No Effect of a Ketone Monoester on Markers of Stress and Performance in a Live-Burn Search and Rescue in Firefighters
Waldman, HS, Bryant, AR, Shepherd, BD, Egan, B, and McAllister, MJ. No effect of a ketone monoester on markers of stress and performance in a live-burn search and rescue in firefighters. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 763-771, 2022-Firefighters experience a range of stressors that impair performance and...
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| description | Waldman, HS, Bryant, AR, Shepherd, BD, Egan, B, and McAllister, MJ. No effect of a ketone monoester on markers of stress and performance in a live-burn search and rescue in firefighters. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 763-771, 2022-Firefighters experience a range of stressors that impair performance and elevate the risk for developing cardiometabolic diseases. β-Hydroxybutyrate (βHB) has been shown to mitigate markers of oxidative stress and inflammation and serve as an alternative fuel with implications to physical performance. On 2 occasions in a double-blind, counterbalanced, and crossover design, 14 professional firefighters performed a live-burn, search and rescue (S&R) 30 minutes after ingestion of a ketone monoester (KME; 0.5 g·kg-1) or a placebo (PLA). Dependent variables collected before and after the S&R included salivary markers of stress and inflammation (cortisol, α-amylase, interleukin-1 beta, uric acid), perceptual markers (profile of mood state [POMS]), gastrointestinal distress (GI), rating of perceived exertion [RPE]), time to completion, and capillary blood measurement of βHB and glucose. KME resulted in capillary βHB concentrations of approximately 2.1-3.2 mM throughout the protocol. Capillary glucose concentrations were lower for the KME compared with PLA (∼7%) (interaction effect, p < 0.001). Salivary markers of stress, GI, and time to complete the S&R (∼10 minutes) did not differ between trials, although KME ingestion resulted in significantly higher RPE after the live-burn S&R (KME,6 ± 1; PLA, 4 ± 1). However, POMS data showed the KME also lowered subjective states of nervousness (KME, 0.0 ± 0.0; PLA, 0.6 ± 0.8) and anxiety (KME, 0.0 ± 0.0; PLA, 0.6 ± 0.7) before the S&R (all p < 0.05; large effect sizes). Compared with PLA, ingestion of a KME by firefighters did not mitigate the rise in various markers of salivary stress or impact physical performance during a live-burn S&R. However, differences in RPE and POMS variables were observed, suggesting a possible cognitive role for βHB. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004194 |
| format | Article |
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No effect of a ketone monoester on markers of stress and performance in a live-burn search and rescue in firefighters. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 763-771, 2022-Firefighters experience a range of stressors that impair performance and elevate the risk for developing cardiometabolic diseases. β-Hydroxybutyrate (βHB) has been shown to mitigate markers of oxidative stress and inflammation and serve as an alternative fuel with implications to physical performance. On 2 occasions in a double-blind, counterbalanced, and crossover design, 14 professional firefighters performed a live-burn, search and rescue (S&R) 30 minutes after ingestion of a ketone monoester (KME; 0.5 g·kg-1) or a placebo (PLA). Dependent variables collected before and after the S&R included salivary markers of stress and inflammation (cortisol, α-amylase, interleukin-1 beta, uric acid), perceptual markers (profile of mood state [POMS]), gastrointestinal distress (GI), rating of perceived exertion [RPE]), time to completion, and capillary blood measurement of βHB and glucose. KME resulted in capillary βHB concentrations of approximately 2.1-3.2 mM throughout the protocol. Capillary glucose concentrations were lower for the KME compared with PLA (∼7%) (interaction effect, p < 0.001). Salivary markers of stress, GI, and time to complete the S&R (∼10 minutes) did not differ between trials, although KME ingestion resulted in significantly higher RPE after the live-burn S&R (KME,6 ± 1; PLA, 4 ± 1). However, POMS data showed the KME also lowered subjective states of nervousness (KME, 0.0 ± 0.0; PLA, 0.6 ± 0.8) and anxiety (KME, 0.0 ± 0.0; PLA, 0.6 ± 0.7) before the S&R (all p < 0.05; large effect sizes). Compared with PLA, ingestion of a KME by firefighters did not mitigate the rise in various markers of salivary stress or impact physical performance during a live-burn S&R. However, differences in RPE and POMS variables were observed, suggesting a possible cognitive role for βHB.