Biotechnological production and application of epsilon-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL): biosynthesis and its metabolic regulation
Epsilon-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) is an unusual biopolymer composed of L-lysine produced by several microorganisms, especially by the genus Streptomyces . Due to its excellent antimicrobial activity, good water solubility, high safety, and biodegradable nature, ε-PL with a GRAS status has been widely use...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | World journal of microbiology & biotechnology 2022-07, Vol.38 (7), p.123-123, Article 123 |
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| creator | Wang, Dahong Wang, Hemin Wu, Jinpeng Hou, Yuxin Sun, Jianrui Yuan, Jiangfeng Gu, Shaobin |
| description | Epsilon-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) is an unusual biopolymer composed of L-lysine produced by several microorganisms, especially by the genus
Streptomyces
. Due to its excellent antimicrobial activity, good water solubility, high safety, and biodegradable nature, ε-PL with a GRAS status has been widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. In the past years, studies have focused on the biotechnological production of ɛ-PL, the biosynthetic mechanism of microbial ɛ-PL, and its application. To provide new perspectives from recent advances, the review introduced the methods for the isolation of ɛ-PL producing strains and the biosynthetic mechanism of microbial ɛ-PL. We summarized the strategies for the improvement of ɛ-PL producing strains, including physical and chemical mutagenesis, ribosome engineering and gene engineering, and compared the different metabolic regulation strategies for improving ɛ-PL production, including medium optimization, nutrient supply, pH control, and dissolved oxygen control. Then, the downstream purification methods of ɛ-PL and its recent applications in food and medicine industries were introduced. Finally, we also proposed the potential challenges and the perspectives for the production of ε-PL.
Graphical abstract |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11274-022-03304-6 |
| format | Article |
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Streptomyces
. Due to its excellent antimicrobial activity, good water solubility, high safety, and biodegradable nature, ε-PL with a GRAS status has been widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. In the past years, studies have focused on the biotechnological production of ɛ-PL, the biosynthetic mechanism of microbial ɛ-PL, and its application. To provide new perspectives from recent advances, the review introduced the methods for the isolation of ɛ-PL producing strains and the biosynthetic mechanism of microbial ɛ-PL. We summarized the strategies for the improvement of ɛ-PL producing strains, including physical and chemical mutagenesis, ribosome engineering and gene engineering, and compared the different metabolic regulation strategies for improving ɛ-PL production, including medium optimization, nutrient supply, pH control, and dissolved oxygen control. Then, the downstream purification methods of ɛ-PL and its recent applications in food and medicine industries were introduced. Finally, we also proposed the potential challenges and the perspectives for the production of ε-PL.
Graphical abstract</description><identifier>ISSN: 0959-3993</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-0972</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03304-6</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35637397</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Antiinfectives and antibacterials ; Antimicrobial activity ; Applied Microbiology ; Biochemistry ; Biodegradability ; Biodegradation ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biopolymers ; Biopolymers - metabolism ; Biosynthesis ; Biotechnology ; Biotechnology - methods ; Culture Media - metabolism ; Dissolved oxygen ; Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology ; Food ; Food industry ; Life Sciences ; Lysine ; Metabolism ; Microbiology ; Microorganisms ; Mutagenesis ; Optimization ; pH control ; Pharmaceutical industry ; Poly-L-lysine ; Polylysine - chemistry ; Polylysine - metabolism ; Review ; Strains (organisms) ; Streptomyces - genetics ; Streptomyces - metabolism</subject><ispartof>World journal of microbiology & biotechnology, 2022-07, Vol.38 (7), p.123-123, Article 123</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2022</rights><rights>2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2022.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2906-b633e5982771b80541a9fe6b44cab5038b0d03bfd22f7458c41926952dd14613</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2906-b633e5982771b80541a9fe6b44cab5038b0d03bfd22f7458c41926952dd14613</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6655-6464</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11274-022-03304-6$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11274-022-03304-6$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41467,42536,51298</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35637397$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wang, Dahong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Hemin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Jinpeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hou, Yuxin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Jianrui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Jiangfeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gu, Shaobin</creatorcontrib><title>Biotechnological production and application of epsilon-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL): biosynthesis and its metabolic regulation</title><title>World journal of microbiology & biotechnology</title><addtitle>World J Microbiol Biotechnol</addtitle><addtitle>World J Microbiol Biotechnol</addtitle><description>Epsilon-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) is an unusual biopolymer composed of L-lysine produced by several microorganisms, especially by the genus
Streptomyces
. Due to its excellent antimicrobial activity, good water solubility, high safety, and biodegradable nature, ε-PL with a GRAS status has been widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. In the past years, studies have focused on the biotechnological production of ɛ-PL, the biosynthetic mechanism of microbial ɛ-PL, and its application. To provide new perspectives from recent advances, the review introduced the methods for the isolation of ɛ-PL producing strains and the biosynthetic mechanism of microbial ɛ-PL. We summarized the strategies for the improvement of ɛ-PL producing strains, including physical and chemical mutagenesis, ribosome engineering and gene engineering, and compared the different metabolic regulation strategies for improving ɛ-PL production, including medium optimization, nutrient supply, pH control, and dissolved oxygen control. Then, the downstream purification methods of ɛ-PL and its recent applications in food and medicine industries were introduced. Finally, we also proposed the potential challenges and the perspectives for the production of ε-PL.
