Effect of physical activity and vitamin D compared with vitamin D alone on muscle strength, back flexibility and aerobic activity in patients with chronic kidney disease: A comparative study from Pakistan

Background and Objectives: To compare the differences in musculoskeletal health with vitamin D alone in comparison with vitamin D with physical activity (PA) among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Methods and Study Design: An open labeled, randomized, controlled trial was conducted at two tertiary care centers in Pakistan. Patients with CKD stage 2-4 and vitamin D deficiency (0.05). Sensitivity analysis within group comparison shows rise of bicep strength from 13.8 kg to 15.2 kg in the VD alone arm (p=0.05); however, in the VDPA arm, there is a greater difference of 14.3 kg to 17.2 kg (p