The Cytotoxicity, DNA Fragmentation, and Decreasing Velocity Induced By Chromium(III) Oxide on Rainbow Trout Spermatozoa
The present study aimed to determine the cytotoxicity of chromium(III) oxide micro particles (Cr 2 O 3 -Ps) in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) spermatozoa. Firstly, Cr 2 O 3 -Ps were synthesized and structurally characterized the surface, morphological for particle size and thermal properties....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Biological trace element research 2023-02, Vol.201 (2), p.968-983 |
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| creator | Özgür, Mustafa Erkan Ulu, Ahmet Gürses, Canbolat Özcan, İmren Noma, Samir Abbas Ali Köytepe, Süleyman Ateş, Burhan |
| description | The present study aimed to determine the cytotoxicity of chromium(III) oxide micro particles (Cr
2
O
3
-Ps) in rainbow trout (
Oncorhynchus mykiss
) spermatozoa. Firstly, Cr
2
O
3
-Ps were synthesized and structurally characterized the surface, morphological for particle size and thermal properties. In addition, its structural and elemental purity was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum and elemental maps. Structural purity, thermal properties, and stability of Cr
2
O
3
-Ps were also examined in detail by performing thermal analysis techniques. The cytotoxicity of Cr
2
O
3
-Ps was measured by the observation of velocities, antioxidant activities, and DNA damages in rainbow trout spermatozoa after exposure during 3 h in vitro incubation. The straight line velocity (VSL), the curvilinear velocity (VCL), and the angular path velocity (VAP) of spermatozoa decreased after exposure to Cr
2
O
3
-Ps. While the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the catalase (CAT) decreased, the lipid peroxidation increased in a dose-dependent manner. However, the total glutathione (tGSH) was not affected in this period. DNA damages were also determined in spermatozoa using Comet assay. According to DNA in tail (%) data, DNA damages have been detected with gradually increasing concentrations of Cr
2
O
3
-Ps. Furthermore, all of class types which are categorized as the intensity of DNA fragmentation has been observed between 50 and 500 µg/L concentrations of Cr
2
O
3
-Ps exposed to rainbow trout spermatozoa. At the end of this study, we determined that the effective concentrations (EC50) were 76.67 µg/L for VSL and 87.77 µg/L for VCL. Finally, these results about Cr
2
O
3
-Ps may say to be major risk concentrations over 70 µg/L for fish reproduction in aquatic environments. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12011-022-03211-9 |
| format | Article |
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2
O
3
-Ps) in rainbow trout (
Oncorhynchus mykiss
) spermatozoa. Firstly, Cr
2
O
3
-Ps were synthesized and structurally characterized the surface, morphological for particle size and thermal properties. In addition, its structural and elemental purity was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum and elemental maps. Structural purity, thermal properties, and stability of Cr
2
O
3
-Ps were also examined in detail by performing thermal analysis techniques. The cytotoxicity of Cr
2
O
3
-Ps was measured by the observation of velocities, antioxidant activities, and DNA damages in rainbow trout spermatozoa after exposure during 3 h in vitro incubation. The straight line velocity (VSL), the curvilinear velocity (VCL), and the angular path velocity (VAP) of spermatozoa decreased after exposure to Cr
2
O
3
-Ps. While the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the catalase (CAT) decreased, the lipid peroxidation increased in a dose-dependent manner. However, the total glutathione (tGSH) was not affected in this period. DNA damages were also determined in spermatozoa using Comet assay. According to DNA in tail (%) data, DNA damages have been detected with gradually increasing concentrations of Cr
2
O
3
-Ps. Furthermore, all of class types which are categorized as the intensity of DNA fragmentation has been observed between 50 and 500 µg/L concentrations of Cr
2
O
3
-Ps exposed to rainbow trout spermatozoa. At the end of this study, we determined that the effective concentrations (EC50) were 76.67 µg/L for VSL and 87.77 µg/L for VCL. Finally, these results about Cr
2
O
3
