Spinosyns Delivered in Sugar Meals to Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): Acute Toxicity and Subacute Effects on Survival, Fecundity, and Fertility
Sugar is an essential source of nutrition for adult mosquitoes to acquire energy. Toxic sugar bait (TSB) provides a promising method for mosquito control by incorporating toxins into artificial sources of sugar (i.e., toxic baits) presented to wild populations. Spinosyns comprise a family of bacteri...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of medical entomology 2022-03, Vol.59 (2), p.623-630 |
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| creator | Alomar, Abdullah A. Alto, Barry W. Walker, Edward D. |
| description | Sugar is an essential source of nutrition for adult mosquitoes to acquire energy. Toxic sugar bait (TSB) provides a promising method for mosquito control by incorporating toxins into artificial sources of sugar (i.e., toxic baits) presented to wild populations. Spinosyns comprise a family of bacterial secondary metabolites with a unique mode of action against the insect nervous system, an appealing environmental safety profile, and potential for incorporation into sugar baits.This research evaluated acute and subacute effects of spinosad (spinosyns A and D) and spinetoram (spinosyns J and L) in sugar meals on survival, fecundity, and fertility of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Acute toxicity of spinosyns doubled from 24 to 48 h of assessment, revealing a relatively slow and cumulative action of the formulated spinosyns. Median lethal concentrations at 48 h were lower for spinetoram than for spinosad, lower for Ae. albopictus than Ae. aegypti, and lower for males than females. When exposed to subacute LC50 concentrations of spinosad and spinetoram for 24 h, survival of males and females of both species was diminished compared with controls, fecundity of females was increased, but fertility as measured by hatch rate of eggs was decreased. The formulations may have increased the nutritive value of the sugar meals thereby boosting fecundity, while toxifying embryos, reducing fertility. The inclusion of subacute effects of spinosyns allows assessment of the broader consequences of TSB for adult mosquito control. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/jme/tjab220 |
| format | Article |
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Toxic sugar bait (TSB) provides a promising method for mosquito control by incorporating toxins into artificial sources of sugar (i.e., toxic baits) presented to wild populations. Spinosyns comprise a family of bacterial secondary metabolites with a unique mode of action against the insect nervous system, an appealing environmental safety profile, and potential for incorporation into sugar baits.This research evaluated acute and subacute effects of spinosad (spinosyns A and D) and spinetoram (spinosyns J and L) in sugar meals on survival, fecundity, and fertility of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Acute toxicity of spinosyns doubled from 24 to 48 h of assessment, revealing a relatively slow and cumulative action of the formulated spinosyns. Median lethal concentrations at 48 h were lower for spinetoram than for spinosad, lower for Ae. albopictus than Ae. aegypti, and lower for males than females. When exposed to subacute LC50 concentrations of spinosad and spinetoram for 24 h, survival of males and females of both species was diminished compared with controls, fecundity of females was increased, but fertility as measured by hatch rate of eggs was decreased. The formulations may have increased the nutritive value of the sugar meals thereby boosting fecundity, while toxifying embryos, reducing fertility. The inclusion of subacute effects of spinosyns allows assessment of the broader consequences of TSB for adult mosquito control.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-2585</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-2928</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab220</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34994376</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>US: Entomological Society of America</publisher><subject>Acute toxicity ; Aedes ; Aedes - physiology ; Aedes aegypti ; Aedes albopictus ; Animals ; Aquatic insects ; Baits ; Carbohydrates ; Culicidae ; Embryos ; Fecundity ; Female ; Females ; Fertility ; fitness ; Insect control ; Insecticides ; Insects ; Male ; Males ; Meals ; Metabolites ; Mode of action ; Mosquito Control - methods ; Mosquitoes ; Nervous system ; Nutrition ; Nutritive value ; oral feeding ; Pesticides ; Plant metabolites ; Secondary metabolites ; Sex differences ; sexual dimorphism ; Spinosad ; Sugar ; Sugars ; Survival ; toxic sugar bait ; Toxicity ; Toxins ; VECTOR CONTROL, PEST MANAGEMENT, RESISTANCE, REPELLENTS</subject><ispartof>Journal of medical entomology, 2022-03, Vol.59 (2), p.623-630</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. journals.permissions@oup.com</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. 