Upcycling of wastes for sustainable controlled low-strength material: A review on strength and excavatability

In recent decades, the use of controlled low-strength material (CLSM) in densely populated cities has increased. CLSM is designed for future excavation with great fluidity, appropriate early strength, and low final strength. CLSM mixtures exhibit variable strength properties and performance due to t...

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Veröffentlicht in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2022-03, Vol.29 (12), p.16799-16816
Hauptverfasser: Kaliyavaradhan, Senthil Kumar, Ling, Tung-Chai, Guo, Ming-Zhi
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container_issue 12
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creator Kaliyavaradhan, Senthil Kumar
Ling, Tung-Chai
Guo, Ming-Zhi
description In recent decades, the use of controlled low-strength material (CLSM) in densely populated cities has increased. CLSM is designed for future excavation with great fluidity, appropriate early strength, and low final strength. CLSM mixtures exhibit variable strength properties and performance due to the distinctive features of wastes (i.e., combustion residues, industry slags, and construction and other solid wastes) produced from various sources. CLSM should increase early strength quickly enough to allow traffic to resume within a few hours while maintaining a low strength for future re-excavation. It is suggested that the initial mixture design for each waste reported in the literature be changed until the combination meets the application standards defined in ACI 229R-13. The effects of adjusting other ingredients (i.e., cement, water, and admixtures) in the wastes incorporated into CLSM mixtures on the strength and re-excavatability properties are also detailed and discussed in this review. From practical and economic perspectives, the supply of materials in the waste streams, transport distance, and material properties and cost are important aspects to consider before their introduction to the construction industry.
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subjects Admixtures
Aggregates
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Bibliometrics
By products
Cement
Cement constituents
Chemical Phenomena
Civil engineering
Coal
Coal Ash
combustion
Compressive Strength
Concrete
Construction industry
Construction Materials
Design
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental science
Excavation
Fluidity
Industrial Waste
Material properties
Population density
Public utilities
Review Article
Solid wastes
traffic
Waste management
Waste materials
Waste streams
Waste Water Technology
Wastes
Water
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
title Upcycling of wastes for sustainable controlled low-strength material: A review on strength and excavatability
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