Evaluation of Topical Off-The-Shelf Therapies to Improve Prolonged Field Care of Burn-Injured Service Members
ABSTRACT Introduction Burns are common injuries on the battlefield. Given austere environments, surgical debridement of injured service members is often not feasible in these settings. Delays in surgical debridement create a risk of infection and deranged healing for burn patients. As such, this stu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Military medicine 2023-08, Vol.188 (9-10), p.3034-3044 |
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| creator | Varon, David E Carlsson, Anders H Cooper, Laura E Chapa, Javier Valdera, Franklin A Christy, Sean Christy, Robert J Chan, Rodney K Nuutila, Kristo J |
| description | ABSTRACT
Introduction
Burns are common injuries on the battlefield. Given austere environments, surgical debridement of injured service members is often not feasible in these settings. Delays in surgical debridement create a risk of infection and deranged healing for burn patients. As such, this study attempts to identify the best commercially available off-the-shelf (OTS) therapies with field-deployable potential to improve prolonged field care (PFC) of burn-injured soldiers.
Methods
Deep partial-thickness (DPT) burns (25 cm2) were created on the dorsum of 5 anesthetized pigs utilizing a thermocouple burn device at 100°C for 15 seconds. Nonsurgical debridement was done 1-hour after burn creation using sterile saline water and gauze to remove excess eschar tissue. Animals were then randomized into 5 experimental groups, and OTS therapies were applied to 6 of the 12 created DPT burns. The remaining 6 burns were treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine cream (Ascend Laboratories, LLC, Parsippany, NJ) as the PFC standard of care (SOC) controls. The 5 randomized OTS therapies were: irradiated sterile human skin allograft (IHS), biodegradable temporizing matrix (BTM), polylactic acid skin substitute, hyaluronic acid ester matrix (HAM), and decellularized fish skin graft (FSG). Wounds were serially assessed on post-burn days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Assessments were conducted using a combination of photographs, histology, and quantitative bacteriology. Endpoints included burn wound progression, re-epithelialization, wound contraction, scar elevation index, and colony-forming units (CFU).
Results
The analysis demonstrated that by day 3, the FSG prevented burn wound progression the most efficiently. In terms of wound healing, the results showed re-epithelialization percentages close to 100% by day 28 for all treatment groups. No statically significant differences were observed. Quality of healing analyses demonstrated that the BTM-treated wounds had contracted less and the difference to the IHS-treated wounds was statistically significant (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/milmed/usac114 |
| format | Article |
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Introduction
Burns are common injuries on the battlefield. Given austere environments, surgical debridement of injured service members is often not feasible in these settings. Delays in surgical debridement create a risk of infection and deranged healing for burn patients. As such, this study attempts to identify the best commercially available off-the-shelf (OTS) therapies with field-deployable potential to improve prolonged field care (PFC) of burn-injured soldiers.
Methods
Deep partial-thickness (DPT) burns (25 cm2) were created on the dorsum of 5 anesthetized pigs utilizing a thermocouple burn device at 100°C for 15 seconds. Nonsurgical debridement was done 1-hour after burn creation using sterile saline water and gauze to remove excess eschar tissue. Animals were then randomized into 5 experimental groups, and OTS therapies were applied to 6 of the 12 created DPT burns. The remaining 6 burns were treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine cream (Ascend Laboratories, LLC, Parsippany, NJ) as the PFC standard of care (SOC) controls. The 5 randomized OTS therapies were: irradiated sterile human skin allograft (IHS), biodegradable temporizing matrix (BTM), polylactic acid skin substitute, hyaluronic acid ester matrix (HAM), and decellularized fish skin graft (FSG). Wounds were serially assessed on post-burn days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Assessments were conducted using a combination of photographs, histology, and quantitative bacteriology. Endpoints included burn wound progression, re-epithelialization, wound contraction, scar elevation index, and colony-forming units (CFU).
Results
The analysis demonstrated that by day 3, the FSG prevented burn wound progression the most efficiently. In terms of wound healing, the results showed re-epithelialization percentages close to 100% by day 28 for all treatment groups. No statically significant differences were observed. Quality of healing analyses demonstrated that the BTM-treated wounds had contracted less and the difference to the IHS-treated wounds was statistically significant (P < .05). As regards to antimicrobial properties, the CFU results showed no statistically significant differences between the OTS therapies and the SOC on days 3, 7, and 14.
