Association of Cardiovascular Health Metrics With Risk of Transition to Hypertension in Non-Hypertensive Young Adults
Abstract BACKGROUND The risk of developing hypertension in young adults and its relationship to modifiable lifestyle factors are unclear. We aimed to examine the association of cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics with the risk of hypertension. METHODS We analyzed 66,876 participants aged 20–39 years...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of hypertension 2022-10, Vol.35 (10), p.858-866 |
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| container_title | American journal of hypertension |
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| creator | Suzuki, Yuta Kaneko, Hidehiro Yano, Yuichiro Okada, Akira Itoh, Hidetaka Matsuoka, Satoshi Fujiu, Katsuhito Michihata, Nobuaki Jo, Taisuke Takeda, Norifumi Morita, Hiroyuki Matsunaga, Atsuhiko Node, Koichi McEvoy, John W Lam, Carolyn S P Oparil, Suzanne Yasunaga, Hideo Komuro, Issei |
| description | Abstract
BACKGROUND
The risk of developing hypertension in young adults and its relationship to modifiable lifestyle factors are unclear. We aimed to examine the association of cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics with the risk of hypertension.
METHODS
We analyzed 66,876 participants aged 20–39 years, with available blood pressure (BP) data for 5 consecutive years, who had normal or elevated BP at the initial health check-up, enrolled in the JMDC Claims Database. Ideal CVH metrics included nonsmoking, body mass index |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/ajh/hpac057 |
| format | Article |
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BACKGROUND
The risk of developing hypertension in young adults and its relationship to modifiable lifestyle factors are unclear. We aimed to examine the association of cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics with the risk of hypertension.
METHODS
We analyzed 66,876 participants aged 20–39 years, with available blood pressure (BP) data for 5 consecutive years, who had normal or elevated BP at the initial health check-up, enrolled in the JMDC Claims Database. Ideal CVH metrics included nonsmoking, body mass index <25 kg/m2, physical activity at goal, optimal dietary habits, untreated fasting glucose <100 mg/dL, and untreated total cholesterol <200 mg/dL. The primary endpoint was defined as stage 1 or stage 2 hypertension. We defined normal BP, elevated BP, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) BP guideline.
RESULTS
The median age was 35 years, and 62% were men. Number of non-ideal CVH metrics was associated with an increasing risk for the development of stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension. Non-ideal body mass index was most strongly associated with a risk for hypertension. This association was more pronounced in women. An annual increase in the number of non-ideal CVH metrics was associated with an elevated risk for the hypertension development.
CONCLUSIONS
CVH metrics can stratify the risk for hypertension in non-hypertensive adults aged 20–39 years. These findings have important public health implications for the screening and prevention of hypertension. Improving CVH metrics may prevent the risk of developing hypertension in young adults.
Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract</description><identifier>ISSN: 0895-7061</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1941-7225</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpac057</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35639507</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>US: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology ; Cholesterol ; Female ; Glucose ; Health Status ; Humans ; Hypertension - diagnosis ; Hypertension - epidemiology ; Male ; Quality Indicators, Health Care ; Risk Factors ; United States - epidemiology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>American journal of hypertension, 2022-10, Vol.35 (10), p.858-866</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com 2022</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c357t-111d1a0332db9646bb472e7df9b5834c9ea742d8b70173375592b801975fe40d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c357t-111d1a0332db9646bb472e7df9b5834c9ea742d8b70173375592b801975fe40d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2553-6170</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,1585,27929,27930</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35639507$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Suzuki, Yuta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaneko, Hidehiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yano, Yuichiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okada, Akira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Itoh, Hidetaka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matsuoka, Satoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fujiu, Katsuhito</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michihata, Nobuaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jo, Taisuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takeda, Norifumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morita, Hiroyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matsunaga, Atsuhiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Node, Koichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McEvoy, John W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lam, Carolyn S P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oparil, Suzanne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yasunaga, Hideo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Komuro, Issei</creatorcontrib><title>Association of Cardiovascular Health Metrics With Risk of Transition to Hypertension in Non-Hypertensive Young Adults</title><title>American journal of hypertension</title><addtitle>Am J Hypertens</addtitle><description>Abstract
BACKGROUND
The risk of developing hypertension in young adults and its relationship to modifiable lifestyle factors are unclear. We aimed to examine the association of cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics with the risk of hypertension.
