Development and validation of visual grading system for stenosis in intracranial atherosclerotic disease on time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography
Objectives Although the overestimation problem of time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) applying the warfarin-aspirin symptomatic intracranial disease (WASID) method to assess intracranial arterial stenosis has often been suggested, no pertinent grading system for TOF-MRA has been...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European radiology 2022-04, Vol.32 (4), p.2781-2790 |
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| creator | You, Sung-Hye Kim, Byungjun Yang, Kyung-Sook Kim, Bo Kyu Woo, Seungtae Park, Sang Eun |
| description | Objectives
Although the overestimation problem of time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) applying the warfarin-aspirin symptomatic intracranial disease (WASID) method to assess intracranial arterial stenosis has often been suggested, no pertinent grading system for TOF-MRA has been developed. We aimed to develop and evaluate the performance of a visual grading system for intracranial arterial stenosis on TOF-MRA (MRA
VICAST
).
Methods
This single-center cohort study analyzed prospective observational registry data from a comprehensive stroke center between January 2014 and February 2020. Patients with confirmed stenosis of the intracranial large arteries who underwent confirmative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were included; a 4-point grading system was developed based on physical characteristics of TOF-MRA. The overall diagnostic accuracies of MRA
VICAST
for each grade, interobserver reproducibility, and positive predictive values for > 50% and > 70% stenoses were evaluated.
Results
We analyzed 132 segments with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis from 71 patients (34 men and 37 women; mean age, 61.0 ± 15.25 years; range, 21–89 years). The overall diagnostic accuracy of MRA
VICAST
(93.9%, 124/132) was higher than that of MRA
WASID
(50.8%, 67/132) for each grade. The degree of stenosis did not differ significantly between MRA
VICAST
and DSA
WASID
(
p
= .849). Regarding reproducibility, MRA
VICAST
demonstrated excellent interobserver agreement (ICC, 0.989; 95% CI, 0.979–0.999). The positive predictive values of MRA
VICAST
for the diagnosis of > 50% and > 70% stenoses were 97.3% and 100.0%, respectively.
Conclusions
The new intuitive grading system accurately and reliably determined the degree of stenosis in intracranial arterial atherosclerosis patients. MRA
VICAST
could be a versatile alternative to MRA
WASID
for evaluating intracranial arterial stenosis.
Key Points
•
In this retrospective diagnostic study (sample: 132 stenotic segments), the overall accuracy of the visual grading system (MRA
VICAST
) was 94%, and positive predictive value for
>
50% stenosis was 97%.
•
In the era of medical treatment for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis, MRA
VICAST
could be a versatile alternative method to MRA
WASID
for evaluating intracranial arterial stenosis. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00330-021-08319-5 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2604456674</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2604456674</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-a4474b6140c810d4750b2ccf236c3708434f7c51ad89b659024ee6c926795ac43</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kc-KFDEQxoMo7rj6Ah4k4MVL3Eon6XSOsv6Fhb245yaTru7J0p2MSXpgHsW3NbOzKngQilRBfvVVUR8hrzm85wD6KgMIAQwazqAT3DD1hGy4FA3j0MmnZANGdEwbIy_Ii5zvAcBwqZ-TCyE7YYRuNuTnRzzgHPcLhkJtGOjBzn6wxcdA40gPPq92plOygw8TzcdccKFjTLQWIWafqQ81SrIu2eAra8sOU8xurm_xjg4-o81Iq2DxC7I4snH2067QxU4BT0jCHIMNDusGk4912n53fEmejXbO-OoxX5K7z5--X39lN7dfvl1_uGFOaFWYlVLLbcsluI7DILWCbePc2Ii2AvUOQo7aKW6HzmxbZaCRiK0zTauNsk6KS_LurLtP8ceKufSLzw7n2QaMa-6bFqRUbatP6Nt_0Pu4plC3q5ToOiWV0JVqzpSrZ8gJx36f_GLTsefQn4zrz8b11bj-wbhe1aY3j9LrdsHhT8tvpyogzkCuX2HC9Hf2f2R_AZgPpgc</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2638854537</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Development and validation of visual grading system for stenosis in intracranial atherosclerotic disease on time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>You, Sung-Hye ; Kim, Byungjun ; Yang, Kyung-Sook ; Kim, Bo Kyu ; Woo, Seungtae ; Park, Sang Eun</creator><creatorcontrib>You, Sung-Hye ; Kim, Byungjun ; Yang, Kyung-Sook ; Kim, Bo Kyu ; Woo, Seungtae ; Park, Sang Eun</creatorcontrib><description>Objectives
Although the overestimation problem of time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) applying the warfarin-aspirin symptomatic intracranial disease (WASID) method to assess intracranial arterial stenosis has often been suggested, no pertinent grading system for TOF-MRA has been developed. We aimed to develop and evaluate the performance of a visual grading system for intracranial arterial stenosis on TOF-MRA (MRA
VICAST
).