Conclusions
The impact of Food and Drug Administration-approved OTS therapies was compared to the current PFC SOC for the treatment of DPT burns in a porcine model. Several topical options exist for the management of burns prior to definitive treatment in the operating room and warrant further evaluation. These therapies are actively used on civilian burn counterparts and have far-forward, field-deployable potential for use at the point of injury so that injured service members may not need evacuation to higher roles of care and combat power may be preserved. Our results demonstrated that all the studied OTS therapies performed well when compared to the SOC in terms of burn wound progression, wound healing, quality of healing, and quantitative bacteriology.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0026-4075</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1930-613X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usac114</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>US: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Bacteriology ; Burns ; Debridement ; Wound healing</subject><ispartof>Military medicine, 2023-08, Vol.188 (9-10), p.3034-3044</ispartof><rights>Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States 2022. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US. 2021</rights><rights>Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States 2022. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c374t-462ff8d1bcc2e6236997d760223a6a28e5a757166a520f338c98142c50bd86723</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c374t-462ff8d1bcc2e6236997d760223a6a28e5a757166a520f338c98142c50bd86723</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5323-6194</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1584,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Varon, David E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carlsson, Anders H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cooper, Laura E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chapa, Javier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valdera, Franklin A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Christy, Sean</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Christy, Robert J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, Rodney K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nuutila, Kristo J</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluation of Topical Off-The-Shelf Therapies to Improve Prolonged Field Care of Burn-Injured Service Members</title><title>Military medicine</title><description>ABSTRACT
Introduction
Burns are common injuries on the battlefield. Given austere environments, surgical debridement of injured service members is often not feasible in these settings. Delays in surgical debridement create a risk of infection and deranged healing for burn patients. As such, this study attempts to identify the best commercially available off-the-shelf (OTS) therapies with field-deployable potential to improve prolonged field care (PFC) of burn-injured soldiers.
Methods
Deep partial-thickness (DPT) burns (25 cm2) were created on the dorsum of 5 anesthetized pigs utilizing a thermocouple burn device at 100°C for 15 seconds. Nonsurgical debridement was done 1-hour after burn creation using sterile saline water and gauze to remove excess eschar tissue. Animals were then randomized into 5 experimental groups, and OTS therapies were applied to 6 of the 12 created DPT burns. The remaining 6 burns were treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine cream (Ascend Laboratories, LLC, Parsippany, NJ) as the PFC standard of care (SOC) controls. The 5 randomized OTS therapies were: irradiated sterile human skin allograft (IHS), biodegradable temporizing matrix (BTM), polylactic acid skin substitute, hyaluronic acid ester matrix (HAM), and decellularized fish skin graft (FSG). Wounds were serially assessed on post-burn days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Assessments were conducted using a combination of photographs, histology, and quantitative bacteriology. Endpoints included burn wound progression, re-epithelialization, wound contraction, scar elevation index, and colony-forming units (CFU).
Results
The analysis demonstrated that by day 3, the FSG prevented burn wound progression the most efficiently. In terms of wound healing, the results showed re-epithelialization percentages close to 100% by day 28 for all treatment groups. No statically significant differences were observed. Quality of healing analyses demonstrated that the BTM-treated wounds had contracted less and the difference to the IHS-treated wounds was statistically significant (P < .05). As regards to antimicrobial properties, the CFU results showed no statistically significant differences between the OTS therapies and the SOC on days 3, 7, and 14.
Conclusions
The impact of Food and Drug Administration-approved OTS therapies was compared to the current PFC SOC for the treatment of DPT burns in a porcine model. Several topical options exist for the management of burns prior to definitive treatment in the operating room and warrant further evaluation. These therapies are actively used on civilian burn counterparts and have far-forward, field-deployable potential for use at the point of injury so that injured service members may not need evacuation to higher roles of care and combat power may be preserved. Our results demonstrated that all the studied OTS therapies performed well when compared to the SOC in terms of burn wound progression, wound healing, quality of healing, and quantitative bacteriology.