Are Perineal Massage and Instrument-Assisted Perineal Stretching With Short Protocol Effective for Increasing Pelvic Floor Muscle Extensibility? A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to compare (1) the effects of the instrument-assisted perineal stretching technique with different application protocols in combination with perineal massage and (2) the effects of the isolated techniques on the extensibility and strength of the pelvi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PTJ: Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Journal 2022-03, Vol.102 (3), p.1 |
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| creator | Cabral, Alana Leandro de Freitas, Síssi Sisconeto Pinto, Rogério de Melo Costa Resende, Ana Paula Magalhães Pereira-Baldon, Vanessa Santos |
| description | Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study was to compare (1) the effects of the instrument-assisted perineal stretching technique with different application protocols in combination with perineal massage and (2) the effects of the isolated techniques on the extensibility and strength of the pelvic floor muscles (PFMs).
Methods
A randomized controlled clinical trial with parallel randomization, assessor blinding, and concealed allocation was conducted in the Campus Physical Education at the Federal University of Uberlândia in Brazil. Ninety-six pregnant women (18–40 years of age) were allocated into 4 groups: perineal massage (PnM) group (PnM protocol for 10 minutes); instrument-assisted perineal stretching with a long static protocol for 15 minutes [IStrLS group]); PnM + IStrLS group (both techniques applied in the 2 previous groups); and PnM + IStrSR group (the same techniques as used in the PnM + IStrLS group but with a short repeated protocol; 4 sets lasting 30 seconds each). Eight interventions were performed in all 4 groups twice weekly (beginning at the 34th gestational week). The primary outcome was PFM extensibility, assessed using vaginal dilator circumference, and the secondary outcome was PFM strength, assessed using vaginal manometry.
Results
For the PFM extensibility variable, a significant main effect of time (F2,88 = 87.951) and group (F3,88 = 7.193) was found. Tukey post hoc test results showed that the PnM + IStrSR group presented greater extensibility than the PnM and IStrLS groups. The PnM group showed increased PFM strength after 8 sessions compared with the other groups.
Conclusions
Women who were pregnant and received the combination of perineal massage and instrument-assisted perineal stretching with short repeated application had a greater increase in PFM extensibility than perineal massage and instrument-assisted perineal stretching alone.
Impact
The combination of perineal massage and instrument-assisted perineal stretching techniques with a short, repeated protocol led to better PFM extensibility results than the application of the techniques alone in women who were pregnant.
Lay summary
Pregnant women can benefit from intervention using the combination of perineal massage and instrument-assisted perineal stretching techniques with a short, repeated protocol. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/ptj/pzab305 |
| format | Article |
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Objective
The purpose of this study was to compare (1) the effects of the instrument-assisted perineal stretching technique with different application protocols in combination with perineal massage and (2) the effects of the isolated techniques on the extensibility and strength of the pelvic floor muscles (PFMs).
Methods
A randomized controlled clinical trial with parallel randomization, assessor blinding, and concealed allocation was conducted in the Campus Physical Education at the Federal University of Uberlândia in Brazil. Ninety-six pregnant women (18–40 years of age) were allocated into 4 groups: perineal massage (PnM) group (PnM protocol for 10 minutes); instrument-assisted perineal stretching with a long static protocol for 15 minutes [IStrLS group]); PnM + IStrLS group (both techniques applied in the 2 previous groups); and PnM + IStrSR group (the same techniques as used in the PnM + IStrLS group but with a short repeated protocol; 4 sets lasting 30 seconds each). Eight interventions were performed in all 4 groups twice weekly (beginning at the 34th gestational week). The primary outcome was PFM extensibility, assessed using vaginal dilator circumference, and the secondary outcome was PFM strength, assessed using vaginal manometry.
Results
For the PFM extensibility variable, a significant main effect of time (F2,88 = 87.951) and group (F3,88 = 7.193) was found. Tukey post hoc test results showed that the PnM + IStrSR group presented greater extensibility than the PnM and IStrLS groups. The PnM group showed increased PFM strength after 8 sessions compared with the other groups.
Conclusions
Women who were pregnant and received the combination of perineal massage and instrument-assisted perineal stretching with short repeated application had a greater increase in PFM extensibility than perineal massage and instrument-assisted perineal stretching alone.
Impact
The combination of perineal massage and instrument-assisted perineal stretching techniques with a short, repeated protocol led to better PFM extensibility results than the application of the techniques alone in women who were pregnant.
