Effects of excessive sodium chloride loading in the spontaneously diabetic torii (SDT) fatty rats, a preclinical model of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents an international health concern with its growing number of patients worldwide. At the same time, excessive salt consumption is also seen as a major cause of diseases such as hypertension and may expedite renal complications in diabetic patients. In this study, we...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of toxicological sciences 2021, Vol.46(12), pp.589-599 |
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| creator | Teoh, Soon Hui Miyajima, Katsuhiro Shinozaki, Yuichi Shinohara, Masami Ohata, Keiichi Briand, François Morimoto, Rika Nakamura, Yuka Uno, Kinuko Kemuriyama, Noriko Nakae, Dai Ohta, Takeshi Maekawa, Tatsuya |
| description | Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents an international health concern with its growing number of patients worldwide. At the same time, excessive salt consumption is also seen as a major cause of diseases such as hypertension and may expedite renal complications in diabetic patients. In this study, we investigated the effects of excessive sodium chloride supplementation on the kidney of the Spontaneously Diabetic Torii-Leprfa (SDT fatty) rat, an obese type 2 diabetes model. Male and female SDT fatty rats and normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at 5 weeks of age were loaded with 0.3% sodium chloride (NaCl) in drinking water for 13 weeks. Blood serum and urinary parameters were observed throughout the experiment and kidney samples were examined in histopathological and genetical analyses. Significant changes on the body weight, blood pressure, urine volume, creatinine clearance, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), relative gene expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were observed in the salt-loaded male SDT fatty rats. Urinary L-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) and albumin levels were higher observed in the salt-loaded male SDT fatty rats throughout the period, but urinary albumin levels in the female SDT fatty rats remain unchanged. In the kidney, slight Armani-Ebstein changes, tubular degeneration, hyaline cast, and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in female SDT fatty rats while the levels of some changes were higher in the salt-loaded group. The kidney of the salt-loaded male SDT fatty rats demonstrated a higher degree of lesions compared to the female group and the male unloaded group. Histopathological changes in salt-loaded SDT fatty rats show that excessive salt consumption may act as a diabetic pathology exacerbation factor, but the pathology may be influenced by gender difference. Urinary L-FABP levels may act as a useful biomarker to detect slight tubular damages in the kidney. Excessive salt loading was shown to exacerbate the renal injury in SDT fatty rats. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2131/jts.46.589 |
| format | Article |
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At the same time, excessive salt consumption is also seen as a major cause of diseases such as hypertension and may expedite renal complications in diabetic patients. In this study, we investigated the effects of excessive sodium chloride supplementation on the kidney of the Spontaneously Diabetic Torii-Leprfa (SDT fatty) rat, an obese type 2 diabetes model. Male and female SDT fatty rats and normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at 5 weeks of age were loaded with 0.3% sodium chloride (NaCl) in drinking water for 13 weeks. Blood serum and urinary parameters were observed throughout the experiment and kidney samples were examined in histopathological and genetical analyses. Significant changes on the body weight, blood pressure, urine volume, creatinine clearance, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), relative gene expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were observed in the salt-loaded male SDT fatty rats. Urinary L-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) and albumin levels were higher observed in the salt-loaded male SDT fatty rats throughout the period, but urinary albumin levels in the female SDT fatty rats remain unchanged. In the kidney, slight Armani-Ebstein changes, tubular degeneration, hyaline cast, and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in female SDT fatty rats while the levels of some changes were higher in the salt-loaded group. The kidney of the salt-loaded male SDT fatty rats demonstrated a higher degree of lesions compared to the female group and the male unloaded group. Histopathological changes in salt-loaded SDT fatty rats show that excessive salt consumption may act as a diabetic pathology exacerbation factor, but the pathology may be influenced by gender difference. Urinary L-FABP levels may act as a useful biomarker to detect slight tubular damages in the kidney. Excessive salt loading was shown to exacerbate the renal injury in SDT fatty rats.