Long-term efficacy of nasal vaccination against enteric red mouth (ERM) disease and infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

•Long-term protection following nasal vaccination in teleosts has not previously been evaluated.•Intranasal (I.N.) vaccination was shown to be safe to at least 12 mo post-vaccination in rainbow trout”•I.P. but not I.N. delivery of ERM bacterin induced significant protection 6 mo post-vaccination.•I....

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