Conversion of oxybenzone sunscreen to phototoxic glucoside conjugates by sea anemones and corals
The reported toxicity of oxybenzone-based sunscreens to corals has raised concerns about the impacts of ecotourist-shed sunscreens on corals already weakened by global stressors. However, oxybenzone's toxicity mechanism(s) are not understood, hampering development of safer sunscreens. We found...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2022-05, Vol.376 (6593), p.644-648 |
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| creator | Vuckovic, Djordje Tinoco, Amanda I Ling, Lorraine Renicke, Christian Pringle, John R Mitch, William A |
| description | The reported toxicity of oxybenzone-based sunscreens to corals has raised concerns about the impacts of ecotourist-shed sunscreens on corals already weakened by global stressors. However, oxybenzone's toxicity mechanism(s) are not understood, hampering development of safer sunscreens. We found that oxybenzone caused high mortality of a sea anemone under simulated sunlight including ultraviolet (UV) radiation (290 to 370 nanometers). Although oxybenzone itself protected against UV-induced photo-oxidation, both the anemone and a mushroom coral formed oxybenzone-glucoside conjugates that were strong photo-oxidants. Algal symbionts sequestered these conjugates, and mortality correlated with conjugate concentrations in animal cytoplasm. Higher mortality in anemones that lacked symbionts suggests an enhanced risk from oxybenzone to corals bleached by rising temperatures. Because many commercial sunscreens contain structurally related chemicals, understanding metabolite phototoxicity should facilitate the development of coral-safe products. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1126/science.abn2600 |
| format | Article |
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However, oxybenzone's toxicity mechanism(s) are not understood, hampering development of safer sunscreens. We found that oxybenzone caused high mortality of a sea anemone under simulated sunlight including ultraviolet (UV) radiation (290 to 370 nanometers). Although oxybenzone itself protected against UV-induced photo-oxidation, both the anemone and a mushroom coral formed oxybenzone-glucoside conjugates that were strong photo-oxidants. Algal symbionts sequestered these conjugates, and mortality correlated with conjugate concentrations in animal cytoplasm. Higher mortality in anemones that lacked symbionts suggests an enhanced risk from oxybenzone to corals bleached by rising temperatures. 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| identifier | ISSN: 0036-8075 |
| ispartof | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 2022-05, Vol.376 (6593), p.644-648 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Science Magazine |
| subjects | Algae Animals Anthozoa Benzophenone Benzophenones Bleaching Conjugates Coral reefs Corals Damage Glucosides - toxicity Sea Anemones Sun screens Sunscreen Sunscreening Agents - toxicity Sunscreens Symbionts Ultraviolet radiation |
| title | Conversion of oxybenzone sunscreen to phototoxic glucoside conjugates by sea anemones and corals |
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