Health outcomes in redlined versus non-redlined neighborhoods: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Redlining was a racialized zoning practice in the U.S. that blocked fair access to home loans during the 1930s, and recent research is illuminating health problems in the current residents of these historically redlined areas. However, this work has not yet been holistically summarized. Here, we pre...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Social science & medicine (1982) 2022-02, Vol.294, p.114696-114696, Article 114696 |
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| creator | Lee, Eun Kyung Donley, Gwendolyn Ciesielski, Timothy H. Gill, India Yamoah, Owusua Roche, Abigail Martinez, Roberto Freedman, Darcy A. |
| description | Redlining was a racialized zoning practice in the U.S. that blocked fair access to home loans during the 1930s, and recent research is illuminating health problems in the current residents of these historically redlined areas. However, this work has not yet been holistically summarized. Here, we present the first systematic review and meta-analysis comparing health outcomes in redlined versus non-redlined neighborhoods in U.S. cities.
We extracted relevant articles in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Science Direct databases published from January 2010 to September 2021.
The search revealed 12 studies on preterm births (n = 3), gunshot-related injuries (n = 2), cancer (n = 1), asthma (n = 1), self-rated health (n = 1), multiple health outcomes (n = 2), heat-related outcomes (n = 1) and COVID-19 incidence and mortality (n = 1). A meta-analysis of three studies found the odds of having preterm birth was significantly higher (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.88; p = 0.02) among women living in redlined areas compared to those in non-redlined areas. Review of other outcomes revealed that gunshot-related injuries, asthma, heat-related outcomes, and multiple chronic conditions were worse in redlined areas, while associations with cancer varied by cancer type. In terms of cause-specific mortality, one study revealed no link between residential redlining and infant mortality rate, while one study on COVID-19 outcomes was inconclusive.
Overall, this review presents evidence that living in historically redlined areas is associated with increased risk of multiple serious adverse health outcomes. Further research on mechanisms, remediation, and neighborhood-level interventions is needed to strengthen the understanding of the impacts of redlining on health.
•First systematic review to examine the relationships between redlining and modern-day health inequities.•Residential redlining is associated with elevated risk for multiple chronic diseases.•Future research focusing on community-level interventions and policies may be informative and impactful.•Standardization of design and measurement of redlining is needed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114696 |
| format | Article |
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We extracted relevant articles in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Science Direct databases published from January 2010 to September 2021.
The search revealed 12 studies on preterm births (n = 3), gunshot-related injuries (n = 2), cancer (n = 1), asthma (n = 1), self-rated health (n = 1), multiple health outcomes (n = 2), heat-related outcomes (n = 1) and COVID-19 incidence and mortality (n = 1). A meta-analysis of three studies found the odds of having preterm birth was significantly higher (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.88; p = 0.02) among women living in redlined areas compared to those in non-redlined areas. Review of other outcomes revealed that gunshot-related injuries, asthma, heat-related outcomes, and multiple chronic conditions were worse in redlined areas, while associations with cancer varied by cancer type. In terms of cause-specific mortality, one study revealed no link between residential redlining and infant mortality rate, while one study on COVID-19 outcomes was inconclusive.
Overall, this review presents evidence that living in historically redlined areas is associated with increased risk of multiple serious adverse health outcomes. Further research on mechanisms, remediation, and neighborhood-level interventions is needed to strengthen the understanding of the impacts of redlining on health.