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 1064-8011</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1533-4287</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004194</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35180190</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research</publisher><subject>Blood Glucose ; Burns ; Cognitive ability ; Cortisol ; Dietary Supplements ; Evacuations & rescues ; Firefighters ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin 1 ; Ketones ; Ketones - pharmacology ; Oxidative stress ; Rescue Work ; Uric acid ; α-Amylase</subject><ispartof>Journal of strength and conditioning research, 2022-03, Vol.36 (3), p.763-771</ispartof><rights>Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research</rights><rights>Copyright © 2022 National Strength and Conditioning Association.</rights><rights>2022 National Strength and Conditioning Association</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3803-c32eb80fed3e52145628ddcdebf840cb945ae0d2a2628bbcd638bc2ffefb92153</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3803-c32eb80fed3e52145628ddcdebf840cb945ae0d2a2628bbcd638bc2ffefb92153</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5707-5642</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35180190$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Waldman, Hunter S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bryant, Andrea R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shepherd, Brandon D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Egan, Brendan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McAllister, Matthew J.</creatorcontrib><title>No Effect of a Ketone Monoester on Markers of Stress and Performance in a Live-Burn Search and Rescue in Firefighters</title><title>Journal of strength and conditioning research</title><addtitle>J Strength Cond Res</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Waldman, HS, Bryant, AR, Shepherd, BD, Egan, B, and McAllister, MJ. No effect of a ketone monoester on markers of stress and performance in a live-burn search and rescue in firefighters. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 763-771, 2022-Firefighters experience a range of stressors that impair performance and elevate the risk for developing cardiometabolic diseases. β-Hydroxybutyrate (βHB) has been shown to mitigate markers of oxidative stress and inflammation and serve as an alternative fuel with implications to physical performance. On 2 occasions in a double-blind, counterbalanced, and crossover design, 14 professional firefighters performed a live-burn, search and rescue (S&R) 30 minutes after ingestion of a ketone monoester (KME; 0.5 g·kg-1) or a placebo (PLA). Dependent variables collected before and after the S&R included salivary markers of stress and inflammation (cortisol, α-amylase, interleukin-1 beta, uric acid), perceptual markers (profile of mood state [POMS]), gastrointestinal distress (GI), rating of perceived exertion [RPE]), time to completion, and capillary blood measurement of βHB and glucose. KME resulted in capillary βHB concentrations of approximately 2.1-3.2 mM throughout the protocol. Capillary glucose concentrations were lower for the KME compared with PLA (∼7%) (interaction effect, p < 0.001). Salivary markers of stress, GI, and time to complete the S&R (∼10 minutes) did not differ between trials, although KME ingestion resulted in significantly higher RPE after the live-burn S&R (KME,6 ± 1; PLA, 4 ± 1). However, POMS data showed the KME also lowered subjective states of nervousness (KME, 0.0 ± 0.0; PLA, 0.6 ± 0.8) and anxiety (KME, 0.0 ± 0.0; PLA, 0.6 ± 0.7) before the S&R (all p < 0.05; large effect sizes). Compared with PLA, ingestion of a KME by firefighters did not mitigate the rise in various markers of salivary stress or impact physical performance during a live-burn S&R. However, differences in RPE and POMS variables were observed, suggesting a possible cognitive role for βHB.]]></description><subject>Blood Glucose</subject><subject>Burns</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>Cortisol</subject><subject>Dietary Supplements</subject><subject>Evacuations & rescues</subject><subject>Firefighters</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Interleukin 1</subject><subject>Ketones</subject><subject>Ketones - pharmacology</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Rescue Work</subject><subject>Uric acid</subject><subject>α-Amylase</subject><issn>1064-8011</issn><issn>1533-4287</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkVtP3DAQhS1UxK38A4Qs9aUvAV8T5xFWUGgXqLrlOXKcMRvIxtROivj3zC5XYckX2d8c-cwhZI-zA655efhzNjlgH4bipVojW1xLmSlhii94ZrnKDON8k2yndMuY0FrLDbIpNcfrkm2R8TLQE-_BDTR4aukvGEIP9CL0AdIAkYaeXth4BzEtgdkQISVq-4b-huhDXNjeAW17LJ22_yE7HmNPZ2Cjm6-oP5DcuAJO2wi-vZmjaPpK1r3tEuy-7Dvk-vTk7-Qsm179OJ8cTTMnDZO4CqgN89BI0IIrnQvTNK6B2hvFXF0qbYE1wgp8qGvX5NLUTqAdX5cCO7FDvj_r3sfwb0RD1aJNDrrO9hDGVIlcspKboigQ_fYJvQ3oBX-3oiTP80IhpZ4pF0NKaKi6j-3CxseKs2oZS4WxVJ9jwbL9F_GxXkDzVvSaw7vuQ-iWDbrrxgeI1RxsN8xRjwslCpMJJgSTqJrhFFI-AQx9lvI</recordid><startdate>20220301</startdate><enddate>20220301</enddate><creator>Waldman, Hunter S.</creator><creator>Bryant, Andrea R.</creator><creator>Shepherd, Brandon D.</creator><creator>Egan, Brendan</creator><creator>McAllister, Matthew J.