The Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Online Sales of HIV Self-Test Kits and Implications for HIV Prevention: Analysis of Transaction Data from a Leading E-commerce Platform in China
The effect of the COVID-19 epidemic on HIV self-testing (HIVST) remains unclear. We aimed to quantify the impact of COVID-restrictions on HIVST kit purchasing behaviors in mainland China. De-identified transaction data were retrieved from a large online shopping platform. An interrupted time series...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2022-08, Vol.90 (4), p.408-417 |
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| container_title | Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) |
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| creator | Luo, Ganfeng Su, Lingyun Hu, Yuqing Zhou, Yiguo Sun, Yinghui Feng, Anping Lin, Yi-Fan Wu, Xinsheng Zou, Huachun |
| description | The effect of the COVID-19 epidemic on HIV self-testing (HIVST) remains unclear. We aimed to quantify the impact of COVID-restrictions on HIVST kit purchasing behaviors in mainland China.
De-identified transaction data were retrieved from a large online shopping platform. An interrupted time series model was constructed to examine the impact of COVID-restrictions on the weekly number of anonymous customers purchasing HIVST kits, online orders, and purchased kits.
A total of 2.32 million individuals submitted 4.46 million orders for 4.84 million HIVST kits between 7 January 2016 and 22 April 2020. Compared to expected levels assuming COVID-19 epidemic and related restrictions had not happened, the number of purchasers, orders, and kits decreased by an estimated 10,500 (51.7%), 18,000 (55.3%) and 18,500 (54.9%) in the first week (23 January 2020 to 29 January 2020) after COVID-restrictions were implemented, respectively. As restrictions eased, the number of purchasers, orders, and kits increased by an average of 7.4%, 4.8%, and 4.9% per week, respectively. In the first week after COVID-restrictions were lifted (9 April 2020 to 15 April 2020), the number of purchasers returned to expected levels, whereas the number of orders and kits were still lower than expected levels. The impact of COVID-restrictions on outcomes at the beginning of COVID-restrictions and the increasing trends of outcomes were larger among those living in regions with higher COVID-19 incidence (e.g., Wuhan city and Hubei province).
Online sales of HIVST kits were significantly impacted by COVID-restrictions, and HIVST kit purchasing patterns returned to expected levels after restrictions were lifted. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002997 |
| format | Article |
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De-identified transaction data were retrieved from a large online shopping platform. An interrupted time series model was constructed to examine the impact of COVID-restrictions on the weekly number of anonymous customers purchasing HIVST kits, online orders, and purchased kits.
A total of 2.32 million individuals submitted 4.46 million orders for 4.84 million HIVST kits between 7 January 2016 and 22 April 2020. Compared to expected levels assuming COVID-19 epidemic and related restrictions had not happened, the number of purchasers, orders, and kits decreased by an estimated 10,500 (51.7%), 18,000 (55.3%) and 18,500 (54.9%) in the first week (23 January 2020 to 29 January 2020) after COVID-restrictions were implemented, respectively. As restrictions eased, the number of purchasers, orders, and kits increased by an average of 7.4%, 4.8%, and 4.9% per week, respectively. In the first week after COVID-restrictions were lifted (9 April 2020 to 15 April 2020), the number of purchasers returned to expected levels, whereas the number of orders and kits were still lower than expected levels. The impact of COVID-restrictions on outcomes at the beginning of COVID-restrictions and the increasing trends of outcomes were larger among those living in regions with higher COVID-19 incidence (e.g., Wuhan city and Hubei province).
