Nitrate Removal in an Electrically Charged Granular-Activated Carbon Column
Nitrate removal from groundwater remains a challenge. Here, we report on the development of a flow-through, electrically charged, granular-activated carbon (GAC)-filled column, which effectively removes nitrate. In this system, the GAC functioned as an anode, while a titanium sheet acted as a cathod...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science & technology 2021-12, Vol.55 (24), p.16597-16606 |
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| container_title | Environmental science & technology |
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| creator | Su, Yiming Muller, Katherine R Yoshihara-Saint, Hira Najm, Issam Jassby, David |
| description | Nitrate removal from groundwater remains a challenge. Here, we report on the development of a flow-through, electrically charged, granular-activated carbon (GAC)-filled column, which effectively removes nitrate. In this system, the GAC functioned as an anode, while a titanium sheet acted as a cathode. The high removal rate of nitrate was achieved through a combination of electrosorption and electrochemical transformation to N2. The column could be readily regenerated in situ by reversing the polarity of the applied potential. We demonstrate that in the presence of chloride, the mechanism responsible for the observed nitrate removal involves a combination of electroadsorption of nitrate to the anodically charged GAC, electroreduction of nitrate to ammonium, and the oxidation of ammonium to N2 gas by reactive chlorine and other oxidative radicals (with nearly 100% N2 selectivity). Given the ubiquitous presence of chloride in groundwater, this method represents a ready, green, and sustainable treatment process with significant potential for the remediation of contaminated groundwater. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/acs.est.1c02152 |
| format | Article |
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Here, we report on the development of a flow-through, electrically charged, granular-activated carbon (GAC)-filled column, which effectively removes nitrate. In this system, the GAC functioned as an anode, while a titanium sheet acted as a cathode. The high removal rate of nitrate was achieved through a combination of electrosorption and electrochemical transformation to N2. The column could be readily regenerated in situ by reversing the polarity of the applied potential. We demonstrate that in the presence of chloride, the mechanism responsible for the observed nitrate removal involves a combination of electroadsorption of nitrate to the anodically charged GAC, electroreduction of nitrate to ammonium, and the oxidation of ammonium to N2 gas by reactive chlorine and other oxidative radicals (with nearly 100% N2 selectivity). Given the ubiquitous presence of chloride in groundwater, this method represents a ready, green, and sustainable treatment process with significant potential for the remediation of contaminated groundwater.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-936X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02152</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34874719</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Activated carbon ; Adsorption ; Ammonium ; Anodizing ; Charcoal ; Chlorides ; Chlorine ; Electrochemistry ; Groundwater ; Groundwater treatment ; Metal sheets ; Nitrate removal ; Nitrates ; Nitrogen removal ; Nutrient removal ; Oxidation ; Polarity ; Selectivity ; Titanium ; Treatment and Resource Recovery ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis ; Water Purification</subject><ispartof>Environmental science & technology, 2021-12, Vol.55 (24), p.16597-16606</ispartof><rights>2021 American Chemical Society</rights><rights>Copyright American Chemical Society Dec 21, 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a361t-1626ac8cceea207ceb2f759921a1c0a47e96e3e11a56f85bddc65f3a0137576e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a361t-1626ac8cceea207ceb2f759921a1c0a47e96e3e11a56f85bddc65f3a0137576e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2133-2536 ; 0000-0001-6035-7384</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.1c02152$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.1c02152$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,2751,27055,27903,27904,56716,56766</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34874719$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Su, Yiming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muller, Katherine R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yoshihara-Saint, Hira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Najm, Issam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jassby, David</creatorcontrib><title>Nitrate Removal in an Electrically Charged Granular-Activated Carbon Column</title><title>Environmental science & technology</title><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>Nitrate removal from groundwater remains a challenge. Here, we report on the development of a flow-through, electrically charged, granular-activated carbon (GAC)-filled column, which effectively removes nitrate. In this system, the GAC functioned as an anode, while a titanium sheet acted as a cathode. The high removal rate of nitrate was achieved through a combination of electrosorption and electrochemical transformation to N2. The column could be readily regenerated in situ by reversing the polarity of the applied potential. We demonstrate that in the presence of chloride, the mechanism responsible for the observed nitrate removal involves a combination of electroadsorption of nitrate to the anodically charged GAC, electroreduction of nitrate to ammonium, and the oxidation of ammonium to N2 gas by reactive chlorine and other oxidative radicals (with nearly 100% N2 selectivity). Given the ubiquitous presence of chloride in groundwater, this method represents a ready, green, and sustainable treatment process with significant potential for the remediation of contaminated groundwater.</description><subject>Activated carbon</subject><subject>Adsorption</subject><subject>Ammonium</subject><subject>Anodizing</subject><subject>Charcoal</subject><subject>Chlorides</subject><subject>Chlorine</subject><subject>Electrochemistry</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Groundwater treatment</subject><subject>Metal sheets</subject><subject>Nitrate removal</subject><subject>Nitrates</subject><subject>Nitrogen removal</subject><subject>Nutrient removal</subject><subject>Oxidation</subject><subject>Polarity</subject><subject>Selectivity</subject><subject>Titanium</subject><subject>Treatment and Resource Recovery</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><subject>Water Purification</subject><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kMFLwzAUxoMobk7P3qTgRZBuecmStkcpc4pDQRS8ldc01Y60nUk72H9vxuYOgpeEkN_3vfd9hFwCHQNlMEHlxtp1Y1D-JdgRGfqThiIWcEyGlAIPEy4_BuTMuSWllHEan5IBn8bRNIJkSJ6eq85ip4NXXbdrNEHVBNgEM6NVZyuFxmyC9Avtpy6CucWmN2jDO9VVay8qghRt3jZB2pq-bs7JSYnG6Yv9PSLv97O39CFcvMwf07tFiFxCF4JkElWslNbIaKR0zspIJAkD9DFwGulEaq4BUMgyFnlRKClKjj5MJCL_NSI3O9-Vbb97Hz-rK6e0MdjotncZkzQGDjEVHr3-gy7b3jZ-O0-BFH4hTj012VHKts5ZXWYrW9VoNxnQbNtz5nvOtup9z15xtfft81oXB_63WA_c7oCt8jDzP7sfPzyHcQ</recordid><startdate>20211221</startdate><enddate>20211221</enddate><creator>Su, Yiming</creator><creator>Muller, Katherine R</creator><creator>Yoshihara-Saint, Hira</creator><creator>Najm, Issam</creator><creator>Jassby, David</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2133-2536</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6035-7384</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211221</creationdate><title>Nitrate Removal in an Electrically Charged Granular-Activated Carbon Column</title><author>Su, Yiming ; 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| subjects | Activated carbon Adsorption Ammonium Anodizing Charcoal Chlorides Chlorine Electrochemistry Groundwater Groundwater treatment Metal sheets Nitrate removal Nitrates Nitrogen removal Nutrient removal Oxidation Polarity Selectivity Titanium Treatment and Resource Recovery Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water Purification |
| title | Nitrate Removal in an Electrically Charged Granular-Activated Carbon Column |
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