A study of type I polar stratospheric cloud formation
Mechanisms for the formation of Type I (nitric acid-based) polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are discussed. If the pre-existing sulfate aerosols are liquid prior to PSC formation, then nitric acid particles (Type Ib) form by HNO3 dissolution in aqueous H2SO4 solution droplets. This process does not...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Geophysical Research Letters 1994-07, Vol.21 (15), p.1619-1622 |
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| container_issue | 15 |
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| container_title | Geophysical Research Letters |
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| creator | Tabazadeh, A. Turco, R. P. Drdla, K. Jacobson, M. Z. Toon, O. B. |
| description | Mechanisms for the formation of Type I (nitric acid-based) polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are discussed. If the pre-existing sulfate aerosols are liquid prior to PSC formation, then nitric acid particles (Type Ib) form by HNO3 dissolution in aqueous H2SO4 solution droplets. This process does not require a nucleation step for the formation of HNO3 aerosols, so most pre-existing aerosols grow to become relatively small HNO3-containing particles. At significantly lower temperatures, the resulting supercooled solutions (Type Ib) may freeze to form HNO3 ice particles (Type Ia). If the pre-existing sulfate aerosols are initially solid before PSC formation, then HNO3 vapor can be deposited directly on the frozen sulfate particles. However, because an energy barrier to the condensation exists a nucleation mechanism is involved. Here, we suggest a unique nucleation mechanism that involves formation of HNO3/H20 solutions on the sulfate ice particles. These nucleation processes may be highly selective, resulting in the formation of relatively small number of large particles. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/94GL01368 |
| format | Article |
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P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Drdla, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jacobson, M. Z.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toon, O. B.</creatorcontrib><title>A study of type I polar stratospheric cloud formation</title><title>Geophysical Research Letters</title><addtitle>Geophys. Res. Lett</addtitle><description>Mechanisms for the formation of Type I (nitric acid-based) polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are discussed. If the pre-existing sulfate aerosols are liquid prior to PSC formation, then nitric acid particles (Type Ib) form by HNO3 dissolution in aqueous H2SO4 solution droplets. This process does not require a nucleation step for the formation of HNO3 aerosols, so most pre-existing aerosols grow to become relatively small HNO3-containing particles. At significantly lower temperatures, the resulting supercooled solutions (Type Ib) may freeze to form HNO3 ice particles (Type Ia). If the pre-existing sulfate aerosols are initially solid before PSC formation, then HNO3 vapor can be deposited directly on the frozen sulfate particles. However, because an energy barrier to the condensation exists a nucleation mechanism is involved. Here, we suggest a unique nucleation mechanism that involves formation of HNO3/H20 solutions on the sulfate ice particles. These nucleation processes may be highly selective, resulting in the formation of relatively small number of large particles.</description><subject>Aerosols</subject><subject>Atmospheric composition. Chemical and photochemical reactions</subject><subject>CLOUDS</subject><subject>Deposition</subject><subject>Droplets</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>External geophysics</subject><subject>Frozen</subject><subject>Liquids</subject><subject>Meteorology And Climatology</subject><subject>NITRIC ACID</subject><subject>NUCLEATION</subject><subject>Physics of the high neutral atmosphere</subject><subject>POLAR REGIONS</subject><subject>STRATOSPHERE</subject><subject>Sulfates</subject><subject>SULFURIC ACID</subject><issn>0094-8276</issn><issn>1944-8007</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1994</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>CYI</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc9rFDEYhoMouFYP3j3MQaQepv3yOzmWxa7FxYpWBC8hk0lodHYyJll0_3unTtmbekpInvf5PngReo7hDAPR55pttoCpUA_QCmvGWgUgH6IVgJ7vRIrH6Ekp3wCAAsUrxC-aUvf9oUmhqYfJN1fNlAab59dsayrTrc_RNW5I-74JKe9sjWl8ih4FOxT_7P48QZ8v39ys37bb683V-mLbOs6AtazjriNEux560vnQSW0pIwFjAZJqJa0lXknXKXCehI4KwVVHXODeMtFzeoKaxZtKjaa4WL27dWkcvauGckHxjLxakCmnH3tfqtnF4vww2NGnfTFEcMm5pP8FscKaqj_G03-DnGhNOFVqRl8vqMuplOyDmXLc2XwwGMxdH-bYx8y-vNfa4uwQsh1dLMcAIxwE0zN2tmA_4-APf_eZzcetFJLNgRdLYLTFmrHmeUOtOQBTUt6NbZfvWKr_dfTZ_N0ISSU3X95vzI348Anerb8aSX8Dm1ys8A</recordid><startdate>19940715</startdate><enddate>19940715</enddate><creator>Tabazadeh, A.</creator><creator>Turco, R. 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B.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5404-4b5cb229cd0d2befb79a342f116073987aa2e87cb80ce2fb36658b2cf5ea46d53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1994</creationdate><topic>Aerosols</topic><topic>Atmospheric composition. 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P.</au><au>Drdla, K.</au><au>Jacobson, M. Z.</au><au>Toon, O. B.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A study of type I polar stratospheric cloud formation</atitle><jtitle>Geophysical Research Letters</jtitle><addtitle>Geophys. Res. Lett</addtitle><date>1994-07-15</date><risdate>1994</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>15</issue><spage>1619</spage><epage>1622</epage><pages>1619-1622</pages><issn>0094-8276</issn><eissn>1944-8007</eissn><coden>GPRLAJ</coden><abstract>Mechanisms for the formation of Type I (nitric acid-based) polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are discussed. If the pre-existing sulfate aerosols are liquid prior to PSC formation, then nitric acid particles (Type Ib) form by HNO3 dissolution in aqueous H2SO4 solution droplets. This process does not require a nucleation step for the formation of HNO3 aerosols, so most pre-existing aerosols grow to become relatively small HNO3-containing particles. At significantly lower temperatures, the resulting supercooled solutions (Type Ib) may freeze to form HNO3 ice particles (Type Ia). If the pre-existing sulfate aerosols are initially solid before PSC formation, then HNO3 vapor can be deposited directly on the frozen sulfate particles. However, because an energy barrier to the condensation exists a nucleation mechanism is involved. Here, we suggest a unique nucleation mechanism that involves formation of HNO3/H20 solutions on the sulfate ice particles. These nucleation processes may be highly selective, resulting in the formation of relatively small number of large particles.</abstract><cop>Legacy CDMS</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1029/94GL01368</doi><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Geophysical Research Letters, 1994-07, Vol.21 (15), p.1619-1622 |
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| source | Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals; NASA Technical Reports Server |
| subjects | Aerosols Atmospheric composition. Chemical and photochemical reactions CLOUDS Deposition Droplets Earth, ocean, space ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Exact sciences and technology External geophysics Frozen Liquids Meteorology And Climatology NITRIC ACID NUCLEATION Physics of the high neutral atmosphere POLAR REGIONS STRATOSPHERE Sulfates SULFURIC ACID |
| title | A study of type I polar stratospheric cloud formation |
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