Lay summary
Pregnant women can benefit from intervention using the combination of perineal massage and instrument-assisted perineal stretching techniques with a short, repeated protocol.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0031-9023</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1538-6724</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzab305</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35258595</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Demographic aspects ; Evaluation ; Female ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Manometry ; Massage ; Methods ; Pelvic floor ; Pelvic Floor - physiology ; Pelvis ; Perineum ; Physical therapy ; Physiological aspects ; Pregnancy ; Stretching ; Stretching exercises ; Therapeutics, Physiological ; Vagina ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PTJ: Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Journal, 2022-03, Vol.102 (3), p.1</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Physical Therapy Association. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com 2022</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Physical Therapy Association. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Oxford University Press</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Physical Therapy Association. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c630t-8bdb54f743000b84f5152e49223d85661468bb688a593db91b1185c96ad28a663</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c630t-8bdb54f743000b84f5152e49223d85661468bb688a593db91b1185c96ad28a663</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4297-4984</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35258595$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cabral, Alana Leandro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Freitas, Síssi Sisconeto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pinto, Rogério de Melo Costa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Resende, Ana Paula Magalhães</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pereira-Baldon, Vanessa Santos</creatorcontrib><title>Are Perineal Massage and Instrument-Assisted Perineal Stretching With Short Protocol Effective for Increasing Pelvic Floor Muscle Extensibility? A Randomized Controlled Trial</title><title>PTJ: Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Journal</title><addtitle>Phys Ther</addtitle><description>Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study was to compare (1) the effects of the instrument-assisted perineal stretching technique with different application protocols in combination with perineal massage and (2) the effects of the isolated techniques on the extensibility and strength of the pelvic floor muscles (PFMs).
Methods
A randomized controlled clinical trial with parallel randomization, assessor blinding, and concealed allocation was conducted in the Campus Physical Education at the Federal University of Uberlândia in Brazil. Ninety-six pregnant women (18–40 years of age) were allocated into 4 groups: perineal massage (PnM) group (PnM protocol for 10 minutes); instrument-assisted perineal stretching with a long static protocol for 15 minutes [IStrLS group]); PnM + IStrLS group (both techniques applied in the 2 previous groups); and PnM + IStrSR group (the same techniques as used in the PnM + IStrLS group but with a short repeated protocol; 4 sets lasting 30 seconds each). Eight interventions were performed in all 4 groups twice weekly (beginning at the 34th gestational week). The primary outcome was PFM extensibility, assessed using vaginal dilator circumference, and the secondary outcome was PFM strength, assessed using vaginal manometry.
Results
For the PFM extensibility variable, a significant main effect of time (F2,88 = 87.951) and group (F3,88 = 7.193) was found. Tukey post hoc test results showed that the PnM + IStrSR group presented greater extensibility than the PnM and IStrLS groups. The PnM group showed increased PFM strength after 8 sessions compared with the other groups.
Conclusions
Women who were pregnant and received the combination of perineal massage and instrument-assisted perineal stretching with short repeated application had a greater increase in PFM extensibility than perineal massage and instrument-assisted perineal stretching alone.
Impact
The combination of perineal massage and instrument-assisted perineal stretching techniques with a short, repeated protocol led to better PFM extensibility results than the application of the techniques alone in women who were pregnant.
Lay summary
Pregnant women can benefit from intervention using the combination of perineal massage and instrument-assisted perineal stretching techniques with a short, repeated protocol.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Demographic aspects</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Manometry</subject><subject>Massage</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Pelvic floor</subject><subject>Pelvic Floor - physiology</subject><subject>Pelvis</subject><subject>Perineum</subject><subject>Physical therapy</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Stretching</subject><subject>Stretching exercises</subject><subject>Therapeutics, Physiological</subject><subject>Vagina</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0031-9023</issn><issn>1538-6724</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kV1rFDEUhgdR7Fq98l4CgggybTKZZJIrWZatFlpcbMXLIZM5s5slk2yTTLH9Uf5Gs-yq4IXk4oTDc97z8RbFa4LPCJb0fJe257tH1VHMnhQzwqgoeVPVT4sZxpSUElf0pHgR4xZjTJpaPi9OKKuYYJLNip_zAGgFwThQFl2rGNUakHI9unQxhWkEl8p5jCYm6P-CNylA0hvj1ui7SRt0s_EhoVXwyWtv0XIYQCdzD2jwISvpACru4RXYe6PRhfU5fz1FbQEtfyRw0XTGmvTwEc3R19zej-YxN1x4l4K3Nn9vg1H2ZfFsUDbCq2M8Lb5dLG8Xn8urL58uF_OrUnOKUym6vmP10NQ079yJemCEVVDLqqK9YJyTmouu40IoJmnfSdIRIpiWXPWVUJzT0-L9QXcX_N0EMbWjiRqsVQ78FNuK04bSfOUmo2__Qbd-Ci5Pt6cEY1LQveDZgVorC61xg09B6fx6GI32DgaT8_OGcC4bxmUu-HAo0MHHGGBod8GMKjy0BLd739vse3v0PdNvjkNM3Qj9H_a30Rl4dwD8tPuv0i_JF7hq</recordid><startdate>20220301</startdate><enddate>20220301</enddate><creator>Cabral, Alana