2022</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Oxford University Press</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b486t-af6342575ecafc21d2b5f74d76e67ca752a3a7e1323e06881ca2ffef238b09f63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b486t-af6342575ecafc21d2b5f74d76e67ca752a3a7e1323e06881ca2ffef238b09f63</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7054-2081 ; 0000-0002-8708-1442 ; 0000-0003-1802-9605</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,1585,27928,27929</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34994376$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Faraji, Ary</contributor><creatorcontrib>Alomar, Abdullah A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alto, Barry W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walker, Edward D.</creatorcontrib><title>Spinosyns Delivered in Sugar Meals to Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): Acute Toxicity and Subacute Effects on Survival, Fecundity, and Fertility</title><title>Journal of medical entomology</title><addtitle>J Med Entomol</addtitle><description>Sugar is an essential source of nutrition for adult mosquitoes to acquire energy. Toxic sugar bait (TSB) provides a promising method for mosquito control by incorporating toxins into artificial sources of sugar (i.e., toxic baits) presented to wild populations. Spinosyns comprise a family of bacterial secondary metabolites with a unique mode of action against the insect nervous system, an appealing environmental safety profile, and potential for incorporation into sugar baits.This research evaluated acute and subacute effects of spinosad (spinosyns A and D) and spinetoram (spinosyns J and L) in sugar meals on survival, fecundity, and fertility of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Acute toxicity of spinosyns doubled from 24 to 48 h of assessment, revealing a relatively slow and cumulative action of the formulated spinosyns. Median lethal concentrations at 48 h were lower for spinetoram than for spinosad, lower for Ae. albopictus than Ae. aegypti, and lower for males than females. When exposed to subacute LC50 concentrations of spinosad and spinetoram for 24 h, survival of males and females of both species was diminished compared with controls, fecundity of females was increased, but fertility as measured by hatch rate of eggs was decreased. The formulations may have increased the nutritive value of the sugar meals thereby boosting fecundity, while toxifying embryos, reducing fertility. The inclusion of subacute effects of spinosyns allows assessment of the broader consequences of TSB for adult mosquito control.</description><subject>Acute toxicity</subject><subject>Aedes</subject><subject>Aedes - physiology</subject><subject>Aedes aegypti</subject><subject>Aedes albopictus</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Aquatic insects</subject><subject>Baits</subject><subject>Carbohydrates</subject><subject>Culicidae</subject><subject>Embryos</subject><subject>Fecundity</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Fertility</subject><subject>fitness</subject><subject>Insect control</subject><subject>Insecticides</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Meals</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Mode of action</subject><subject>Mosquito Control - methods</subject><subject>Mosquitoes</subject><subject>Nervous system</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Nutritive value</subject><subject>oral feeding</subject><subject>Pesticides</subject><subject>Plant metabolites</subject><subject>Secondary metabolites</subject><subject>Sex differences</subject><subject>sexual dimorphism</subject><subject>Spinosad</subject><subject>Sugar</subject><subject>Sugars</subject><subject>Survival</subject><subject>toxic sugar bait</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Toxins</subject><subject>VECTOR CONTROL, PEST MANAGEMENT, RESISTANCE, REPELLENTS</subject><issn>0022-2585</issn><issn>1938-2928</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkktv1DAcxCMEokvhxB1ZQkKtaFo_EsfubbXtAlIRhy3nyHH-WXmVjVM_Vuw34mPifRQEQiAfLI9-M57DZNlrgi8JluxqtYarsFINpfhJNiGSiZxKKp5mE4wpzWkpypPshfcrjLEghXyenbBCyoJVfJJ9X4xmsH47eHQDvdmAgxaZAS3iUjn0GVTvUbBoCi14pGC5HYNBamgflb6xo9EhenR2Y8YATl2jWeyNNq2C82s01TEAurffkhK2e-ciNmqv3nYd6OCR3X3nNmaj-gs0Bx2HNrEXe3gOLpg-PV9mz7pUBl4d79Ps6_z2fvYxv_vy4dNsepc3heAhVx1nBS2rErTqNCUtbcquKtqKA6-0qkqqmKqAMMoAcyGIVjTV6CgTDZbJfJqdHXJHZx8i-FCvjdfQ92oAG31NORGUFVzKhL79A13Z6IbULlEF5pXghPyilqqH2gydDU7pXWg9rbjEFacMJ-ryL1Q6LayNtgN0Jum_Gd4fDNpZ7x109ejMWrltTXC920WddlEfd5HoN8eqsVlD-5N9HEIC3h0AG8f_JJ0fwMbYVOuf7A-ufc8p</recordid><startdate>20220316</startdate><enddate>20220316</enddate><creator>Alomar, Abdullah A.</creator><creator>Alto, Barry W.</creator><creator>Walker, Edward D.