METHODS
We analyzed 66,876 participants aged 20–39 years, with available blood pressure (BP) data for 5 consecutive years, who had normal or elevated BP at the initial health check-up, enrolled in the JMDC Claims Database. Ideal CVH metrics included nonsmoking, body mass index <25 kg/m2, physical activity at goal, optimal dietary habits, untreated fasting glucose <100 mg/dL, and untreated total cholesterol <200 mg/dL. The primary endpoint was defined as stage 1 or stage 2 hypertension. We defined normal BP, elevated BP, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) BP guideline.
RESULTS
The median age was 35 years, and 62% were men. Number of non-ideal CVH metrics was associated with an increasing risk for the development of stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension. Non-ideal body mass index was most strongly associated with a risk for hypertension. This association was more pronounced in women. An annual increase in the number of non-ideal CVH metrics was associated with an elevated risk for the hypertension development.
CONCLUSIONS
CVH metrics can stratify the risk for hypertension in non-hypertensive adults aged 20–39 years. These findings have important public health implications for the screening and prevention of hypertension. Improving CVH metrics may prevent the risk of developing hypertension in young adults.
Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Blood Pressure</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glucose</subject><subject>Health Status</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension - diagnosis</subject><subject>Hypertension - epidemiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Quality Indicators, Health Care</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>United States - epidemiology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0895-7061</issn><issn>1941-7225</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kM1LwzAYxoMobk5P3iUnEaQun81yHEOd4AfIRDyVNE1dZtfUJB3sv7dzU2-eXp6H3_scfgCcYnSFkaRDtZgP543SiIs90MeS4UQQwvdBH40kTwRKcQ8chbBACLE0xYegR3lKJUeiD9pxCE5bFa2roSvhRPnCupUKuq2Uh1OjqjiHDyZ6qwN8tV14tuFjg868qoP9fowOTteN8dF0TZdtDR9dnfx1KwPfXFu_w3HRVjEcg4NSVcGc7O4AvNxczybT5P7p9m4yvk805SImGOMCK0QpKXKZsjTPmSBGFKXM-YgyLY0SjBSjXCAsKBWcS5KPEJaCl4ahgg7AxXa38e6zNSFmSxu0qSpVG9eGjKSCUJIyQjr0cotq70Lwpswab5fKrzOMso3nrPOc7Tx39NluuM2Xpvhlf8R2wPkWcG3z79IXpBqHow</recordid><startdate>20221003</startdate><enddate>20221003</enddate><creator>Suzuki, Yuta</creator><creator>Kaneko, Hidehiro</creator><creator>Yano, Yuichiro</creator><creator>Okada, Akira</creator><creator>Itoh, Hidetaka</creator><creator>Matsuoka, Satoshi</creator><creator>Fujiu, Katsuhito</creator><creator>Michihata, Nobuaki</creator><creator>Jo, Taisuke</creator><creator>Takeda, Norifumi</creator><creator>Morita, Hiroyuki</creator><creator>Matsunaga, Atsuhiko</creator><creator>Node, Koichi</creator><creator>McEvoy, John W</creator><creator>Lam, Carolyn S P</creator><creator>Oparil, Suzanne</creator><creator>Yasunaga, Hideo</creator><creator>Komuro, Issei</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2553-6170</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20221003</creationdate><title>Association of Cardiovascular Health Metrics With Risk of Transition to Hypertension in Non-Hypertensive Young Adults</title><author>Suzuki, Yuta ; Kaneko, Hidehiro ; Yano, Yuichiro ; Okada, Akira ; Itoh, Hidetaka ; Matsuoka, Satoshi ; Fujiu, Katsuhito ; Michihata, Nobuaki ; Jo, Taisuke ; Takeda, Norifumi ; Morita, Hiroyuki ; Matsunaga, Atsuhiko ; Node, Koichi ; McEvoy, John W ; Lam, Carolyn S P ; Oparil, Suzanne ; Yasunaga, Hideo ; Komuro, Issei</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c357t-111d1a0332db9646bb472e7df9b5834c9ea742d8b70173375592b801975fe40d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Blood Pressure</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Glucose</topic><topic>Health Status</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypertension - diagnosis</topic><topic>Hypertension - epidemiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Quality Indicators, Health Care</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>United States - epidemiology</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Suzuki, Yuta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaneko, Hidehiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yano, Yuichiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okada, Akira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Itoh, Hidetaka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matsuoka, Satoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fujiu, Katsuhito</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michihata, Nobuaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jo, Taisuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takeda, Norifumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morita, Hiroyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matsunaga, Atsuhiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Node, Koichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McEvoy, John W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lam, Carolyn S P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oparil, Suzanne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yasunaga, Hideo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Komuro, Issei</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>American journal of hypertension</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Suzuki, Yuta</au><au>Kaneko, Hidehiro</au><au>Yano, Yuichiro</au><au>Okada, Akira</au><au>Itoh, Hidetaka</au><au>Matsuoka, Satoshi</au><au>Fujiu, Katsuhito</au><au>Michihata, Nobuaki</au><au>Jo, Taisuke</au><au>Takeda, Norifumi</au><au>Morita, Hiroyuki</au><au>Matsunaga, Atsuhiko</au><au>Node, Koichi</au><au>McEvoy, John W</au><au>Lam, Carolyn S P</au><au>Oparil, Suzanne</au><au>Yasunaga, Hideo</au><au>Komuro, Issei</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Association of Cardiovascular Health Metrics With Risk of Transition to Hypertension in Non-Hypertensive Young Adults</atitle><jtitle>American journal of hypertension</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Hypertens</addtitle><date>2022-10-03</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>35</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>858</spage><epage>866</epage><pages>858-866</pages><issn>0895-7061</issn><eissn>1941-7225</eissn><abstract>Abstract
BACKGROUND
The risk of developing hypertension in young adults and its relationship to modifiable lifestyle factors are unclear. We aimed to examine the association of cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics with the risk of hypertension.
METHODS
We analyzed 66,876 participants aged 20–39 years, with available blood pressure (BP) data for 5 consecutive years, who had normal or elevated BP at the initial health check-up, enrolled in the JMDC Claims Database. Ideal CVH metrics included nonsmoking, body mass index <25 kg/m2, physical activity at goal, optimal dietary habits, untreated fasting glucose <100 mg/dL, and untreated total cholesterol <200 mg/dL. The primary endpoint was defined as stage 1 or stage 2 hypertension. We defined normal BP, elevated BP, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) BP guideline.
RESULTS
The median age was 35 years, and 62% were men. Number of non-ideal CVH metrics was associated with an increasing risk for the development of stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension. Non-ideal body mass index was most strongly associated with a risk for hypertension. This association was more pronounced in women. An annual increase in the number of non-ideal CVH metrics was associated with an elevated risk for the hypertension development.
CONCLUSIONS
CVH metrics can stratify the risk for hypertension in non-hypertensive adults aged 20–39 years. These findings have important public health implications for the screening and prevention of hypertension. Improving CVH metrics may prevent the risk of developing hypertension in young adults.
Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract</abstract><cop>US</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>35639507</pmid><doi>10.1093/ajh/hpac057</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2553-6170</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | American journal of hypertension, 2022-10, Vol.35 (10), p.858-866 |
| issn | 0895-7061 1941-7225 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adult Blood Pressure Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology Cholesterol Female Glucose Health Status Humans Hypertension - diagnosis Hypertension - epidemiology Male Quality Indicators, Health Care Risk Factors United States - epidemiology Young Adult |
| title | Association of Cardiovascular Health Metrics With Risk of Transition to Hypertension in Non-Hypertensive Young Adults |
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