UK ruminant farmer understanding of copper-related terminology

Copper provision is not straightforward in ruminants. Other dietary elements such as iron and molybdenum in combination with sulphur are able to interfere with copper availability, absorption and function. These complexities surrounding copper availability in cattle and sheep prevent the simple calculation of copper requirements. Previous research has established that UK farms are failing to provide copper in an effective manner, with some over-supplying and others under-supplying. Copper terminology is not consistently understood by professionals in the agricultural industry; potentially resulting in confusing or misinformation being passed on to farmers. The present work found that most (84 %) farmers felt they lacked understanding of copper related problems and their associated terminology. However, farmers who felt they had the least knowledge appeared more likely to underestimate their knowledge, and those who felt more confident in their knowledge were more likely to be overestimating it. Simple over- and under-supply of copper were only recognised by a small proportion (17 %) as causes of copper related problems while more complex issues were better recognised (27 %) as potential causal factors. However, the more specific terminology relating to the molybdenum-sulphur antagonism was poorly understood by most respondents (96 %). •Most farmers lack confidence and knowledge of copper-related conditions.•The simple causes of copper imbalance may be overlooked in practice.•There is a tendency among farmers to over-complicate copper related problems.•Understanding of modes of action for known antagonists is very limited in practice.