-Ps may say to be major risk concentrations over 70 µg/L for fish reproduction in aquatic environments.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0163-4984</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1559-0720</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03211-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35368229</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Angular velocity ; Animals ; Aquatic environment ; Bioassays ; Biochemistry ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biotechnology ; Catalase ; Chromium ; Chromium - toxicity ; Chromium oxides ; Comet assay ; Cytotoxicity ; Damage detection ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; DNA Fragmentation ; Exposure ; Fish ; Fish reproduction ; Fragmentation ; Freshwater fishes ; Glutathione ; Life Sciences ; Lipid peroxidation ; Lipids ; Male ; Nutrition ; Oncology ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Oxides - pharmacology ; Peroxidation ; Purity ; Salmon ; Sperm ; Spermatozoa ; Stability analysis ; Straight lines ; Superoxide dismutase ; Thermal analysis ; Thermal properties ; Thermodynamic properties ; Toxicity ; Toxicity tests ; Trivalent chromium ; Trout ; Velocity</subject><ispartof>Biological trace element research, 2023-02, Vol.201 (2), p.968-983</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022</rights><rights>2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-cdb1e14a3143f217ddf0abd886a3fab087bb4ae68c02f2c5d0ce10c482b2193</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3853-9373 ; 0000-0002-4788-278X ; 0000-0002-4085-0224 ; 0000-0001-6080-229X ; 0000-0002-4447-6233 ; 0000-0002-2966-9627 ; 0000-0003-4165-0045</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12011-022-03211-9$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12011-022-03211-9$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35368229$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Özgür, Mustafa Erkan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ulu, Ahmet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gürses, Canbolat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Özcan, İmren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Noma, Samir Abbas Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Köytepe, Süleyman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ateş, Burhan</creatorcontrib><title>The Cytotoxicity, DNA Fragmentation, and Decreasing Velocity Induced By Chromium(III) Oxide on Rainbow Trout Spermatozoa</title><title>Biological trace element research</title><addtitle>Biol Trace Elem Res</addtitle><addtitle>Biol Trace Elem Res</addtitle><description>The present study aimed to determine the cytotoxicity of chromium(III) oxide micro particles (Cr
2
O
3
-Ps) in rainbow trout (
Oncorhynchus mykiss
) spermatozoa. Firstly, Cr
2
O
3
-Ps were synthesized and structurally characterized the surface, morphological for particle size and thermal properties. In addition, its structural and elemental purity was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum and elemental maps. Structural purity, thermal properties, and stability of Cr
2
O
3
-Ps were also examined in detail by performing thermal analysis techniques. The cytotoxicity of Cr
2
O
3
-Ps was measured by the observation of velocities, antioxidant activities, and DNA damages in rainbow trout spermatozoa after exposure during 3 h in vitro incubation. The straight line velocity (VSL), the curvilinear velocity (VCL), and the angular path velocity (VAP) of spermatozoa decreased after exposure to Cr
2
O
3
-Ps. While the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the catalase (CAT) decreased, the lipid peroxidation increased in a dose-dependent manner. However, the total glutathione (tGSH) was not affected in this period. DNA damages were also determined in spermatozoa using Comet assay. According to DNA in tail (%) data, DNA damages have been detected with gradually increasing concentrations of Cr
2
O
3
-Ps. Furthermore, all of class types which are categorized as the intensity of DNA fragmentation has been observed between 50 and 500 µg/L concentrations of Cr
2
O
3
-Ps exposed to rainbow trout spermatozoa. At the end of this study, we determined that the effective concentrations (EC50) were 76.67 µg/L for VSL and 87.77 µg/L for VCL. Finally, these results about Cr
2
O
3
-Ps may say to be major risk concentrations over 70 µg/L for fish reproduction in aquatic environments.