</creator><general>Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research</general><general>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ovid Technologies</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5707-5642</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220301</creationdate><title>No Effect of a Ketone Monoester on Markers of Stress and Performance in a Live-Burn Search and Rescue in Firefighters</title><author>Waldman, Hunter S. ; Bryant, Andrea R. ; Shepherd, Brandon D. ; Egan, Brendan ; McAllister, Matthew J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3803-c32eb80fed3e52145628ddcdebf840cb945ae0d2a2628bbcd638bc2ffefb92153</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Blood Glucose</topic><topic>Burns</topic><topic>Cognitive ability</topic><topic>Cortisol</topic><topic>Dietary Supplements</topic><topic>Evacuations & rescues</topic><topic>Firefighters</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Interleukin 1</topic><topic>Ketones</topic><topic>Ketones - pharmacology</topic><topic>Oxidative stress</topic><topic>Rescue Work</topic><topic>Uric acid</topic><topic>α-Amylase</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Waldman, Hunter S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bryant, Andrea R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shepherd, Brandon D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Egan, Brendan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McAllister, Matthew J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of strength and conditioning research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Waldman, Hunter S.</au><au>Bryant, Andrea R.</au><au>Shepherd, Brandon D.</au><au>Egan, Brendan</au><au>McAllister, Matthew J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>No Effect of a Ketone Monoester on Markers of Stress and Performance in a Live-Burn Search and Rescue in Firefighters</atitle><jtitle>Journal of strength and conditioning research</jtitle><addtitle>J Strength Cond Res</addtitle><date>2022-03-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>36</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>763</spage><epage>771</epage><pages>763-771</pages><issn>1064-8011</issn><eissn>1533-4287</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[Waldman, HS, Bryant, AR, Shepherd, BD, Egan, B, and McAllister, MJ. No effect of a ketone monoester on markers of stress and performance in a live-burn search and rescue in firefighters. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 763-771, 2022-Firefighters experience a range of stressors that impair performance and elevate the risk for developing cardiometabolic diseases. β-Hydroxybutyrate (βHB) has been shown to mitigate markers of oxidative stress and inflammation and serve as an alternative fuel with implications to physical performance. On 2 occasions in a double-blind, counterbalanced, and crossover design, 14 professional firefighters performed a live-burn, search and rescue (S&R) 30 minutes after ingestion of a ketone monoester (KME; 0.5 g·kg-1) or a placebo (PLA). Dependent variables collected before and after the S&R included salivary markers of stress and inflammation (cortisol, α-amylase, interleukin-1 beta, uric acid), perceptual markers (profile of mood state [POMS]), gastrointestinal distress (GI), rating of perceived exertion [RPE]), time to completion, and capillary blood measurement of βHB and glucose. KME resulted in capillary βHB concentrations of approximately 2.1-3.2 mM throughout the protocol. Capillary glucose concentrations were lower for the KME compared with PLA (∼7%) (interaction effect, p < 0.001). Salivary markers of stress, GI, and time to complete the S&R (∼10 minutes) did not differ between trials, although KME ingestion resulted in significantly higher RPE after the live-burn S&R (KME,6 ± 1; PLA, 4 ± 1). However, POMS data showed the KME also lowered subjective states of nervousness (KME, 0.0 ± 0.0; PLA, 0.6 ± 0.8) and anxiety (KME, 0.0 ± 0.0; PLA, 0.6 ± 0.7) before the S&R (all p < 0.05; large effect sizes). Compared with PLA, ingestion of a KME by firefighters did not mitigate the rise in various markers of salivary stress or impact physical performance during a live-burn S&R. However, differences in RPE and POMS variables were observed, suggesting a possible cognitive role for βHB.]]></abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research</pub><pmid>35180190</pmid><doi>10.1519/JSC.0000000000004194</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5707-5642</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of strength and conditioning research, 2022-03, Vol.36 (3), p.763-771 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Journals@Ovid Complete |
| subjects | Blood Glucose Burns Cognitive ability Cortisol Dietary Supplements Evacuations & rescues Firefighters Humans Inflammation Interleukin 1 Ketones Ketones - pharmacology Oxidative stress Rescue Work Uric acid α-Amylase |
| title | No Effect of a Ketone Monoester on Markers of Stress and Performance in a Live-Burn Search and Rescue in Firefighters |
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