Online sales of HIVST kits were significantly impacted by COVID-restrictions, and HIVST kit purchasing patterns returned to expected levels after restrictions were lifted.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1525-4135</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1944-7884</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002997</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35394989</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes</publisher><subject>Constrictions ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; Electronic commerce ; Epidemics ; HIV ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Online sales ; Privacy ; Public health ; Purchasing ; Sales ; Self testing ; Self tests</subject><ispartof>Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2022-08, Vol.90 (4), p.408-417</ispartof><rights>JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes</rights><rights>Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3106-398942d0ed39e660e3803612f560155d3a0b43324f7e1a7ea1d8e24339ad686e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3106-398942d0ed39e660e3803612f560155d3a0b43324f7e1a7ea1d8e24339ad686e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttp://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&NEWS=n&CSC=Y&PAGE=fulltext&D=ovft&AN=00126334-202208010-00006$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwolterskluwer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,4595,27905,27906,65212</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35394989$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Luo, Ganfeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Su, Lingyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Yuqing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Yiguo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Yinghui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feng, Anping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Yi-Fan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Xinsheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zou, Huachun</creatorcontrib><title>The Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Online Sales of HIV Self-Test Kits and Implications for HIV Prevention: Analysis of Transaction Data from a Leading E-commerce Platform in China</title><title>Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)</title><addtitle>J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr</addtitle><description>The effect of the COVID-19 epidemic on HIV self-testing (HIVST) remains unclear. We aimed to quantify the impact of COVID-restrictions on HIVST kit purchasing behaviors in mainland China.
De-identified transaction data were retrieved from a large online shopping platform. An interrupted time series model was constructed to examine the impact of COVID-restrictions on the weekly number of anonymous customers purchasing HIVST kits, online orders, and purchased kits.
A total of 2.32 million individuals submitted 4.46 million orders for 4.84 million HIVST kits between 7 January 2016 and 22 April 2020. Compared to expected levels assuming COVID-19 epidemic and related restrictions had not happened, the number of purchasers, orders, and kits decreased by an estimated 10,500 (51.7%), 18,000 (55.3%) and 18,500 (54.9%) in the first week (23 January 2020 to 29 January 2020) after COVID-restrictions were implemented, respectively. As restrictions eased, the number of purchasers, orders, and kits increased by an average of 7.4%, 4.8%, and 4.9% per week, respectively. In the first week after COVID-restrictions were lifted (9 April 2020 to 15 April 2020), the number of purchasers returned to expected levels, whereas the number of orders and kits were still lower than expected levels. The impact of COVID-restrictions on outcomes at the beginning of COVID-restrictions and the increasing trends of outcomes were larger among those living in regions with higher COVID-19 incidence (e.g., Wuhan city and Hubei province).
Online sales of HIVST kits were significantly impacted by COVID-restrictions, and HIVST kit purchasing patterns returned to expected levels after restrictions were lifted.</description><subject>Constrictions</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Electronic commerce</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Online sales</subject><subject>Privacy</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Purchasing</subject><subject>Sales</subject><subject>Self testing</subject><subject>Self tests</subject><issn>1525-4135</issn><issn>1944-7884</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpdkctu1DAUhiMEoqXwBghZYsMmxbc4NrtqWuiIkabQodvoNDlhXBx7ameo-mS8Hs5Muaje2Dr6zmf9-oviNaPHjJr6_ZeT-TH973Bj6ifFITNSlrXW8ml-V7wqJRPVQfEipRtKmZLSPC8ORCWMNNocFr9WayTzYQPtSEJPZsur-WnJDPmKaYy2HW3wiQRPlt5Zj-QSHKYJPJ9fkUt0fbnKIPlsx0TAd5PJ2Rb2a32IO-4i4k_00-wDOfHg7pPdOVYRfILdH-QURiB9DAMBskDorP9Ozso2DAPGFsmFgzHrBmI9ma2th5fFsx5cwlcP91Hx7ePZanZeLpaf5rOTRdkKRlUpckjJO4qdMKgURaGpUIz3laKsqjoB9FoKwWVfI4MagXUaeZ4Y6JRWKI6Kd3vvJobbbc7aDDa16Bx4DNvUcCW1NlVteEbfPkJvwjbmvBOlaVUJzetMyT3VxpBSxL7ZRDtAvG8YbaZim1xs87jYvPbmQb69HrD7u_SnyX_eu-BGjOmH295hbNYIblxnH-NKCFlyyjnVlNFyUivxG0f6q7U</recordid><startdate>20220801</startdate><enddate>20220801</enddate><creator>Luo, Ganfeng</creator><creator>Su, Lingyun</creator><creator>Hu, Yuqing</creator><creator>Zhou, Yiguo</creator><creator>Sun, Yinghui</creator><creator>Feng, Anping</creator><creator>Lin, Yi-Fan</creator><creator>Wu, Xinsheng</creator><creator>Zou, Huachun</creator><general>JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes</general><general>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ovid