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0388-1350</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1880-3989</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2131/jts.46.589</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34853244</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Japan: The Japanese Society of Toxicology</publisher><subject>Albumin ; Albumins ; Animals ; Biomarkers ; Blood pressure ; Body weight ; Complications ; Consumption ; Creatinine ; Damage detection ; Degeneration ; Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus ; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diabetic complication ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drinking water ; Fatty acid-binding protein ; Fatty acids ; Female ; Gender differences ; Growth factors ; Humans ; Hypertension ; IL-1β ; Inflammation ; Interleukins ; Kidney ; Kidneys ; Male ; Males ; Metastases ; Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 ; Monocytes ; Obesity ; Pathology ; Proteins ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Salt ; Salt loading ; Salts ; SDT fatty rat ; Sodium Chloride ; Supplements ; Transforming growth factor-b ; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF ; Tumor necrosis factor-α ; Urea</subject><ispartof>The Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 2021, Vol.46(12), pp.589-599</ispartof><rights>2021 The Japanese Society of Toxicology</rights><rights>Copyright Japan Science and Technology Agency 2021</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c580t-44858fd35a581e2c5db6963032fc15d6681a62a2c5581cd227e66b95ce6a552e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c580t-44858fd35a581e2c5db6963032fc15d6681a62a2c5581cd227e66b95ce6a552e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1877,4010,27900,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34853244$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Teoh, Soon Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miyajima, Katsuhiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shinozaki, Yuichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shinohara, Masami</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ohata, Keiichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Briand, François</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morimoto, Rika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakamura, Yuka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uno, Kinuko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kemuriyama, Noriko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakae, Dai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ohta, Takeshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maekawa, Tatsuya</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of excessive sodium chloride loading in the spontaneously diabetic torii (SDT) fatty rats, a preclinical model of type 2 diabetes mellitus</title><title>Journal of toxicological sciences</title><addtitle>J Toxicol Sci</addtitle><description>Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents an international health concern with its growing number of patients worldwide. At the same time, excessive salt consumption is also seen as a major cause of diseases such as hypertension and may expedite renal complications in diabetic patients. In this study, we investigated the effects of excessive sodium chloride supplementation on the kidney of the Spontaneously Diabetic Torii-Leprfa (SDT fatty) rat, an obese type 2 diabetes model. Male and female SDT fatty rats and normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at 5 weeks of age were loaded with 0.3% sodium chloride (NaCl) in drinking water for 13 weeks. Blood serum and urinary parameters were observed throughout the experiment and kidney samples were examined in histopathological and genetical analyses. Significant changes on the body weight, blood pressure, urine volume, creatinine clearance, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), relative gene expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were observed in the salt-loaded male SDT fatty rats. Urinary L-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) and albumin levels were higher observed in the salt-loaded male SDT fatty rats throughout the period, but urinary albumin levels in the female SDT fatty rats remain unchanged. In the kidney, slight Armani-Ebstein changes, tubular degeneration, hyaline cast, and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in female SDT fatty rats while the levels of some changes were higher in the salt-loaded group. The kidney of the salt-loaded male SDT fatty rats demonstrated a higher degree of lesions compared to the female group and the male unloaded group. Histopathological changes in salt-loaded SDT fatty rats show that excessive salt consumption may act as a diabetic pathology exacerbation factor, but the pathology may be influenced by gender difference. Urinary L-FABP levels may act as a useful biomarker to detect slight tubular damages in the kidney. Excessive salt loading was shown to exacerbate the renal injury in SDT fatty rats.