A case–control study on the relationship between urine trace element levels and autism spectrum disorder among Iranian children
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a type of neurodevelopmental disorder characterized mainly by qualitative deficiencies in social communication skills, accompanied by repetitive and restricted behavior patterns. This study was conducted to investigate the associations between the risk of ASD develo...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2022-08, Vol.29 (38), p.57287-57295 |
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| creator | Rezaei, Maryam Rezaei, Azam Esmaeili, Aliakbar Nakhaee, Samaneh Azadi, Nemam Ali Mansouri, Borhan |
| description | Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a type of neurodevelopmental disorder characterized mainly by qualitative deficiencies in social communication skills, accompanied by repetitive and restricted behavior patterns. This study was conducted to investigate the associations between the risk of ASD development in children and exposure to trace elements (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn)). Two groups of children, including 44 ASD and 35 typically developing (TD) children, were selected, and their fasting urine samples were obtained. The concentration levels of trace elements were assayed using ICP-MS. The results showed that as compared to the TD group, the concentration levels of As (
p
= 0.002) and Pb (
p
< 0.001) and also Cr (
p
< 0.001), Cu (
p
= 0.001), and Ni (
p
< 0.001) were significantly higher among ASD children. In terms of gender, boys with ASD showed elevated levels of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb, whereas the urine levels of As, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb were markedly higher among girls when compared to the non-ASD children. Under the logistic regression model, the risk difference for As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn remained significant when adjustment was applied for age and gender confounders. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-022-19933-1 |
| format | Article |
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p
= 0.002) and Pb (
p
< 0.001) and also Cr (
p
< 0.001), Cu (
p
= 0.001), and Ni (
p
< 0.001) were significantly higher among ASD children. In terms of gender, boys with ASD showed elevated levels of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb, whereas the urine levels of As, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb were markedly higher among girls when compared to the non-ASD children. Under the logistic regression model, the risk difference for As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn remained significant when adjustment was applied for age and gender confounders.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19933-1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35352223</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Aquatic Pollution ; Arsenic ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Autism ; Cadmium ; Children ; Chromium ; Cobalt ; Communication skills ; Copper ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental science ; Gender ; Lead ; Neurodevelopmental disorders ; Nickel ; Qualitative analysis ; Regression models ; Research Article ; Trace elements ; Urine ; Waste Water Technology ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control ; Zinc</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2022-08, Vol.29 (38), p.57287-57295</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022</rights><rights>2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-44517af60ec8c753d15d6853c2cb58af7b4664c17f163ab1c3fb6b7550f530503</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-44517af60ec8c753d15d6853c2cb58af7b4664c17f163ab1c3fb6b7550f530503</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5411-5362</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-022-19933-1$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-022-19933-1$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,27929,27930,41493,42562,51324</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35352223$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rezaei, Maryam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rezaei, Azam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Esmaeili, Aliakbar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakhaee, Samaneh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azadi, Nemam Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mansouri, Borhan</creatorcontrib><title>A case–control study on the relationship between urine trace element levels and autism spectrum disorder among Iranian children</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a type of neurodevelopmental disorder characterized mainly by qualitative deficiencies in social communication skills, accompanied by repetitive and restricted behavior patterns. This study was conducted to investigate the associations between the risk of ASD development in children and exposure to trace elements (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn)). Two groups of children, including 44 ASD and 35 typically developing (TD) children, were selected, and their fasting urine samples were obtained. The concentration levels of trace elements were assayed using ICP-MS. The results showed that as compared to the TD group, the concentration levels of As (
p
= 0.002) and Pb (
p
< 0.001) and also Cr (
p
< 0.001), Cu (
p
= 0.001), and Ni (
p
< 0.001) were significantly higher among ASD children. In terms of gender, boys with ASD showed elevated levels of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb, whereas the urine levels of As, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb were markedly higher among girls when compared to the non-ASD children. Under the logistic regression model, the risk difference for As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn remained significant when adjustment was applied for age and gender confounders.</description><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Arsenic</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Autism</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Chromium</subject><subject>Cobalt</subject><subject>Communication skills</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Neurodevelopmental disorders</subject><subject>Nickel</subject><subject>Qualitative analysis</subject><subject>Regression models</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Trace elements</subject><subject>Urine</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution 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case–control study on the relationship between urine trace element levels and autism spectrum disorder among Iranian children</title><author>Rezaei, Maryam ; Rezaei, Azam ; Esmaeili, Aliakbar ; Nakhaee, Samaneh ; Azadi, Nemam Ali ; Mansouri, Borhan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-44517af60ec8c753d15d6853c2cb58af7b4664c17f163ab1c3fb6b7550f530503</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Aquatic Pollution</topic><topic>Arsenic</topic><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>Autism</topic><topic>Cadmium</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Chromium</topic><topic>Cobalt</topic><topic>Communication skills</topic><topic>Copper</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Chemistry</topic><topic>Environmental 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Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rezaei, Maryam</au><au>Rezaei, Azam</au><au>Esmaeili, Aliakbar</au><au>Nakhaee, Samaneh</au><au>Azadi, Nemam Ali</au><au>Mansouri, Borhan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A case–control study on the relationship between urine trace element levels and autism spectrum disorder among Iranian children</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2022-08-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>29</volume><issue>38</issue><spage>57287</spage><epage>57295</epage><pages>57287-57295</pages><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a type of neurodevelopmental disorder characterized mainly by qualitative deficiencies in social communication skills, accompanied by repetitive and restricted behavior patterns. This study was conducted to investigate the associations between the risk of ASD development in children and exposure to trace elements (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn)). Two groups of children, including 44 ASD and 35 typically developing (TD) children, were selected, and their fasting urine samples were obtained. The concentration levels of trace elements were assayed using ICP-MS. The results showed that as compared to the TD group, the concentration levels of As (
p
= 0.002) and Pb (
p
< 0.001) and also Cr (
p
< 0.001), Cu (
p
= 0.001), and Ni (
p
< 0.001) were significantly higher among ASD children. In terms of gender, boys with ASD showed elevated levels of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb, whereas the urine levels of As, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb were markedly higher among girls when compared to the non-ASD children. Under the logistic regression model, the risk difference for As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn remained significant when adjustment was applied for age and gender confounders.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>35352223</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-022-19933-1</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5411-5362</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Environmental science and pollution research international, 2022-08, Vol.29 (38), p.57287-57295 |
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| source | SpringerNature Journals |
| subjects | Aquatic Pollution Arsenic Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Autism Cadmium Children Chromium Cobalt Communication skills Copper Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Gender Lead Neurodevelopmental disorders Nickel Qualitative analysis Regression models Research Article Trace elements Urine Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control Zinc |
| title | A case–control study on the relationship between urine trace element levels and autism spectrum disorder among Iranian children |
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