Physical, chemical, and microbial feedbacks controlling brine geochemistry and lake morphology in polyextreme salar environments

Despite the harsh environmental conditions in the world's oldest and driest desert, some salt flat or ‘salar’ environments in the Atacama Desert host standing bodies of water known as saline lakes. Evaporite minerals deposited within saline lakes result from the equilibrium of environmental, se...

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Veröffentlicht in:The Science of the total environment 2022-08, Vol.836, p.155378-155378, Article 155378
Hauptverfasser: Oehlert, Amanda M., Suosaari, Erica P., Kong, Tianshu, Piggot, Alan M., Maizel, Daniela, Lascu, Ioan, Demergasso, Cecilia, Chong Díaz, Guillermo, Reid, R. Pamela
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container_title The Science of the total environment
container_volume 836
creator Oehlert, Amanda M.
Suosaari, Erica P.
Kong, Tianshu
Piggot, Alan M.
Maizel, Daniela
Lascu, Ioan
Demergasso, Cecilia
Chong Díaz, Guillermo
Reid, R. Pamela
description Despite the harsh environmental conditions in the world's oldest and driest desert, some salt flat or ‘salar’ environments in the Atacama Desert host standing bodies of water known as saline lakes. Evaporite minerals deposited within saline lakes result from the equilibrium of environmental, sedimentological, and biogeochemical processes that occur in the salar; consequently, these minerals are sensitive records of human activities and ecological, evolutionary, and geological changes. The objective of this study was to evaluate feedbacks between physical, chemical, and microbial processes that culminate in distinct trends in brine chemistry, saline lake morphology, and associated evaporite sediments. Using samples from the Puquios of the Salar de Llamara, Atacama Desert, northern Chile, an analysis of spatial gradients and vertical stratification of lake elemental chemistry and mineral saturation indices were integrated with a comprehensive analysis of lake morphology, including depth, slope gradient, substrate type, and mineralogy. Lake waters ranged from saline to hypersaline, and exhibited normal, well mixed and inverse stratification patterns, and results suggest a correlation with lake morphology in the Salar de Llamara. Saline to hypersaline lakes (>150 mS/cm) with stratified brines tended to have crystalline substrate and deep (>35 cm) and steep-sided lake morphologies, while unstratified lakes with lower electrical conductivity (
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Using samples from the Puquios of the Salar de Llamara, Atacama Desert, northern Chile, an analysis of spatial gradients and vertical stratification of lake elemental chemistry and mineral saturation indices were integrated with a comprehensive analysis of lake morphology, including depth, slope gradient, substrate type, and mineralogy. Lake waters ranged from saline to hypersaline, and exhibited normal, well mixed and inverse stratification patterns, and results suggest a correlation with lake morphology in the Salar de Llamara. Saline to hypersaline lakes (&gt;150 mS/cm) with stratified brines tended to have crystalline substrate and deep (&gt;35 cm) and steep-sided lake morphologies, while unstratified lakes with lower electrical conductivity (&lt;90 mS/cm and microbial substrates had gentle slopes and characteristically shallow depths (&lt;30 cm). 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Differences in minor element chemistry (Mn and Sr) between saline lakes were observed on scales of meters to kilometers, and result in different accessory mineral assemblages. Quantification of the physical, chemical, and microbial feedbacks that produce the observed heterogeneity in these ecosystems provides key insight into the geochemical composition and lake morphology of saline lakes in extreme environments around the world. 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subjects Atacama Desert
Desert
Ecosystem
Feedback
Geochemistry
Humans
Lake morphology
Lakes
Salar
Saline lake
Salts
Saturation state
title Physical, chemical, and microbial feedbacks controlling brine geochemistry and lake morphology in polyextreme salar environments
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