</description><subject>Albumin</subject><subject>Albumins</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Complications</subject><subject>Consumption</subject><subject>Creatinine</subject><subject>Damage detection</subject><subject>Degeneration</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2</subject><subject>Diabetic complication</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Fatty acid-binding protein</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gender differences</subject><subject>Growth factors</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>IL-1β</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Interleukins</subject><subject>Kidney</subject><subject>Kidneys</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Metastases</subject><subject>Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1</subject><subject>Monocytes</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Pathology</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Salt</subject><subject>Salt loading</subject><subject>Salts</subject><subject>SDT fatty rat</subject><subject>Sodium Chloride</subject><subject>Supplements</subject><subject>Transforming growth factor-b</subject><subject>Tumor necrosis factor-TNF</subject><subject>Tumor necrosis factor-α</subject><subject>Urea</subject><issn>0388-1350</issn><issn>1880-3989</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkc1uEzEUhS1ERUNhwwMgS2wK6gT_jB3PphIqpSBVYkFZW459p3HkGQ-2B5HX4InrkjQLVndxvnvuz0HoDSVLRjn9uC152cqlUN0ztKBKkYZ3qnuOFoQr1VAuyCl6mfOWELYion2BTnmrBGdtu0B_r_sebMk49hj-WMjZ_waco_PzgO0mxOQd4BCN8-M99iMumypPcSxmhDjnsMPOmzUUb3GpsMfnPz7fvce9KWWHkyn5Ahs8JbDBj96agIfoIDyOK7sJMDu0Q8YDhODLnF-hk96EDK8P9Qz9_HJ9d_W1uf1-8-3q021jhSKlaesNqndcGKEoMCvcWnaSE856S4WTUlEjmalC1a1jbAVSrjthQRohGPAzdL73nVL8NUMuevDZ1iX2l2kmiZCESCYr-u4_dBvnNNbt_lFMrVYdrdSHPWVTzDlBr6fkB5N2mhL9mJSuSelW6ppUhd8eLOf1AO6IPkVTgcs9sM3F3MMRMKn-OsCTF2UHx6NgNyZpGPkDjbCl9A</recordid><startdate>2021</startdate><enddate>2021</enddate><creator>Teoh, Soon Hui</creator><creator>Miyajima, Katsuhiro</creator><creator>Shinozaki, Yuichi</creator><creator>Shinohara, Masami</creator><creator>Ohata, Keiichi</creator><creator>Briand, François</creator><creator>Morimoto, Rika</creator><creator>Nakamura, Yuka</creator><creator>Uno, Kinuko</creator><creator>Kemuriyama, Noriko</creator><creator>Nakae, Dai</creator><creator>Ohta, Takeshi</creator><creator>Maekawa, Tatsuya</creator><general>The Japanese Society of Toxicology</general><general>Japan Science and Technology Agency</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2021</creationdate><title>Effects of excessive sodium chloride loading in the spontaneously diabetic torii (SDT) fatty rats, a preclinical model of type 2 diabetes mellitus</title><author>Teoh, Soon Hui ; Miyajima, Katsuhiro ; Shinozaki, Yuichi ; Shinohara, Masami ; Ohata, Keiichi ; Briand, François ; Morimoto, Rika ; Nakamura, Yuka ; Uno, Kinuko ; Kemuriyama, Noriko ; Nakae, Dai ; Ohta, Takeshi ; Maekawa, Tatsuya</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c580t-44858fd35a581e2c5db6963032fc15d6681a62a2c5581cd227e66b95ce6a552e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Albumin</topic><topic>Albumins</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biomarkers</topic><topic>Blood pressure</topic><topic>Body weight</topic><topic>Complications</topic><topic>Consumption</topic><topic>Creatinine</topic><topic>Damage detection</topic><topic>Degeneration</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2</topic><topic>Diabetic complication</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Fatty acid-binding protein</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gender differences</topic><topic>Growth factors</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypertension</topic><topic>IL-1β</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Interleukins</topic><topic>Kidney</topic><topic>Kidneys</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Males</topic><topic>Metastases</topic><topic>Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1</topic><topic>Monocytes</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Pathology</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>Salt</topic><topic>Salt loading</topic><topic>Salts</topic><topic>SDT fatty rat</topic><topic>Sodium Chloride</topic><topic>Supplements</topic><topic>Transforming growth factor-b</topic><topic>Tumor necrosis factor-TNF</topic><topic>Tumor necrosis