Upcycling of wastes for sustainable controlled low-strength material: A review on strength and excavatability
In recent decades, the use of controlled low-strength material (CLSM) in densely populated cities has increased. CLSM is designed for future excavation with great fluidity, appropriate early strength, and low final strength. CLSM mixtures exhibit variable strength properties and performance due to t...
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description | In recent decades, the use of controlled low-strength material (CLSM) in densely populated cities has increased. CLSM is designed for future excavation with great fluidity, appropriate early strength, and low final strength. CLSM mixtures exhibit variable strength properties and performance due to the distinctive features of wastes (i.e., combustion residues, industry slags, and construction and other solid wastes) produced from various sources. CLSM should increase early strength quickly enough to allow traffic to resume within a few hours while maintaining a low strength for future re-excavation. It is suggested that the initial mixture design for each waste reported in the literature be changed until the combination meets the application standards defined in ACI 229R-13. The effects of adjusting other ingredients (i.e., cement, water, and admixtures) in the wastes incorporated into CLSM mixtures on the strength and re-excavatability properties are also detailed and discussed in this review. From practical and economic perspectives, the supply of materials in the waste streams, transport distance, and material properties and cost are important aspects to consider before their introduction to the construction industry. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-022-18511-9 |
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CLSM is designed for future excavation with great fluidity, appropriate early strength, and low final strength. CLSM mixtures exhibit variable strength properties and performance due to the distinctive features of wastes (i.e., combustion residues, industry slags, and construction and other solid wastes) produced from various sources. CLSM should increase early strength quickly enough to allow traffic to resume within a few hours while maintaining a low strength for future re-excavation. It is suggested that the initial mixture design for each waste reported in the literature be changed until the combination meets the application standards defined in ACI 229R-13. The effects of adjusting other ingredients (i.e., cement, water, and admixtures) in the wastes incorporated into CLSM mixtures on the strength and re-excavatability properties are also detailed and discussed in this review. From practical and economic perspectives, the supply of materials in the waste streams, transport distance, and material properties and cost are important aspects to consider before their introduction to the construction industry.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18511-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34993830</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Admixtures ; Aggregates ; Aquatic Pollution ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Bibliometrics ; By products ; Cement ; Cement constituents ; Chemical Phenomena ; Civil engineering ; Coal ; Coal Ash ; combustion ; Compressive Strength ; Concrete ; Construction industry ; Construction Materials ; Design ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental science ; Excavation ; Fluidity ; Industrial Waste ; Material properties ; Population density ; Public utilities ; Review Article ; Solid wastes ; traffic ; Waste management ; Waste materials ; Waste streams ; Waste Water Technology ; Wastes ; Water ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2022-03, Vol.29 (12), p.16799-16816</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022</rights><rights>2022. 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CLSM is designed for future excavation with great fluidity, appropriate early strength, and low final strength. CLSM mixtures exhibit variable strength properties and performance due to the distinctive features of wastes (i.e., combustion residues, industry slags, and construction and other solid wastes) produced from various sources. CLSM should increase early strength quickly enough to allow traffic to resume within a few hours while maintaining a low strength for future re-excavation. It is suggested that the initial mixture design for each waste reported in the literature be changed until the combination meets the application standards defined in ACI 229R-13. The effects of adjusting other ingredients (i.e., cement, water, and admixtures) in the wastes incorporated into CLSM mixtures on the strength and re-excavatability properties are also detailed and discussed in this review. From practical and economic perspectives, the supply of materials in the waste streams, transport distance, and material properties and cost are important aspects to consider before their introduction to the construction industry.</description><subject>Admixtures</subject><subject>Aggregates</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Bibliometrics</subject><subject>By products</subject><subject>Cement</subject><subject>Cement constituents</subject><subject>Chemical Phenomena</subject><subject>Civil engineering</subject><subject>Coal</subject><subject>Coal Ash</subject><subject>combustion</subject><subject>Compressive Strength</subject><subject>Concrete</subject><subject>Construction industry</subject><subject>Construction Materials</subject><subject>Design</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental 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low-strength material: A review on strength and excavatability</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2022-03-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>29</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>16799</spage><epage>16816</epage><pages>16799-16816</pages><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>In recent decades, the use of controlled low-strength material (CLSM) in densely populated cities has increased. CLSM is designed for future excavation with great fluidity, appropriate early strength, and low final strength. CLSM mixtures exhibit variable strength properties and performance due to the distinctive features of wastes (i.e., combustion residues, industry slags, and construction and other solid wastes) produced from various sources. CLSM should increase early strength quickly enough to allow traffic to resume within a few hours while maintaining a low strength for future re-excavation. It is suggested that the initial mixture design for each waste reported in the literature be changed until the combination meets the application standards defined in ACI 229R-13. The effects of adjusting other ingredients (i.e., cement, water, and admixtures) in the wastes incorporated into CLSM mixtures on the strength and re-excavatability properties are also detailed and discussed in this review. 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subjects | Admixtures Aggregates Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Bibliometrics By products Cement Cement constituents Chemical Phenomena Civil engineering Coal Coal Ash combustion Compressive Strength Concrete Construction industry Construction Materials Design Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Excavation Fluidity Industrial Waste Material properties Population density Public utilities Review Article Solid wastes traffic Waste management Waste materials Waste streams Waste Water Technology Wastes Water Water Management Water Pollution Control |
title | Upcycling of wastes for sustainable controlled low-strength material: A review on strength and excavatability |
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