Technologies</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20220801</creationdate><title>The Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Online Sales of HIV Self-Test Kits and Implications for HIV Prevention: Analysis of Transaction Data from a Leading E-commerce Platform in China</title><author>Luo, Ganfeng ; Su, Lingyun ; Hu, Yuqing ; Zhou, Yiguo ; Sun, Yinghui ; Feng, Anping ; Lin, Yi-Fan ; Wu, Xinsheng ; Zou, Huachun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3106-398942d0ed39e660e3803612f560155d3a0b43324f7e1a7ea1d8e24339ad686e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Constrictions</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>Electronic commerce</topic><topic>Epidemics</topic><topic>HIV</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus</topic><topic>Online sales</topic><topic>Privacy</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Purchasing</topic><topic>Sales</topic><topic>Self testing</topic><topic>Self tests</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Luo, Ganfeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Su, Lingyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Yuqing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Yiguo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Yinghui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feng, Anping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Yi-Fan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Xinsheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zou, Huachun</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Luo, Ganfeng</au><au>Su, Lingyun</au><au>Hu, Yuqing</au><au>Zhou, Yiguo</au><au>Sun, Yinghui</au><au>Feng, Anping</au><au>Lin, Yi-Fan</au><au>Wu, Xinsheng</au><au>Zou, Huachun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Online Sales of HIV Self-Test Kits and Implications for HIV Prevention: Analysis of Transaction Data from a Leading E-commerce Platform in China</atitle><jtitle>Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)</jtitle><addtitle>J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr</addtitle><date>2022-08-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>90</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>408</spage><epage>417</epage><pages>408-417</pages><issn>1525-4135</issn><eissn>1944-7884</eissn><abstract>The effect of the COVID-19 epidemic on HIV self-testing (HIVST) remains unclear. We aimed to quantify the impact of COVID-restrictions on HIVST kit purchasing behaviors in mainland China.
De-identified transaction data were retrieved from a large online shopping platform. An interrupted time series model was constructed to examine the impact of COVID-restrictions on the weekly number of anonymous customers purchasing HIVST kits, online orders, and purchased kits.
A total of 2.32 million individuals submitted 4.46 million orders for 4.84 million HIVST kits between 7 January 2016 and 22 April 2020. Compared to expected levels assuming COVID-19 epidemic and related restrictions had not happened, the number of purchasers, orders, and kits decreased by an estimated 10,500 (51.7%), 18,000 (55.3%) and 18,500 (54.9%) in the first week (23 January 2020 to 29 January 2020) after COVID-restrictions were implemented, respectively. As restrictions eased, the number of purchasers, orders, and kits increased by an average of 7.4%, 4.8%, and 4.9% per week, respectively. In the first week after COVID-restrictions were lifted (9 April 2020 to 15 April 2020), the number of purchasers returned to expected levels, whereas the number of orders and kits were still lower than expected levels. The impact of COVID-restrictions on outcomes at the beginning of COVID-restrictions and the increasing trends of outcomes were larger among those living in regions with higher COVID-19 incidence (e.g., Wuhan city and Hubei province).
Online sales of HIVST kits were significantly impacted by COVID-restrictions, and HIVST kit purchasing patterns returned to expected levels after restrictions were lifted.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes</pub><pmid>35394989</pmid><doi>10.1097/QAI.0000000000002997</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1525-4135 |
| ispartof | Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2022-08, Vol.90 (4), p.408-417 |
| issn | 1525-4135 1944-7884 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Journals@Ovid LWW Legacy Archive; Free E- Journals |
| subjects | Constrictions Coronaviruses COVID-19 Electronic commerce Epidemics HIV Human immunodeficiency virus Online sales Privacy Public health Purchasing Sales Self testing Self tests |
| title | The Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Online Sales of HIV Self-Test Kits and Implications for HIV Prevention: Analysis of Transaction Data from a Leading E-commerce Platform in China |
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