factor-α</topic><topic>Urea</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Teoh, Soon Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miyajima, Katsuhiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shinozaki, Yuichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shinohara, Masami</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ohata, Keiichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Briand, François</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morimoto, Rika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakamura, Yuka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uno, Kinuko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kemuriyama, Noriko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakae, Dai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ohta, Takeshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maekawa, Tatsuya</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of toxicological sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Teoh, Soon Hui</au><au>Miyajima, Katsuhiro</au><au>Shinozaki, Yuichi</au><au>Shinohara, Masami</au><au>Ohata, Keiichi</au><au>Briand, François</au><au>Morimoto, Rika</au><au>Nakamura, Yuka</au><au>Uno, Kinuko</au><au>Kemuriyama, Noriko</au><au>Nakae, Dai</au><au>Ohta, Takeshi</au><au>Maekawa, Tatsuya</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of excessive sodium chloride loading in the spontaneously diabetic torii (SDT) fatty rats, a preclinical model of type 2 diabetes mellitus</atitle><jtitle>Journal of toxicological sciences</jtitle><addtitle>J Toxicol Sci</addtitle><date>2021</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>46</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>589</spage><epage>599</epage><pages>589-599</pages><issn>0388-1350</issn><eissn>1880-3989</eissn><abstract>Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents an international health concern with its growing number of patients worldwide. At the same time, excessive salt consumption is also seen as a major cause of diseases such as hypertension and may expedite renal complications in diabetic patients. In this study, we investigated the effects of excessive sodium chloride supplementation on the kidney of the Spontaneously Diabetic Torii-Leprfa (SDT fatty) rat, an obese type 2 diabetes model. Male and female SDT fatty rats and normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at 5 weeks of age were loaded with 0.3% sodium chloride (NaCl) in drinking water for 13 weeks. Blood serum and urinary parameters were observed throughout the experiment and kidney samples were examined in histopathological and genetical analyses. Significant changes on the body weight, blood pressure, urine volume, creatinine clearance, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), relative gene expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were observed in the salt-loaded male SDT fatty rats. Urinary L-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) and albumin levels were higher observed in the salt-loaded male SDT fatty rats throughout the period, but urinary albumin levels in the female SDT fatty rats remain unchanged. In the kidney, slight Armani-Ebstein changes, tubular degeneration, hyaline cast, and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in female SDT fatty rats while the levels of some changes were higher in the salt-loaded group. The kidney of the salt-loaded male SDT fatty rats demonstrated a higher degree of lesions compared to the female group and the male unloaded group. Histopathological changes in salt-loaded SDT fatty rats show that excessive salt consumption may act as a diabetic pathology exacerbation factor, but the pathology may be influenced by gender difference. Urinary L-FABP levels may act as a useful biomarker to detect slight tubular damages in the kidney. Excessive salt loading was shown to exacerbate the renal injury in SDT fatty rats.</abstract><cop>Japan</cop><pub>The Japanese Society of Toxicology</pub><pmid>34853244</pmid><doi>10.2131/jts.46.589</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0388-1350 |
| ispartof | The Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 2021, Vol.46(12), pp.589-599 |
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| source | J-STAGE Free; MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Albumin Albumins Animals Biomarkers Blood pressure Body weight Complications Consumption Creatinine Damage detection Degeneration Diabetes Diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Diabetic complication Disease Models, Animal Drinking water Fatty acid-binding protein Fatty acids Female Gender differences Growth factors Humans Hypertension IL-1β Inflammation Interleukins Kidney Kidneys Male Males Metastases Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 Monocytes Obesity Pathology Proteins Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Salt Salt loading Salts SDT fatty rat Sodium Chloride Supplements Transforming growth factor-b Tumor necrosis factor-TNF Tumor necrosis factor-α Urea |
| title | Effects of excessive sodium chloride loading in the spontaneously diabetic torii (SDT) fatty rats, a preclinical model of type 2 diabetes mellitus |
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