</description><subject>Angular velocity</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Aquatic environment</subject><subject>Bioassays</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Catalase</subject><subject>Chromium</subject><subject>Chromium - toxicity</subject><subject>Chromium oxides</subject><subject>Comet assay</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Damage detection</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA Fragmentation</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Fish</subject><subject>Fish reproduction</subject><subject>Fragmentation</subject><subject>Freshwater fishes</subject><subject>Glutathione</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Lipid peroxidation</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Oncorhynchus mykiss</subject><subject>Oxides - pharmacology</subject><subject>Peroxidation</subject><subject>Purity</subject><subject>Salmon</subject><subject>Sperm</subject><subject>Spermatozoa</subject><subject>Stability analysis</subject><subject>Straight lines</subject><subject>Superoxide dismutase</subject><subject>Thermal analysis</subject><subject>Thermal properties</subject><subject>Thermodynamic properties</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Toxicity tests</subject><subject>Trivalent chromium</subject><subject>Trout</subject><subject>Velocity</subject><issn>0163-4984</issn><issn>1559-0720</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kVFrFDEQx4Mo9qx-AR8k4EuFrk6S3ST7WK9WF4oFe_gaskn2mnKbnEkW7_z07nlVwQefZmB-85-BH0IvCbwlAOJdJhQIqYDSChidu_YRWpCmaSsQFB6jBRDOqrqV9Ql6lvM9ABG0ZU_RCWsYl5S2C7Rb3Tm83JdY4s4bX_bn-PLzBb5Kej26UHTxMZxjHSy-dCY5nX1Y469uEw8s7oKdjLP4_R4v71Ic_TSedV33Bt_svHU4BvxF-9DH73iV4lTw7dalUZf4I-rn6MmgN9m9eKin6Pbqw2r5qbq--dgtL64rwwSUytieOFJrRmo2UCKsHUD3Vkqu2aB7kKLva-24NEAHahoLxhEwtaQ9JS07RWfH1G2K3yaXixp9Nm6z0cHFKSvKa97WnEk2o6__Qe_jlML8m6KC80YKQWCm6JEyKeac3KC2yY867RUBdbCijlbUbEX9sqIOX7x6iJ760dk_K781zAA7AnkehbVLf2__J_YnJxKXkg</recordid><startdate>20230201</startdate><enddate>20230201</enddate><creator>Özgür, Mustafa Erkan</creator><creator>Ulu, Ahmet</creator><creator>Gürses, Canbolat</creator><creator>Özcan, İmren</creator><creator>Noma, Samir Abbas Ali</creator><creator>Köytepe, Süleyman</creator><creator>Ateş, Burhan</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3853-9373</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4788-278X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4085-0224</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6080-229X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4447-6233</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2966-9627</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4165-0045</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230201</creationdate><title>The Cytotoxicity, DNA Fragmentation, and Decreasing Velocity Induced By Chromium(III) Oxide on Rainbow Trout Spermatozoa</title><author>Özgür, Mustafa Erkan ; Ulu, Ahmet ; Gürses, Canbolat ; Özcan, İmren ; Noma, Samir Abbas Ali ; Köytepe, Süleyman ; Ateş, Burhan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-cdb1e14a3143f217ddf0abd886a3fab087bb4ae68c02f2c5d0ce10c482b2193</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Angular velocity</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Aquatic environment</topic><topic>Bioassays</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biotechnology</topic><topic>Catalase</topic><topic>Chromium</topic><topic>Chromium - toxicity</topic><topic>Chromium oxides</topic><topic>Comet assay</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Damage detection</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA Fragmentation</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Fish</topic><topic>Fish reproduction</topic><topic>Fragmentation</topic><topic>Freshwater fishes</topic><topic>Glutathione</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Lipid peroxidation</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Oncology</topic><topic>Oncorhynchus mykiss</topic><topic>Oxides - pharmacology</topic><topic>Peroxidation</topic><topic>Purity</topic><topic>Salmon</topic><topic>Sperm</topic><topic>Spermatozoa</topic><topic>Stability analysis</topic><topic>Straight lines</topic><topic>Superoxide dismutase</topic><topic>Thermal analysis</topic><topic>Thermal properties</topic><topic>Thermodynamic properties</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><topic>Toxicity tests</topic><topic>Trivalent chromium</topic><topic>Trout</topic><topic>Velocity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Özgür, Mustafa Erkan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ulu, Ahmet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gürses, Canbolat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Özcan, İmren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Noma, Samir Abbas Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Köytepe, Süleyman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ateş, Burhan</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Biological trace element research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Özgür, Mustafa Erkan</au><au>Ulu, Ahmet</au><au>Gürses, Canbolat</au><au>Özcan, İmren</au><au>Noma, Samir Abbas Ali</au><au>Köytepe, Süleyman</au><au>Ateş, Burhan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Cytotoxicity, DNA Fragmentation, and Decreasing Velocity Induced By Chromium(III) Oxide on Rainbow Trout Spermatozoa</atitle><jtitle>Biological trace element research</jtitle><stitle>Biol Trace Elem Res</stitle><addtitle>Biol Trace Elem Res</addtitle><date>2023-02-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>201</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>968</spage><epage>983</epage><pages>968-983</pages><issn>0163-4984</issn><eissn>1559-0720</eissn><abstract>The present study aimed to determine the cytotoxicity of chromium(III) oxide micro particles (Cr
