Late N1 and postimperative negative variation analysis depending on the previous trial history in paradigms of increasing auditory complexity

Predictive coding reflects the ability of the human brain to extract environmental patterns in order to reformulate previous expectations. The present report analyzes through the late N1 auditory component and the postimperative negative variation (PINV) the updating of predictions regarding the characteristics of a new trial, depending on the previous trial history, complexity, and type of trial (standard or deviant). Data were obtained from 31 healthy subjects recorded in a previous study based on two paradigms composed of stimulus sequences of decreasing or increasing frequencies intermingled with the sporadic appearance of unexpected tone endings. Our results showed a higher amplitude for the most complex condition and deviant trials for both the late N1 and PINV components. Additionally, the N1 and PINV presented a different amplitude response to the standard and deviant trials as a function of previous trial history, suggesting a continuous updating of trial categorization. The results suggest that the late N1 and PINV components are involved in the generation of an internal model about the rules of external auditory stimulation. The present study showed a higher amplitude for the late N1 and the PINV with reference to both the prediction performed in auditory paradigms of higher abstraction and the unexpected breaking of the extracted rules. Additionally, both components were modulated depending on the local probability, which would suggest that they are continuously being updated by the previous stimulus history.