Leandro</creator><creator>de Freitas, Síssi Sisconeto</creator><creator>Pinto, Rogério de Melo Costa</creator><creator>Resende, Ana Paula Magalhães</creator><creator>Pereira-Baldon, Vanessa Santos</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IAO</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>U9A</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4297-4984</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220301</creationdate><title>Are Perineal Massage and Instrument-Assisted Perineal Stretching With Short Protocol Effective for Increasing Pelvic Floor Muscle Extensibility? A Randomized Controlled Trial</title><author>Cabral, Alana Leandro ; de Freitas, Síssi Sisconeto ; Pinto, Rogério de Melo Costa ; Resende, Ana Paula Magalhães ; Pereira-Baldon, Vanessa Santos</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c630t-8bdb54f743000b84f5152e49223d85661468bb688a593db91b1185c96ad28a663</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Demographic aspects</topic><topic>Evaluation</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Manometry</topic><topic>Massage</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Pelvic floor</topic><topic>Pelvic Floor - physiology</topic><topic>Pelvis</topic><topic>Perineum</topic><topic>Physical therapy</topic><topic>Physiological aspects</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Stretching</topic><topic>Stretching exercises</topic><topic>Therapeutics, Physiological</topic><topic>Vagina</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cabral, Alana Leandro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Freitas, Síssi Sisconeto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pinto, Rogério de Melo Costa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Resende, Ana Paula Magalhães</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pereira-Baldon, Vanessa Santos</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale Academic OneFile</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>PTJ: Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cabral, Alana Leandro</au><au>de Freitas, Síssi Sisconeto</au><au>Pinto, Rogério de Melo Costa</au><au>Resende, Ana Paula Magalhães</au><au>Pereira-Baldon, Vanessa Santos</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Are Perineal Massage and Instrument-Assisted Perineal Stretching With Short Protocol Effective for Increasing Pelvic Floor Muscle Extensibility? A Randomized Controlled Trial</atitle><jtitle>PTJ: Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Journal</jtitle><addtitle>Phys Ther</addtitle><date>2022-03-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>102</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>1</spage><pages>1-</pages><issn>0031-9023</issn><eissn>1538-6724</eissn><abstract>Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study was to compare (1) the effects of the instrument-assisted perineal stretching technique with different application protocols in combination with perineal massage and (2) the effects of the isolated techniques on the extensibility and strength of the pelvic floor muscles (PFMs).
Methods
A randomized controlled clinical trial with parallel randomization, assessor blinding, and concealed allocation was conducted in the Campus Physical Education at the Federal University of Uberlândia in Brazil. Ninety-six pregnant women (18–40 years of age) were allocated into 4 groups: perineal massage (PnM) group (PnM protocol for 10 minutes); instrument-assisted perineal stretching with a long static protocol for 15 minutes [IStrLS group]); PnM + IStrLS group (both techniques applied in the 2 previous groups); and PnM + IStrSR group (the same techniques as used in the PnM + IStrLS group but with a short repeated protocol; 4 sets lasting 30 seconds each). Eight interventions were performed in all 4 groups twice weekly (beginning at the 34th gestational week). The primary outcome was PFM extensibility, assessed using vaginal dilator circumference, and the secondary outcome was PFM strength, assessed using vaginal manometry.
Results
For the PFM extensibility variable, a significant main effect of time (F2,88 = 87.951) and group (F3,88 = 7.193) was found. Tukey post hoc test results showed that the PnM + IStrSR group presented greater extensibility than the PnM and IStrLS groups. The PnM group showed increased PFM strength after 8 sessions compared with the other groups.
Conclusions
Women who were pregnant and received the combination of perineal massage and instrument-assisted perineal stretching with short repeated application had a greater increase in PFM extensibility than perineal massage and instrument-assisted perineal stretching alone.
Impact
The combination of perineal massage and instrument-assisted perineal stretching techniques with a short, repeated protocol led to better PFM extensibility results than the application of the techniques alone in women who were pregnant.
Lay summary
Pregnant women can benefit from intervention using the combination of perineal massage and instrument-assisted perineal stretching techniques with a short, repeated protocol.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>35258595</pmid><doi>10.1093/ptj/pzab305</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4297-4984</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | PTJ: Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Journal, 2022-03, Vol.102 (3), p.1 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Demographic aspects Evaluation Female Health aspects Humans Manometry Massage Methods Pelvic floor Pelvic Floor - physiology Pelvis Perineum Physical therapy Physiological aspects Pregnancy Stretching Stretching exercises Therapeutics, Physiological Vagina Young Adult |
| title | Are Perineal Massage and Instrument-Assisted Perineal Stretching With Short Protocol Effective for Increasing Pelvic Floor Muscle Extensibility? A Randomized Controlled Trial |
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