Graphical abstract</description><subject>Antiinfectives and antibacterials</subject><subject>Antimicrobial activity</subject><subject>Applied Microbiology</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biodegradability</subject><subject>Biodegradation</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biopolymers</subject><subject>Biopolymers - metabolism</subject><subject>Biosynthesis</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Biotechnology - methods</subject><subject>Culture Media - metabolism</subject><subject>Dissolved oxygen</subject><subject>Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Food industry</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Lysine</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Mutagenesis</subject><subject>Optimization</subject><subject>pH control</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical industry</subject><subject>Poly-L-lysine</subject><subject>Polylysine - 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Academic</collection><jtitle>World journal of microbiology & biotechnology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wang, Dahong</au><au>Wang, Hemin</au><au>Wu, Jinpeng</au><au>Hou, Yuxin</au><au>Sun, Jianrui</au><au>Yuan, Jiangfeng</au><au>Gu, Shaobin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Biotechnological production and application of epsilon-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL): biosynthesis and its metabolic regulation</atitle><jtitle>World journal of microbiology & biotechnology</jtitle><stitle>World J Microbiol Biotechnol</stitle><addtitle>World J Microbiol Biotechnol</addtitle><date>2022-07-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>38</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>123</spage><epage>123</epage><pages>123-123</pages><artnum>123</artnum><issn>0959-3993</issn><eissn>1573-0972</eissn><abstract>Epsilon-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) is an unusual biopolymer composed of L-lysine produced by several microorganisms, especially by the genus
Streptomyces
. Due to its excellent antimicrobial activity, good water solubility, high safety, and biodegradable nature, ε-PL with a GRAS status has been widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. In the past years, studies have focused on the biotechnological production of ɛ-PL, the biosynthetic mechanism of microbial ɛ-PL, and its application. To provide new perspectives from recent advances, the review introduced the methods for the isolation of ɛ-PL producing strains and the biosynthetic mechanism of microbial ɛ-PL. We summarized the strategies for the improvement of ɛ-PL producing strains, including physical and chemical mutagenesis, ribosome engineering and gene engineering, and compared the different metabolic regulation strategies for improving ɛ-PL production, including medium optimization, nutrient supply, pH control, and dissolved oxygen control. Then, the downstream purification methods of ɛ-PL and its recent applications in food and medicine industries were introduced. Finally, we also proposed the potential challenges and the perspectives for the production of ε-PL.
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| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0959-3993 |
| ispartof | World journal of microbiology & biotechnology, 2022-07, Vol.38 (7), p.123-123, Article 123 |
| issn | 0959-3993 1573-0972 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Antiinfectives and antibacterials Antimicrobial activity Applied Microbiology Biochemistry Biodegradability Biodegradation Biomedical and Life Sciences Biopolymers Biopolymers - metabolism Biosynthesis Biotechnology Biotechnology - methods Culture Media - metabolism Dissolved oxygen Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology Food Food industry Life Sciences Lysine Metabolism Microbiology Microorganisms Mutagenesis Optimization pH control Pharmaceutical industry Poly-L-lysine Polylysine - chemistry Polylysine - metabolism Review Strains (organisms) Streptomyces - genetics Streptomyces - metabolism |
| title | Biotechnological production and application of epsilon-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL): biosynthesis and its metabolic regulation |
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