Blackouts can serve as a contextual feature and enhance resurgence
Resurgence occurs when a worsening of conditions for an alternative response (e.g., extinction) increases a previously reinforced and subsequently extinguished target response. In contrast, renewal is an increase in a response previously eliminated by extinction following a contextual change. Moreov...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Behavioural processes 2022-02, Vol.195, p.104587-104587, Article 104587 |
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creator | Martinez-Perez, Carla N. Ritchey, Carolyn M. Kuroda, Toshikazu Podlesnik, Christopher A. |
description | Resurgence occurs when a worsening of conditions for an alternative response (e.g., extinction) increases a previously reinforced and subsequently extinguished target response. In contrast, renewal is an increase in a response previously eliminated by extinction following a contextual change. Moreover, arranging contextual changes during resurgence tests has enhanced relapse compared with the absence of contextual changes. Several laboratory studies evaluating resurgence in humans have included interruptions of operant tasks by presenting instructions or “blackouts” immediately prior to phase changes in which reinforcement contingencies change. Such interruptions could enhance relapse during testing similarly to changes in contextual stimuli. We tested this possibility in the present study with human participants recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk by interrupting the task across groups with 1-s blackouts every 12 s, 60 s, between phases, or by arranging no blackouts in a control group. We found that blackouts prior to phase changes increased resurgence effects relative to no blackouts, suggesting that blackouts between phases are a type of contextual manipulation serving to increase the salience of contingency changes.
•Evaluated whether blackouts serve as contextual stimuli to enhance resurgence.•Brief blackouts between phase changes increased resurgence compared to no blackouts.•Between-phase blackouts could increase salience of contingency changes. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104587 |
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•Evaluated whether blackouts serve as contextual stimuli to enhance resurgence.•Brief blackouts between phase changes increased resurgence compared to no blackouts.•Between-phase blackouts could increase salience of contingency changes.</description><subject>Amazon mechanical turk</subject><subject>Conditioning, Operant</subject><subject>Extinction, Psychological</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Operant behavior</subject><subject>Reinforcement Schedule</subject><subject>Reinforcement, Psychology</subject><subject>Relapse</subject><subject>Renewal</subject><subject>Research Design</subject><subject>Resurgence</subject><issn>0376-6357</issn><issn>1872-8308</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kEtPwzAQhC0EoqXwDxDykUuKX3HcCxIgXlIlLnC2nPUGUtKk2AmCf4-rFI6cdjWa2dV8hJxyNueM64vVvMRN6GAumBBJUrkp9siUm0JkRjKzT6ZMFjrTMi8m5CjGFWOMG6YPyUTmTOdCqSm5vm4cvHdDHym4lkYMn0hdpI5C1_b41Q-uoRW6fghJbz3F9s21gDRgHMIrpvWYHFSuiXiymzPycnf7fPOQLZ_uH2-ulhlIzvsMlFLCOaNKriuFZVEaDqgWhjPtIecLKRgKFAKVMNWCI6ii5Mp7qb2BHOSMnI93U-uPAWNv13UEbBrXYjdEK7QQwrBcqWRVoxVCF2PAym5CvXbh23Jmt_Tsyo707JaeHeml2Nnuw1Cu0f-FfnElw-VowNTzs8ZgI9RbBr4OCL31Xf3_hx-LgoGN</recordid><startdate>202202</startdate><enddate>202202</enddate><creator>Martinez-Perez, Carla N.</creator><creator>Ritchey, Carolyn M.</creator><creator>Kuroda, Toshikazu</creator><creator>Podlesnik, Christopher A.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202202</creationdate><title>Blackouts can serve as a contextual feature and enhance resurgence</title><author>Martinez-Perez, Carla N. ; Ritchey, Carolyn M. ; Kuroda, Toshikazu ; Podlesnik, Christopher A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c311t-c4442aa84b16f4eb7b81ce498106dc519320e2e22e428f91ec47b14dd36d8c5c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Amazon mechanical turk</topic><topic>Conditioning, Operant</topic><topic>Extinction, Psychological</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Operant behavior</topic><topic>Reinforcement Schedule</topic><topic>Reinforcement, Psychology</topic><topic>Relapse</topic><topic>Renewal</topic><topic>Research Design</topic><topic>Resurgence</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Martinez-Perez, Carla N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ritchey, Carolyn M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuroda, Toshikazu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Podlesnik, Christopher A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Behavioural processes</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Martinez-Perez, Carla N.</au><au>Ritchey, Carolyn M.</au><au>Kuroda, Toshikazu</au><au>Podlesnik, Christopher A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Blackouts can serve as a contextual feature and enhance resurgence</atitle><jtitle>Behavioural processes</jtitle><addtitle>Behav Processes</addtitle><date>2022-02</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>195</volume><spage>104587</spage><epage>104587</epage><pages>104587-104587</pages><artnum>104587</artnum><issn>0376-6357</issn><eissn>1872-8308</eissn><abstract>Resurgence occurs when a worsening of conditions for an alternative response (e.g., extinction) increases a previously reinforced and subsequently extinguished target response. In contrast, renewal is an increase in a response previously eliminated by extinction following a contextual change. Moreover, arranging contextual changes during resurgence tests has enhanced relapse compared with the absence of contextual changes. Several laboratory studies evaluating resurgence in humans have included interruptions of operant tasks by presenting instructions or “blackouts” immediately prior to phase changes in which reinforcement contingencies change. Such interruptions could enhance relapse during testing similarly to changes in contextual stimuli. We tested this possibility in the present study with human participants recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk by interrupting the task across groups with 1-s blackouts every 12 s, 60 s, between phases, or by arranging no blackouts in a control group. We found that blackouts prior to phase changes increased resurgence effects relative to no blackouts, suggesting that blackouts between phases are a type of contextual manipulation serving to increase the salience of contingency changes.
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subjects | Amazon mechanical turk Conditioning, Operant Extinction, Psychological Humans Operant behavior Reinforcement Schedule Reinforcement, Psychology Relapse Renewal Research Design Resurgence |
title | Blackouts can serve as a contextual feature and enhance resurgence |
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