Methods
This single-center cohort study analyzed prospective observational registry data from a comprehensive stroke center between January 2014 and February 2020. Patients with confirmed stenosis of the intracranial large arteries who underwent confirmative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were included; a 4-point grading system was developed based on physical characteristics of TOF-MRA. The overall diagnostic accuracies of MRA
VICAST
for each grade, interobserver reproducibility, and positive predictive values for > 50% and > 70% stenoses were evaluated.
Results
We analyzed 132 segments with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis from 71 patients (34 men and 37 women; mean age, 61.0 ± 15.25 years; range, 21–89 years). The overall diagnostic accuracy of MRA
VICAST
(93.9%, 124/132) was higher than that of MRA
WASID
(50.8%, 67/132) for each grade. The degree of stenosis did not differ significantly between MRA
VICAST
and DSA
WASID
(
p
= .849). Regarding reproducibility, MRA
VICAST
demonstrated excellent interobserver agreement (ICC, 0.989; 95% CI, 0.979–0.999). The positive predictive values of MRA
VICAST
for the diagnosis of > 50% and > 70% stenoses were 97.3% and 100.0%, respectively.
Conclusions
The new intuitive grading system accurately and reliably determined the degree of stenosis in intracranial arterial atherosclerosis patients. MRA
VICAST
could be a versatile alternative to MRA
WASID
for evaluating intracranial arterial stenosis.
Key Points
•
In this retrospective diagnostic study (sample: 132 stenotic segments), the overall accuracy of the visual grading system (MRA
VICAST
) was 94%, and positive predictive value for
>
50% stenosis was 97%.
•
In the era of medical treatment for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis, MRA
VICAST
could be a versatile alternative method to MRA
WASID
for evaluating intracranial arterial stenosis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0938-7994</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1084</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08319-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34839372</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Aged ; Angiography ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Arteries ; Arteriosclerosis ; Aspirin ; Atherosclerosis ; Cohort Studies ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnostic Radiology ; Diagnostic systems ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging ; Internal Medicine ; Interventional Radiology ; Intracranial Arteriosclerosis - diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic resonance ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Male ; Medical imaging ; Medical treatment ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Middle Aged ; Neuro ; Neuroradiology ; Patients ; Performance evaluation ; Physical characteristics ; Physical properties ; Radiology ; Reproducibility ; Reproducibility of Results ; Resonance ; Retrospective Studies ; Segments ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stenosis ; Ultrasound ; Visual flight</subject><ispartof>European radiology, 2022-04, Vol.32 (4), p.2781-2790</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Radiology 2021</rights><rights>2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Radiology.</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Radiology 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-a4474b6140c810d4750b2ccf236c3708434f7c51ad89b659024ee6c926795ac43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-a4474b6140c810d4750b2ccf236c3708434f7c51ad89b659024ee6c926795ac43</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9462-5885</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00330-021-08319-5$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00330-021-08319-5$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34839372$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>You, Sung-Hye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Byungjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Kyung-Sook</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Bo Kyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Woo, Seungtae</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Sang Eun</creatorcontrib><title>Development and validation of visual grading system for stenosis in intracranial atherosclerotic disease on time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography</title><title>European radiology</title><addtitle>Eur Radiol</addtitle><addtitle>Eur Radiol</addtitle><description>Objectives
Although the overestimation problem of time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) applying the warfarin-aspirin symptomatic intracranial disease (WASID) method to assess intracranial arterial stenosis has often been suggested, no pertinent grading system for TOF-MRA has been developed. We aimed to develop and evaluate the performance of a visual grading system for intracranial arterial stenosis on TOF-MRA (MRA
VICAST
).
