Disposable pipette extraction: A critical review of concepts, applications, and directions

Analytical chemistry has always been evolving towards techniques that are increasingly simple and effective and that conform to green principles. Disposable pipette extraction (DPX, also known as dispersive pipette tip solid phase extraction) is a recent technique that has become an interesting tool in sample preparation methodologies. The principle is based on a dynamic mixture between the matrix and the sorbent which allows rapid and effective extraction of analytes and provides vigorous clean-up of the samples. In the context of fitting in with green chemistry, DPX has contributed to replacing commercially available materials with natural alternative materials. The production of these materials is also simple, reduces sample/solvent volumes, consequently generates less waste and is less laborious and safer for the laboratory worker. This review is a source of information about the DPX technique, dealing with its basic concepts, procedure, optimizations, materials for the main applications published so far, which are in the food, environmental and biological (forensic) sciences. [Display omitted] •Disposable pipette extraction fundamentals are discussed and explained.•Extractive phase classes (commercial, lab-made and biosorbents) are presented and reviewed.•Technical details and experimental optimization are summarized.•Innovative extraction approaches are investigated, detailing the connection of DPX with other techniques.•DPX advantages and disadvantages are critically presented, and future trends and growth paths are discussed .