Expression of fibroblast activation protein in lung cancer and its correlation with tumor glucose metabolism and histopathology

Purpose To explore the expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in lung cancer (LC) and its correlation with tumor glucose metabolism and histopathology. Methods From June 2018 to November 2020, 73 patients with newly diagnosed LC were included. Immunohistochemical staining was used to quantify FAP expression in tumors. The histopathological type and tumor grade were determined via histopathological examination. The tumor glucose metabolism parameters and tumor maximal diameter were measured via [ 18 F] F-FDG PET/CT. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to study the correlation of FAP expression levels with glucose metabolism variables and tumor histopathology. Results Positive FAP expression was observed in 97.3% (71/73) LC lesions, which was significantly higher than 87.7% (64/73) of [ 18 F] F-FDG positivity observed on PET/CT ( χ 2 = 4.818, P = 0.028). In 12 early adenocarcinomas (ADCs), only three lesions (25%) were positive for [ 18 F] F-FDG on PET/CT; however, 10 lesions (83.3%) were positive for FAP. When FAP expression was classified into low level (scores ≤ 3) and high level (scores > 4), high FAP level was found in 80.8% tumors and low FAP level in the other 19.2% tumors. High FAP level was identified in 100.0% of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), 85.7% of ADCs, 66.7% (4/6) of large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNCs), and 40.0% (4/10) of small cell lung cancers (SCLCs) ( P