Biomarker-Determined Nonylphenol Exposure and Associated Risks in Children of Thailand, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia
Nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine disruptor and environmental contaminant. Yet, data on individual body burdens and potential health risks in humans, especially among children, are scarce. We analyzed two specific urinary NP metabolites, hydroxy-NP (OH-NP) and oxo-NP. In contrast to parent NP, OH-NP...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science & technology 2022-07, Vol.56 (14), p.10229-10238 |
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| creator | Ringbeck, Benedikt Bury, Daniel Lee, Inae Lee, Gowoon Alakeel, Raid Alrashed, May Tosepu, Ramadhan Jayadipraja, Erwin Azizi Tantrakarnapa, Kraichat Kliengchuay, Wissanupong Brüning, Thomas Choi, Kyungho Koch, Holger M. |
| description | Nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine disruptor and environmental contaminant. Yet, data on individual body burdens and potential health risks in humans, especially among children, are scarce. We analyzed two specific urinary NP metabolites, hydroxy-NP (OH-NP) and oxo-NP. In contrast to parent NP, OH-NP has a much higher urinary excretion fraction (F ue), and both are insusceptible to external contamination. We investigated spot urine samples from school children of Thailand (n = 104), Indonesia (n = 89), and Saudi Arabia (n = 108) and could quantify OH-NP in 100% of Indonesian and Saudi children (median concentrations: 8.12 and 8.57 μg/L) and in 76% of Thai children (1.07 μg/L). Median oxo-NP concentrations were 0.95, 1.10, and |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/acs.est.2c01404 |
| format | Article |
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Yet, data on individual body burdens and potential health risks in humans, especially among children, are scarce. We analyzed two specific urinary NP metabolites, hydroxy-NP (OH-NP) and oxo-NP. In contrast to parent NP, OH-NP has a much higher urinary excretion fraction (F ue), and both are insusceptible to external contamination. We investigated spot urine samples from school children of Thailand (n = 104), Indonesia (n = 89), and Saudi Arabia (n = 108) and could quantify OH-NP in 100% of Indonesian and Saudi children (median concentrations: 8.12 and 8.57 μg/L) and in 76% of Thai children (1.07 μg/L). Median oxo-NP concentrations were 0.95, 1.10, and <0.25 μg/L, respectively, in line with its lower F ue. Median daily NP intakes (DIs), back-calculated from urinary OH-NP concentrations, were significantly higher in Indonesia and Saudi Arabia [0.47 and 0.36 μg/(kg bw·d), respectively] than in Thailand [0.06 μg/(kg bw·d)]. Maximum DIs were close to the preliminary tolerable DI of 5 μg/(kg bw·d) from the Danish Environmental Protection Agency. Dominant sources of exposure or relevant exposure pathways could not be readily identified by questionnaire analyses and also potentially varied by region. The novel biomarkers provide long-needed support to the quantitative exposure and risk assessment of NP.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-936X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01404</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Easton: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Biomarkers ; Children ; Contaminants ; Contamination ; Ecotoxicology and Public Health ; Endocrine disruptors ; Environmental protection ; Exposure ; Health risks ; Metabolites ; Nonylphenol ; Physical growth ; Risk assessment</subject><ispartof>Environmental science & technology, 2022-07, Vol.56 (14), p.10229-10238</ispartof><rights>2022 American Chemical Society</rights><rights>Copyright American Chemical Society Jul 19, 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a338t-3bbc26514bb4d1440acf3af0e3c236b63ceb12159deef2e2b272ca4600e713863</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a338t-3bbc26514bb4d1440acf3af0e3c236b63ceb12159deef2e2b272ca4600e713863</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1283-3133 ; 0000-0003-0103-0888 ; 0000-0002-8328-2837 ; 0000-0002-3056-6393 ; 0000-0002-8031-2105</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.2c01404$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.2c01404$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,2752,27053,27901,27902,56713,56763</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ringbeck, Benedikt</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bury, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Inae</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Gowoon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alakeel, Raid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alrashed, May</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tosepu, Ramadhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jayadipraja, Erwin Azizi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tantrakarnapa, Kraichat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kliengchuay, Wissanupong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brüning, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Kyungho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koch, Holger M.