</description><subject>Bacteriology</subject><subject>Burns</subject><subject>Debridement</subject><subject>Wound healing</subject><issn>0026-4075</issn><issn>1930-613X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkM1Lw0AQxRdRsFavnhe86CHtfmQ3yVFLq4VKhVbwFrabiU3ZZONuUvC_d0s8efE0MPN7j3kPoVtKJpRkfFpXpoZi2nulKY3P0IhmnESS8o9zNCKEySgmibhEV94fCKFxltIRqudHZXrVVbbBtsRb21ZaGbwuy2i7h2izBxO2e3CqrcDjzuJl3Tp7BPzmrLHNJxR4UYEp8Ew5OFk89a6Jls2hd-G0AXesNOBXqHfg_DW6KJXxcPM7x-h9Md_OXqLV-nk5e1xFmidxF8WSlWVa0J3WDCTjMsuSIpGEMa6kYikIlYiESqkEIyXnqQ5ZYqYF2RWpTBgfo_vBN7z61YPv8rryGoxRDdje50zKUBlJhQjo3R_0YEOC8F3OieBciiyhgZoMlHbWewdl3rqqVu47pyQ_tZ8P7ee_7QfBwyCwffsf-wP9EodA</recordid><startdate>20230829</startdate><enddate>20230829</enddate><creator>Varon, David E</creator><creator>Carlsson, Anders H</creator><creator>Cooper, Laura E</creator><creator>Chapa, Javier</creator><creator>Valdera, Franklin A</creator><creator>Christy, Sean</creator><creator>Christy, Robert J</creator><creator>Chan, Rodney K</creator><creator>Nuutila, Kristo J</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>4T-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5323-6194</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230829</creationdate><title>Evaluation of Topical Off-The-Shelf Therapies to Improve Prolonged Field Care of Burn-Injured Service Members</title><author>Varon, David E ; Carlsson, Anders H ; Cooper, Laura E ; Chapa, Javier ; Valdera, Franklin A ; Christy, Sean ; Christy, Robert J ; Chan, Rodney K ; Nuutila, Kristo J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c374t-462ff8d1bcc2e6236997d760223a6a28e5a757166a520f338c98142c50bd86723</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Bacteriology</topic><topic>Burns</topic><topic>Debridement</topic><topic>Wound healing</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Varon, David E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carlsson, Anders H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cooper, Laura E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chapa, Javier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valdera, Franklin A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Christy, Sean</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Christy, Robert J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, Rodney K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nuutila, Kristo J</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Docstoc</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Military medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Varon, David E</au><au>Carlsson, Anders H</au><au>Cooper, Laura E</au><au>Chapa, Javier</au><au>Valdera, Franklin A</au><au>Christy, Sean</au><au>Christy, Robert J</au><au>Chan, Rodney K</au><au>Nuutila, Kristo J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluation of Topical Off-The-Shelf Therapies to Improve Prolonged Field Care of Burn-Injured Service Members</atitle><jtitle>Military medicine</jtitle><date>2023-08-29</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>188</volume><issue>9-10</issue><spage>3034</spage><epage>3044</epage><pages>3034-3044</pages><issn>0026-4075</issn><eissn>1930-613X</eissn><abstract>ABSTRACT
Introduction
Burns are common injuries on the battlefield. Given austere environments, surgical debridement of injured service members is often not feasible in these settings. Delays in surgical debridement create a risk of infection and deranged healing for burn patients. As such, this study attempts to identify the best commercially available off-the-shelf (OTS) therapies with field-deployable potential to improve prolonged field care (PFC) of burn-injured soldiers.
Methods
Deep partial-thickness (DPT) burns (25 cm2) were created on the dorsum of 5 anesthetized pigs utilizing a thermocouple burn device at 100°C for 15 seconds. Nonsurgical debridement was done 1-hour after burn creation using sterile saline water and gauze to remove excess eschar tissue. Animals were then randomized into 5 experimental groups, and OTS therapies were applied to 6 of the 12 created DPT burns. The remaining 6 burns were treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine cream (Ascend Laboratories, LLC, Parsippany, NJ) as the PFC standard of care (SOC) controls. The 5 randomized OTS therapies were: irradiated sterile human skin allograft (IHS), biodegradable temporizing matrix (BTM), polylactic acid skin substitute, hyaluronic acid ester matrix (HAM), and decellularized fish skin graft (FSG). Wounds were serially assessed on post-burn days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Assessments were conducted using a combination of photographs, histology, and quantitative bacteriology. Endpoints included burn wound progression, re-epithelialization, wound contraction, scar elevation index, and colony-forming units (CFU).
Results
The analysis demonstrated that by day 3, the FSG prevented burn wound progression the most efficiently. In terms of wound healing, the results showed re-epithelialization percentages close to 100% by day 28 for all treatment groups. No statically significant differences were observed. Quality of healing analyses demonstrated that the BTM-treated wounds had contracted less and the difference to the IHS-treated wounds was statistically significant (P < .05). As regards to antimicrobial properties, the CFU results showed no statistically significant differences between the OTS therapies and the SOC on days 3, 7, and 14.
Conclusions
The impact of Food and Drug Administration-approved OTS therapies was compared to the current PFC SOC for the treatment of DPT burns in a porcine model. Several topical options exist for the management of burns prior to definitive treatment in the operating room and warrant further evaluation. These therapies are actively used on civilian burn counterparts and have far-forward, field-deployable potential for use at the point of injury so that injured service members may not need evacuation to higher roles of care and combat power may be preserved. Our results demonstrated that all the studied OTS therapies performed well when compared to the SOC in terms of burn wound progression, wound healing, quality of healing, and quantitative bacteriology.</abstract><cop>US</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><doi>10.1093/milmed/usac114</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5323-6194</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Military medicine, 2023-08, Vol.188 (9-10), p.3034-3044 |
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| source | OUP_牛津大学出版社现刊; EZB Electronic Journals Library |
| subjects | Bacteriology Burns Debridement Wound healing |
| title | Evaluation of Topical Off-The-Shelf Therapies to Improve Prolonged Field Care of Burn-Injured Service Members |
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