•First systematic review to examine the relationships between redlining and modern-day health inequities.•Residential redlining is associated with elevated risk for multiple chronic diseases.•Future research focusing on community-level interventions and policies may be informative and impactful.•Standardization of design and measurement of redlining is needed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0277-9536</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-5347</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114696</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34995988</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Asthma ; Cancer ; Chronic asthma ; Chronic illnesses ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; Environmental Justice ; Female ; Health Disparities ; Health problems ; Health research ; Health status ; Humans ; Infant mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Infants ; Loans ; Meta-analysis ; Methodological problems ; Mortality ; Mortality rates ; Neighborhoods ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Place-Based Disparities ; Premature birth ; Premature Birth - epidemiology ; Racial Inequities ; Racism ; Redlining ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Self evaluation ; Social Patterning ; Structural Racism ; Systematic review ; Women ; Zoning</subject><ispartof>Social science & medicine (1982), 2022-02, Vol.294, p.114696-114696, Article 114696</ispartof><rights>2022 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Pergamon Press Inc. Feb 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c399t-af870c4a98dce75fe20e6f5b8c4d3e364baabe43405b2802b472f9d15373f1593</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c399t-af870c4a98dce75fe20e6f5b8c4d3e364baabe43405b2802b472f9d15373f1593</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9917-0928 ; 0000-0002-0521-9621</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114696$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,33774,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34995988$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lee, Eun Kyung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Donley, Gwendolyn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ciesielski, Timothy H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gill, India</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamoah, Owusua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roche, Abigail</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martinez, Roberto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freedman, Darcy A.</creatorcontrib><title>Health outcomes in redlined versus non-redlined neighborhoods: A systematic review and meta-analysis</title><title>Social science & medicine (1982)</title><addtitle>Soc Sci Med</addtitle><description>Redlining was a racialized zoning practice in the U.S. that blocked fair access to home loans during the 1930s, and recent research is illuminating health problems in the current residents of these historically redlined areas. However, this work has not yet been holistically summarized. Here, we present the first systematic review and meta-analysis comparing health outcomes in redlined versus non-redlined neighborhoods in U.S. cities.
We extracted relevant articles in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Science Direct databases published from January 2010 to September 2021.
The search revealed 12 studies on preterm births (n = 3), gunshot-related injuries (n = 2), cancer (n = 1), asthma (n = 1), self-rated health (n = 1), multiple health outcomes (n = 2), heat-related outcomes (n = 1) and COVID-19 incidence and mortality (n = 1). A meta-analysis of three studies found the odds of having preterm birth was significantly higher (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.88; p = 0.02) among women living in redlined areas compared to those in non-redlined areas. Review of other outcomes revealed that gunshot-related injuries, asthma, heat-related outcomes, and multiple chronic conditions were worse in redlined areas, while associations with cancer varied by cancer type. In terms of cause-specific mortality, one study revealed no link between residential redlining and infant mortality rate, while one study on COVID-19 outcomes was inconclusive.
Overall, this review presents evidence that living in historically redlined areas is associated with increased risk of multiple serious adverse health outcomes. Further research on mechanisms, remediation, and neighborhood-level interventions is needed to strengthen the understanding of the impacts of redlining on health.
