carassius auratus). A total of 216 fish (3.39 ± 0.24 g) were randomly distributed in 12 tanks with 18 fish per tank (4 treatments with 3 replications) and fed with diets containing 0% S. platensis and B. licheniformis (T0), 108 CFU/g B. licheniformis (T1), 2.5% S. platensis (T2), and 108 CFU/g B. licheniformis + 2.5% S. platensis (T3(. There were no significant differences in growth parameters. The alternative complement pathway (ACH50) and lysozyme activity were significantly increased in T2 and T3 treatments. No marked differences were observed in total immunoglobulin and protease activity among treatments (P > 0.05). The relative expression of IGF-1 was not affected by experimental diets (P > 0.05). Ghrelin gene showed significantly higher mRNA levels in fish fed with SP and BL (P < 0.05). The relative expression of catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GSR) significantly increased in fish fed with the SP and BL (P < 0.05). No marked difference in glutathione peroxidase (GPX) gene expression was seen between the treatments (P > 0.05). The mRNA levels of lysozyme, IL6, IL-1β, TGF, and TNF2 transcription were higher in fish fed with SP and BL (P < 0.05). No notable difference was observed in TNF1 and IL10 gene expression between treatments (P > 0.05). Moreover, the result of the challenge test with A. hydrophila showed that goldfish fed with SP and BL had a lower mortality rate than the control. In conclusion, the supplementation of SP and BL can be used as feed additives to enhance disease resistance against A. hydrophila infection by stimulating the immune system in goldfish.
•Dietary S. platensis and probiotic bacterium B. licheniformis increased innate immune parameters in goldfish.•SP and BL inclusion improved growth and antioxidant related gene expression.•Supplementation with SP and BL upregulated the transcriptional level of lysozyme, IL6, IL-1β, TGF and TNF2.•The enhanced disease resistance against A. hydrophila infection was observed in fish fed diets containing SP and BL.</abstract><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.015</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5352-8106</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7981-5875</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete |
| subjects | Dietary supplementation Disease resistance Gene expression Immune parameters Ornamental fish |
| title | Individual and combined effects of the dietary Spirulina platensis and Bacillus licheniformis supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, innate immunity, relative gene expression and resistance of goldfish, Carassius auratus to Aeromonas hydrophila |
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