</creatorcontrib><title>Biomarker-Determined Nonylphenol Exposure and Associated Risks in Children of Thailand, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia</title><title>Environmental science & technology</title><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>Nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine disruptor and environmental contaminant. Yet, data on individual body burdens and potential health risks in humans, especially among children, are scarce. We analyzed two specific urinary NP metabolites, hydroxy-NP (OH-NP) and oxo-NP. In contrast to parent NP, OH-NP has a much higher urinary excretion fraction (F ue), and both are insusceptible to external contamination. We investigated spot urine samples from school children of Thailand (n = 104), Indonesia (n = 89), and Saudi Arabia (n = 108) and could quantify OH-NP in 100% of Indonesian and Saudi children (median concentrations: 8.12 and 8.57 μg/L) and in 76% of Thai children (1.07 μg/L). Median oxo-NP concentrations were 0.95, 1.10, and <0.25 μg/L, respectively, in line with its lower F ue. Median daily NP intakes (DIs), back-calculated from urinary OH-NP concentrations, were significantly higher in Indonesia and Saudi Arabia [0.47 and 0.36 μg/(kg bw·d), respectively] than in Thailand [0.06 μg/(kg bw·d)]. Maximum DIs were close to the preliminary tolerable DI of 5 μg/(kg bw·d) from the Danish Environmental Protection Agency. Dominant sources of exposure or relevant exposure pathways could not be readily identified by questionnaire analyses and also potentially varied by region. The novel biomarkers provide long-needed support to the quantitative exposure and risk assessment of NP.</description><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Contaminants</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology and Public Health</subject><subject>Endocrine disruptors</subject><subject>Environmental protection</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Nonylphenol</subject><subject>Physical growth</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kc1LAzEUxIMoWKtnrwEvgt02H_t5rLVqQRS0grclyb6labdJTXbB_vemtngQPL3D-80wzCB0ScmQEkZHQvkh-HbIFKExiY9QjyaMREme0GPUI4TyqODpxyk6835JCGGc5D3kb7VdC7cCF91BC26tDVT42Zpts1mAsQ2efm2s7xxgYSo89t4qLdrAvGq_8lgbPFnopnJgsK3xfCF0E8ABnpnKGvBaDH6Eb6KrNB47IbU4Rye1aDxcHG4fvd9P55PH6OnlYTYZP0WC87yNuJSKpQmNpYwrGsdEqJqLmgBXjKcy5QokZTQpKoCaAZMsY0rEKSGQUZ6nvI-u974bZz-70E251l5BEwKC7XzJ0jzLaMpCFX109Qdd2s6ZkC5QBcvyoqA0UKM9pZz13kFdbpwO7W1LSsrdCGUYodypDyMExc1esXv8Wv5HfwMFEIpL</recordid><startdate>20220719</startdate><enddate>20220719</enddate><creator>Ringbeck, Benedikt</creator><creator>Bury, Daniel</creator><creator>Lee, Inae</creator><creator>Lee, Gowoon</creator><creator>Alakeel, Raid</creator><creator>Alrashed, May</creator><creator>Tosepu, Ramadhan</creator><creator>Jayadipraja, Erwin Azizi</creator><creator>Tantrakarnapa, Kraichat</creator><creator>Kliengchuay, Wissanupong</creator><creator>Brüning, Thomas</creator><creator>Choi, Kyungho</creator><creator>Koch, Holger M.</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-3133</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0103-0888</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8328-2837</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3056-6393</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8031-2105</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220719</creationdate><title>Biomarker-Determined Nonylphenol Exposure and Associated Risks in Children of Thailand, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia</title><author>Ringbeck, Benedikt ; 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| subjects | Biomarkers Children Contaminants Contamination Ecotoxicology and Public Health Endocrine disruptors Environmental protection Exposure Health risks Metabolites Nonylphenol Physical growth Risk assessment |
| title | Biomarker-Determined Nonylphenol Exposure and Associated Risks in Children of Thailand, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia |
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