•First systematic review to examine the relationships between redlining and modern-day health inequities.•Residential redlining is associated with elevated risk for multiple chronic diseases.•Future research focusing on community-level interventions and policies may be informative and impactful.•Standardization of design and measurement of redlining is needed.</description><subject>Asthma</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Chronic asthma</subject><subject>Chronic illnesses</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Environmental Justice</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health Disparities</subject><subject>Health problems</subject><subject>Health research</subject><subject>Health status</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant mortality</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>Loans</subject><subject>Meta-analysis</subject><subject>Methodological problems</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Mortality rates</subject><subject>Neighborhoods</subject><subject>Outcome Assessment, Health Care</subject><subject>Place-Based Disparities</subject><subject>Premature birth</subject><subject>Premature Birth - epidemiology</subject><subject>Racial Inequities</subject><subject>Racism</subject><subject>Redlining</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Self evaluation</subject><subject>Social Patterning</subject><subject>Structural Racism</subject><subject>Systematic review</subject><subject>Women</subject><subject>Zoning</subject><issn>0277-9536</issn><issn>1873-5347</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc1uFDEQhC0EIpvAK4AlLlxm8e_Y5raKIEGKxAXOlsfuYb2asYM9E7Rvj1eb5MCFk6X2V9WtKoTeU7KlhPafDtuaffVxhrBlhNEtpaI3_Qu0oVrxTnKhXqINYUp1RvL-Al3WeiCEUKL5a3TBhTHSaL1B4RbctOxxXhefZ6g4JlwgTDFBwA9Q6lpxyql7niWIv_ZDLvucQ_2Md7ge6wKzW6JvwocIf7BLAc-wuM4lNx1rrG_Qq9FNFd4-vlfo59cvP65vu7vvN9-ud3ed58YsnRu1Il44o4MHJUdgBPpRDtqLwIH3YnBuAMEFkQPThA1CsdEEKrniI5WGX6GPZ9_7kn-vUBc7x-phmlyCvFbLeqoZk4yRhn74Bz3ktbR7T1QviFJG0UapM-VLrrXAaO9LnF05WkrsqQh7sM9F2FMR9lxEU7579F-H09-T7in5BuzOALRAWmzFNhdIHkIs4Bcbcvzvkr9pVJ67</recordid><startdate>202202</startdate><enddate>202202</enddate><creator>Lee, Eun Kyung</creator><creator>Donley, Gwendolyn</creator><creator>Ciesielski, Timothy H.</creator><creator>Gill, India</creator><creator>Yamoah, Owusua</creator><creator>Roche, Abigail</creator><creator>Martinez, Roberto</creator><creator>Freedman, Darcy A.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Pergamon Press Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U3</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>WZK</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9917-0928</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0521-9621</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202202</creationdate><title>Health outcomes in redlined versus non-redlined neighborhoods: A systematic review and meta-analysis</title><author>Lee, Eun Kyung ; 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However, this work has not yet been holistically summarized. Here, we present the first systematic review and meta-analysis comparing health outcomes in redlined versus non-redlined neighborhoods in U.S. cities.
We extracted relevant articles in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Science Direct databases published from January 2010 to September 2021.
The search revealed 12 studies on preterm births (n = 3), gunshot-related injuries (n = 2), cancer (n = 1), asthma (n = 1), self-rated health (n = 1), multiple health outcomes (n = 2), heat-related outcomes (n = 1) and COVID-19 incidence and mortality (n = 1). A meta-analysis of three studies found the odds of having preterm birth was significantly higher (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.88; p = 0.02) among women living in redlined areas compared to those in non-redlined areas. Review of other outcomes revealed that gunshot-related injuries, asthma, heat-related outcomes, and multiple chronic conditions were worse in redlined areas, while associations with cancer varied by cancer type. In terms of cause-specific mortality, one study revealed no link between residential redlining and infant mortality rate, while one study on COVID-19 outcomes was inconclusive.
Overall, this review presents evidence that living in historically redlined areas is associated with increased risk of multiple serious adverse health outcomes. Further research on mechanisms, remediation, and neighborhood-level interventions is needed to strengthen the understanding of the impacts of redlining on health.
•First systematic review to examine the relationships between redlining and modern-day health inequities.•Residential redlining is associated with elevated risk for multiple chronic diseases.•Future research focusing on community-level interventions and policies may be informative and impactful.•Standardization of design and measurement of redlining is needed.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>34995988</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114696</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9917-0928</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0521-9621</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Social science & medicine (1982), 2022-02, Vol.294, p.114696-114696, Article 114696 |
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| subjects | Asthma Cancer Chronic asthma Chronic illnesses Coronaviruses COVID-19 Environmental Justice Female Health Disparities Health problems Health research Health status Humans Infant mortality Infant, Newborn Infants Loans Meta-analysis Methodological problems Mortality Mortality rates Neighborhoods Outcome Assessment, Health Care Place-Based Disparities Premature birth Premature Birth - epidemiology Racial Inequities Racism Redlining SARS-CoV-2 Self evaluation Social Patterning Structural Racism Systematic review Women Zoning |
| title | Health outcomes in redlined versus non-redlined neighborhoods: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
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