Pilot study for comparative assessment of dual‐energy computed tomography and single‐photon emission computed tomography V/Q scanning for lung perfusion evaluation in infants

Objective To evaluate clinical applications of dual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) in pediatric‐specific lung diseases and compare ventilation and perfusion findings with those from single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT‐CT) V/Q. Methods All patients at our institution who underwent exams using both techniques within a 3‐month period were included in this study. Two readers independently described findings for DECT, and two other readers independently analyzed the SPECT‐CT V/Q scan data. All findings were compared between readers and disagreements were reassessed and resolved by consensus. Inter‐modality agreements are described throughout this study. Results Eight patients were included for evaluation. The median age for DECT scanning was 3.5 months (IQR = 2). Five of these patients were scanned for both DECT and SPECT‐CT V/Q studies the same day, and three had a time gap of 7, 65, and 94 days between studies. The most common indications were chronic lung disease (5/8; 63%) and pulmonary hypertension (6/8; 75%). DECT and SPECT‐CT V/Q identified perfusion abnormalities in concordant lobes in most patients (7/8; 88%). In one case, atelectasis limited DECT perfusion assessment. Three patients ultimately underwent lobectomy with corresponding perfusion abnormalities identified by all reviewers on both DECT and SPECT‐CT V/Q in all resected lobes. Conclusion DECT is a feasible technique that could be considered as an alternative for SPECT‐CT V/Q for lung perfusion evaluation in infants.