Blood transcriptome analysis revealed the immune changes and immunological adaptation of wildness training giant pandas
The giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ) is a global flagship species for biodiversity conservation. As the time for captive giant pandas to be released into the wild matures, wildness training is provided to allow adaptation to their natural environment. It is assumed that changes in the immune s...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG 2022, Vol.297 (1), p.227-239 |
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| creator | Yang, Miao Huang, Yan Wu, Honglin Li, Caiwu Ling, Shanshan Sun, Jie Shen, Haibo Yue, Bisong Zhang, Xiuyue |
| description | The giant panda (
Ailuropoda melanoleuca
) is a global flagship species for biodiversity conservation. As the time for captive giant pandas to be released into the wild matures, wildness training is provided to allow adaptation to their natural environment. It is assumed that changes in the immune system would be integral in this adaptation from captive to wild, where many more pathogens would be encountered in their natural habitats. Therefore, this study aims to determine the expression changes of immune-related genes and their potential as immunoassay markers for adaptation monitoring in wildness training giant pandas, and then to understand the adaptation strategy of wildness training giant pandas to the wild environment, thereby improving the success rate of panda reintroduction. We obtained 300 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by RNA-seq, with 239 up-regulated and 61 down-regulated DEGs in wildness training giant pandas compared to captive pandas. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that up-regulated DEGs were enriched in several immune-related terms and pathways. There were 21 immune-related DEGs, in which most of them were up-regulated in wildness training giant pandas, including several critical innate and cellular immune genes.
IL1R2
was the most significantly up-regulated gene and is a signature of homeostasis within the immune system. In the protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis,
CXCL8
,
CXCL10,
and
CCL5
were identified as the hub immune genes. Our results suggested that wildness training giant pandas have stronger innate and cellular immunity than captive giant pandas, and we proposed that a gene set of
CXCL8
,
CXCL10
,
CCL5
,
CD3D
,
NFKBIA
,
TBX21
,
IL12RB2,
and
IL1R2
may serve as potential immunoassay markers to monitor and assess the immune status of wildness training giant pandas. Our study offers the first insight into immune alterations of wildness training giant pandas, paving the way for monitoring and evaluating the immune status of giant pandas when reintroducing them into the wild. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00438-021-01841-7 |
| format | Article |
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Ailuropoda melanoleuca
) is a global flagship species for biodiversity conservation. As the time for captive giant pandas to be released into the wild matures, wildness training is provided to allow adaptation to their natural environment. It is assumed that changes in the immune system would be integral in this adaptation from captive to wild, where many more pathogens would be encountered in their natural habitats. Therefore, this study aims to determine the expression changes of immune-related genes and their potential as immunoassay markers for adaptation monitoring in wildness training giant pandas, and then to understand the adaptation strategy of wildness training giant pandas to the wild environment, thereby improving the success rate of panda reintroduction. We obtained 300 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by RNA-seq, with 239 up-regulated and 61 down-regulated DEGs in wildness training giant pandas compared to captive pandas. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that up-regulated DEGs were enriched in several immune-related terms and pathways. There were 21 immune-related DEGs, in which most of them were up-regulated in wildness training giant pandas, including several critical innate and cellular immune genes.
IL1R2
was the most significantly up-regulated gene and is a signature of homeostasis within the immune system. In the protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis,
CXCL8
,
CXCL10,
and
CCL5
were identified as the hub immune genes. Our results suggested that wildness training giant pandas have stronger innate and cellular immunity than captive giant pandas, and we proposed that a gene set of
CXCL8
,
CXCL10
,
CCL5
,
CD3D
,
NFKBIA
,
TBX21
,
IL12RB2,
and
IL1R2
may serve as potential immunoassay markers to monitor and assess the immune status of wildness training giant pandas. Our study offers the first insight into immune alterations of wildness training giant pandas, paving the way for monitoring and evaluating the immune status of giant pandas when reintroducing them into the wild.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1617-4615</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1617-4623</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01841-7</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34985592</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Adaptation, Physiological - genetics ; Adaptation, Physiological - immunology ; Ailuropoda melanoleuca ; Animal Genetics and Genomics ; Animals ; Biochemistry ; Biodiversity ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Blood Cells - chemistry ; Blood Cells - metabolism ; Blood Proteins - analysis ; Blood Proteins - genetics ; Cell-mediated immunity ; CXCL10 protein ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes ; Homeostasis ; Human Genetics ; Immune status ; Immune system ; Immune System - metabolism ; Immune System - physiology ; Immunoassay ; Interleukin 1 ; Life Sciences ; Microbial Genetics and Genomics ; Original Article ; Pandas ; Physical Conditioning, Animal - physiology ; Plant Genetics and Genomics ; Transcriptome - genetics ; Transcriptome - immunology ; Transcriptomes ; Ursidae - blood ; Ursidae - genetics ; Ursidae - immunology ; Wilderness</subject><ispartof>Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG, 2022, Vol.297 (1), p.227-239</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-262939ca2b0b49fad99d90bb48f4d2da6fbe6f564a755468db63c8ea58a0db3b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-262939ca2b0b49fad99d90bb48f4d2da6fbe6f564a755468db63c8ea58a0db3b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00438-021-01841-7$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00438-021-01841-7$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34985592$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yang, Miao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Honglin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Caiwu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ling, Shanshan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shen, Haibo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yue, Bisong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Xiuyue</creatorcontrib><title>Blood transcriptome analysis revealed the immune changes and immunological adaptation of wildness training giant pandas</title><title>Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG</title><addtitle>Mol Genet Genomics</addtitle><addtitle>Mol Genet Genomics</addtitle><description>The giant panda (
Ailuropoda melanoleuca
) is a global flagship species for biodiversity conservation. As the time for captive giant pandas to be released into the wild matures, wildness training is provided to allow adaptation to their natural environment. It is assumed that changes in the immune system would be integral in this adaptation from captive to wild, where many more pathogens would be encountered in their natural habitats. Therefore, this study aims to determine the expression changes of immune-related genes and their potential as immunoassay markers for adaptation monitoring in wildness training giant pandas, and then to understand the adaptation strategy of wildness training giant pandas to the wild environment, thereby improving the success rate of panda reintroduction. We obtained 300 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by RNA-seq, with 239 up-regulated and 61 down-regulated DEGs in wildness training giant pandas compared to captive pandas. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that up-regulated DEGs were enriched in several immune-related terms and pathways. There were 21 immune-related DEGs, in which most of them were up-regulated in wildness training giant pandas, including several critical innate and cellular immune genes.
IL1R2
was the most significantly up-regulated gene and is a signature of homeostasis within the immune system. In the protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis,
CXCL8
,
CXCL10,
and
CCL5
were identified as the hub immune genes. Our results suggested that wildness training giant pandas have stronger innate and cellular immunity than captive giant pandas, and we proposed that a gene set of
CXCL8
,
CXCL10
,
CCL5
,
CD3D
,
NFKBIA
,
TBX21
,
IL12RB2,
and
IL1R2
may serve as potential immunoassay markers to monitor and assess the immune status of wildness training giant pandas. Our study offers the first insight into immune alterations of wildness training giant pandas, paving the way for monitoring and evaluating the immune status of giant pandas when reintroducing them into the wild.</description><subject>Adaptation, Physiological - genetics</subject><subject>Adaptation, Physiological - immunology</subject><subject>Ailuropoda melanoleuca</subject><subject>Animal Genetics and Genomics</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Blood Cells - chemistry</subject><subject>Blood Cells - metabolism</subject><subject>Blood Proteins - analysis</subject><subject>Blood Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Cell-mediated immunity</subject><subject>CXCL10 protein</subject><subject>Gene Expression Profiling</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Homeostasis</subject><subject>Human Genetics</subject><subject>Immune status</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Immune System - metabolism</subject><subject>Immune System - physiology</subject><subject>Immunoassay</subject><subject>Interleukin 1</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Microbial Genetics and Genomics</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Pandas</subject><subject>Physical Conditioning, Animal - physiology</subject><subject>Plant Genetics and Genomics</subject><subject>Transcriptome - genetics</subject><subject>Transcriptome - immunology</subject><subject>Transcriptomes</subject><subject>Ursidae - blood</subject><subject>Ursidae - genetics</subject><subject>Ursidae - immunology</subject><subject>Wilderness</subject><issn>1617-4615</issn><issn>1617-4623</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU1rFjEUhYMotlb_gAsJuHEzmu-ZLLVUWyi40XW4mWTepmSSMZmx9N-b16kVXLi64d7nnMA5CL2m5D0lpP9QCRF86AijHaGDoF3_BJ1SRftOKMafPr6pPEEvar0lhPaK9c_RCRd6kFKzU3T3Kebs8Fog1bGEZc2zx5Ag3tdQcfE_PUTf7jceh3neksfjDaSDrw1y-yrHfAgjRAwOlhXWkBPOE74L0SVf69E7pJAO-BAgrXhpQqgv0bMJYvWvHuYZ-v754tv5ZXf99cvV-cfrbuS9XDummOZ6BGaJFXoCp7XTxFoxTMIxB2qyXk1SCeilFGpwVvFx8CAHIM5yy8_Qu913KfnH5utq5lBHHyMkn7dqmKJKK6qpaujbf9DbvJUWxZFigrTQZN8otlNjybUWP5mlhBnKvaHEHGsxey2m1WJ-12KOojcP1pudvXuU_OmhAXwHaju1eMvfv_9j-wvRwZqn</recordid><startdate>2022</startdate><enddate>2022</enddate><creator>Yang, Miao</creator><creator>Huang, Yan</creator><creator>Wu, Honglin</creator><creator>Li, Caiwu</creator><creator>Ling, Shanshan</creator><creator>Sun, Jie</creator><creator>Shen, Haibo</creator><creator>Yue, Bisong</creator><creator>Zhang, Xiuyue</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2022</creationdate><title>Blood transcriptome analysis revealed the immune changes and immunological adaptation of wildness training giant pandas</title><author>Yang, Miao ; Huang, Yan ; Wu, Honglin ; Li, Caiwu ; Ling, Shanshan ; Sun, Jie ; Shen, Haibo ; Yue, Bisong ; Zhang, Xiuyue</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-262939ca2b0b49fad99d90bb48f4d2da6fbe6f564a755468db63c8ea58a0db3b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Adaptation, Physiological - genetics</topic><topic>Adaptation, Physiological - immunology</topic><topic>Ailuropoda melanoleuca</topic><topic>Animal Genetics and Genomics</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biodiversity</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Blood Cells - chemistry</topic><topic>Blood Cells - metabolism</topic><topic>Blood Proteins - analysis</topic><topic>Blood Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Cell-mediated immunity</topic><topic>CXCL10 protein</topic><topic>Gene Expression Profiling</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Homeostasis</topic><topic>Human Genetics</topic><topic>Immune status</topic><topic>Immune system</topic><topic>Immune System - metabolism</topic><topic>Immune System - physiology</topic><topic>Immunoassay</topic><topic>Interleukin 1</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Microbial Genetics and Genomics</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Pandas</topic><topic>Physical Conditioning, Animal - physiology</topic><topic>Plant Genetics and Genomics</topic><topic>Transcriptome - genetics</topic><topic>Transcriptome - immunology</topic><topic>Transcriptomes</topic><topic>Ursidae - blood</topic><topic>Ursidae - genetics</topic><topic>Ursidae - immunology</topic><topic>Wilderness</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yang, Miao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Honglin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Caiwu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ling, Shanshan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shen, Haibo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yue, Bisong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Xiuyue</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yang, Miao</au><au>Huang, Yan</au><au>Wu, Honglin</au><au>Li, Caiwu</au><au>Ling, Shanshan</au><au>Sun, Jie</au><au>Shen, Haibo</au><au>Yue, Bisong</au><au>Zhang, Xiuyue</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Blood transcriptome analysis revealed the immune changes and immunological adaptation of wildness training giant pandas</atitle><jtitle>Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG</jtitle><stitle>Mol Genet Genomics</stitle><addtitle>Mol Genet Genomics</addtitle><date>2022</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>297</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>227</spage><epage>239</epage><pages>227-239</pages><issn>1617-4615</issn><eissn>1617-4623</eissn><abstract>The giant panda (
Ailuropoda melanoleuca
) is a global flagship species for biodiversity conservation. As the time for captive giant pandas to be released into the wild matures, wildness training is provided to allow adaptation to their natural environment. It is assumed that changes in the immune system would be integral in this adaptation from captive to wild, where many more pathogens would be encountered in their natural habitats. Therefore, this study aims to determine the expression changes of immune-related genes and their potential as immunoassay markers for adaptation monitoring in wildness training giant pandas, and then to understand the adaptation strategy of wildness training giant pandas to the wild environment, thereby improving the success rate of panda reintroduction. We obtained 300 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by RNA-seq, with 239 up-regulated and 61 down-regulated DEGs in wildness training giant pandas compared to captive pandas. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that up-regulated DEGs were enriched in several immune-related terms and pathways. There were 21 immune-related DEGs, in which most of them were up-regulated in wildness training giant pandas, including several critical innate and cellular immune genes.
IL1R2
was the most significantly up-regulated gene and is a signature of homeostasis within the immune system. In the protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis,
CXCL8
,
CXCL10,
and
CCL5
were identified as the hub immune genes. Our results suggested that wildness training giant pandas have stronger innate and cellular immunity than captive giant pandas, and we proposed that a gene set of
CXCL8
,
CXCL10
,
CCL5
,
CD3D
,
NFKBIA
,
TBX21
,
IL12RB2,
and
IL1R2
may serve as potential immunoassay markers to monitor and assess the immune status of wildness training giant pandas. Our study offers the first insight into immune alterations of wildness training giant pandas, paving the way for monitoring and evaluating the immune status of giant pandas when reintroducing them into the wild.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>34985592</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00438-021-01841-7</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG, 2022, Vol.297 (1), p.227-239 |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerNature Journals |
| subjects | Adaptation, Physiological - genetics Adaptation, Physiological - immunology Ailuropoda melanoleuca Animal Genetics and Genomics Animals Biochemistry Biodiversity Biomedical and Life Sciences Blood Cells - chemistry Blood Cells - metabolism Blood Proteins - analysis Blood Proteins - genetics Cell-mediated immunity CXCL10 protein Gene Expression Profiling Genes Homeostasis Human Genetics Immune status Immune system Immune System - metabolism Immune System - physiology Immunoassay Interleukin 1 Life Sciences Microbial Genetics and Genomics Original Article Pandas Physical Conditioning, Animal - physiology Plant Genetics and Genomics Transcriptome - genetics Transcriptome - immunology Transcriptomes Ursidae - blood Ursidae - genetics Ursidae - immunology Wilderness |
| title | Blood transcriptome analysis revealed the immune changes and immunological adaptation of wildness training giant pandas |
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