</creator><general>Entomological Society of America</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7054-2081</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8708-1442</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1802-9605</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220316</creationdate><title>Spinosyns Delivered in Sugar Meals to Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): Acute Toxicity and Subacute Effects on Survival, Fecundity, and Fertility</title><author>Alomar, Abdullah A. ; Alto, Barry W. ; Walker, Edward D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b486t-af6342575ecafc21d2b5f74d76e67ca752a3a7e1323e06881ca2ffef238b09f63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Acute toxicity</topic><topic>Aedes</topic><topic>Aedes - physiology</topic><topic>Aedes aegypti</topic><topic>Aedes albopictus</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Aquatic insects</topic><topic>Baits</topic><topic>Carbohydrates</topic><topic>Culicidae</topic><topic>Embryos</topic><topic>Fecundity</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Females</topic><topic>Fertility</topic><topic>fitness</topic><topic>Insect control</topic><topic>Insecticides</topic><topic>Insects</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Males</topic><topic>Meals</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Mode of action</topic><topic>Mosquito Control - methods</topic><topic>Mosquitoes</topic><topic>Nervous system</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Nutritive value</topic><topic>oral feeding</topic><topic>Pesticides</topic><topic>Plant metabolites</topic><topic>Secondary metabolites</topic><topic>Sex differences</topic><topic>sexual dimorphism</topic><topic>Spinosad</topic><topic>Sugar</topic><topic>Sugars</topic><topic>Survival</topic><topic>toxic sugar bait</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><topic>Toxins</topic><topic>VECTOR CONTROL, PEST MANAGEMENT, RESISTANCE, REPELLENTS</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Alomar, Abdullah A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alto, Barry W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walker, Edward D.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of medical entomology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Alomar, Abdullah A.</au><au>Alto, Barry W.</au><au>Walker, Edward D.</au><au>Faraji, Ary</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Spinosyns Delivered in Sugar Meals to Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): Acute Toxicity and Subacute Effects on Survival, Fecundity, and Fertility</atitle><jtitle>Journal of medical entomology</jtitle><addtitle>J Med Entomol</addtitle><date>2022-03-16</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>59</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>623</spage><epage>630</epage><pages>623-630</pages><issn>0022-2585</issn><eissn>1938-2928</eissn><abstract>Sugar is an essential source of nutrition for adult mosquitoes to acquire energy. Toxic sugar bait (TSB) provides a promising method for mosquito control by incorporating toxins into artificial sources of sugar (i.e., toxic baits) presented to wild populations. Spinosyns comprise a family of bacterial secondary metabolites with a unique mode of action against the insect nervous system, an appealing environmental safety profile, and potential for incorporation into sugar baits.This research evaluated acute and subacute effects of spinosad (spinosyns A and D) and spinetoram (spinosyns J and L) in sugar meals on survival, fecundity, and fertility of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Acute toxicity of spinosyns doubled from 24 to 48 h of assessment, revealing a relatively slow and cumulative action of the formulated spinosyns. Median lethal concentrations at 48 h were lower for spinetoram than for spinosad, lower for Ae. albopictus than Ae. aegypti, and lower for males than females. When exposed to subacute LC50 concentrations of spinosad and spinetoram for 24 h, survival of males and females of both species was diminished compared with controls, fecundity of females was increased, but fertility as measured by hatch rate of eggs was decreased. The formulations may have increased the nutritive value of the sugar meals thereby boosting fecundity, while toxifying embryos, reducing fertility. The inclusion of subacute effects of spinosyns allows assessment of the broader consequences of TSB for adult mosquito control.</abstract><cop>US</cop><pub>Entomological Society of America</pub><pmid>34994376</pmid><doi>10.1093/jme/tjab220</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7054-2081</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8708-1442</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1802-9605</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of medical entomology, 2022-03, Vol.59 (2), p.623-630 |
| issn | 0022-2585 1938-2928 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Acute toxicity Aedes Aedes - physiology Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus Animals Aquatic insects Baits Carbohydrates Culicidae Embryos Fecundity Female Females Fertility fitness Insect control Insecticides Insects Male Males Meals Metabolites Mode of action Mosquito Control - methods Mosquitoes Nervous system Nutrition Nutritive value oral feeding Pesticides Plant metabolites Secondary metabolites Sex differences sexual dimorphism Spinosad Sugar Sugars Survival toxic sugar bait Toxicity Toxins VECTOR CONTROL, PEST MANAGEMENT, RESISTANCE, REPELLENTS |
| title | Spinosyns Delivered in Sugar Meals to Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): Acute Toxicity and Subacute Effects on Survival, Fecundity, and Fertility |
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