2
O
3
-Ps) in rainbow trout (
Oncorhynchus mykiss
) spermatozoa. Firstly, Cr
2
O
3
-Ps were synthesized and structurally characterized the surface, morphological for particle size and thermal properties. In addition, its structural and elemental purity was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum and elemental maps. Structural purity, thermal properties, and stability of Cr
2
O
3
-Ps were also examined in detail by performing thermal analysis techniques. The cytotoxicity of Cr
2
O
3
-Ps was measured by the observation of velocities, antioxidant activities, and DNA damages in rainbow trout spermatozoa after exposure during 3 h in vitro incubation. The straight line velocity (VSL), the curvilinear velocity (VCL), and the angular path velocity (VAP) of spermatozoa decreased after exposure to Cr
2
O
3
-Ps. While the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the catalase (CAT) decreased, the lipid peroxidation increased in a dose-dependent manner. However, the total glutathione (tGSH) was not affected in this period. DNA damages were also determined in spermatozoa using Comet assay. According to DNA in tail (%) data, DNA damages have been detected with gradually increasing concentrations of Cr
2
O
3
-Ps. Furthermore, all of class types which are categorized as the intensity of DNA fragmentation has been observed between 50 and 500 µg/L concentrations of Cr
2
O
3
-Ps exposed to rainbow trout spermatozoa. At the end of this study, we determined that the effective concentrations (EC50) were 76.67 µg/L for VSL and 87.77 µg/L for VCL. Finally, these results about Cr
2
O
3
-Ps may say to be major risk concentrations over 70 µg/L for fish reproduction in aquatic environments.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>35368229</pmid><doi>10.1007/s12011-022-03211-9</doi><tpages>16</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3853-9373</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4788-278X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4085-0224</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6080-229X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4447-6233</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2966-9627</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4165-0045</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0163-4984 |
| ispartof | Biological trace element research, 2023-02, Vol.201 (2), p.968-983 |
| issn | 0163-4984 1559-0720 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2646946383 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Angular velocity Animals Aquatic environment Bioassays Biochemistry Biomedical and Life Sciences Biotechnology Catalase Chromium Chromium - toxicity Chromium oxides Comet assay Cytotoxicity Damage detection Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA Fragmentation Exposure Fish Fish reproduction Fragmentation Freshwater fishes Glutathione Life Sciences Lipid peroxidation Lipids Male Nutrition Oncology Oncorhynchus mykiss Oxides - pharmacology Peroxidation Purity Salmon Sperm Spermatozoa Stability analysis Straight lines Superoxide dismutase Thermal analysis Thermal properties Thermodynamic properties Toxicity Toxicity tests Trivalent chromium Trout Velocity |
| title | The Cytotoxicity, DNA Fragmentation, and Decreasing Velocity Induced By Chromium(III) Oxide on Rainbow Trout Spermatozoa |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-05T09%3A15%3A30IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20Cytotoxicity,%20DNA%20Fragmentation,%20and%20Decreasing%20Velocity%20Induced%20By%20Chromium(III)%20Oxide%20on%20Rainbow%20Trout%20Spermatozoa&rft.jtitle=Biological%20trace%20element%20research&rft.au=%C3%96zg%C3%BCr,%20Mustafa%20Erkan&rft.date=2023-02-01&rft.volume=201&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=968&rft.epage=983&rft.pages=968-983&rft.issn=0163-4984&rft.eissn=1559-0720&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s12011-022-03211-9&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2766587710%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2766587710&rft_id=info:pmid/35368229&rfr_iscdi=true |