Methods
This single-center cohort study analyzed prospective observational registry data from a comprehensive stroke center between January 2014 and February 2020. Patients with confirmed stenosis of the intracranial large arteries who underwent confirmative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were included; a 4-point grading system was developed based on physical characteristics of TOF-MRA. The overall diagnostic accuracies of MRA
VICAST
for each grade, interobserver reproducibility, and positive predictive values for > 50% and > 70% stenoses were evaluated.
Results
We analyzed 132 segments with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis from 71 patients (34 men and 37 women; mean age, 61.0 ± 15.25 years; range, 21–89 years). The overall diagnostic accuracy of MRA
VICAST
(93.9%, 124/132) was higher than that of MRA
WASID
(50.8%, 67/132) for each grade. The degree of stenosis did not differ significantly between MRA
VICAST
and DSA
WASID
(
p
= .849). Regarding reproducibility, MRA
VICAST
demonstrated excellent interobserver agreement (ICC, 0.989; 95% CI, 0.979–0.999). The positive predictive values of MRA
VICAST
for the diagnosis of > 50% and > 70% stenoses were 97.3% and 100.0%, respectively.
Conclusions
The new intuitive grading system accurately and reliably determined the degree of stenosis in intracranial arterial atherosclerosis patients. MRA
VICAST
could be a versatile alternative to MRA
WASID
for evaluating intracranial arterial stenosis.
Key Points
•
In this retrospective diagnostic study (sample: 132 stenotic segments), the overall accuracy of the visual grading system (MRA
VICAST
) was 94%, and positive predictive value for
>
50% stenosis was 97%.
•
In the era of medical treatment for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis, MRA
VICAST
could be a versatile alternative method to MRA
WASID
for evaluating intracranial arterial stenosis.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Angiography</subject><subject>Angiography, Digital Subtraction</subject><subject>Arteries</subject><subject>Arteriosclerosis</subject><subject>Aspirin</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Constriction, Pathologic</subject><subject>Diagnostic Radiology</subject><subject>Diagnostic systems</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Imaging</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Interventional Radiology</subject><subject>Intracranial Arteriosclerosis - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Angiography</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical imaging</subject><subject>Medical treatment</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Neuro</subject><subject>Neuroradiology</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Performance evaluation</subject><subject>Physical characteristics</subject><subject>Physical properties</subject><subject>Radiology</subject><subject>Reproducibility</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Resonance</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Segments</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>Stenosis</subject><subject>Ultrasound</subject><subject>Visual flight</subject><issn>0938-7994</issn><issn>1432-1084</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc-KFDEQxoMo7rj6Ah4k4MVL3Eon6XSOsv6Fhb245yaTru7J0p2MSXpgHsW3NbOzKngQilRBfvVVUR8hrzm85wD6KgMIAQwazqAT3DD1hGy4FA3j0MmnZANGdEwbIy_Ii5zvAcBwqZ-TCyE7YYRuNuTnRzzgHPcLhkJtGOjBzn6wxcdA40gPPq92plOygw8TzcdccKFjTLQWIWafqQ81SrIu2eAra8sOU8xurm_xjg4-o81Iq2DxC7I4snH2067QxU4BT0jCHIMNDusGk4912n53fEmejXbO-OoxX5K7z5--X39lN7dfvl1_uGFOaFWYlVLLbcsluI7DILWCbePc2Ii2AvUOQo7aKW6HzmxbZaCRiK0zTauNsk6KS_LurLtP8ceKufSLzw7n2QaMa-6bFqRUbatP6Nt_0Pu4plC3q5ToOiWV0JVqzpSrZ8gJx36f_GLTsefQn4zrz8b11bj-wbhe1aY3j9LrdsHhT8tvpyogzkCuX2HC9Hf2f2R_AZgPpgc</recordid><startdate>20220401</startdate><enddate>20220401</enddate><creator>You, Sung-Hye</creator><creator>Kim, Byungjun</creator><creator>Yang, Kyung-Sook</creator><creator>Kim, Bo Kyu</creator><creator>Woo, Seungtae</creator><creator>Park, Sang Eun</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9462-5885</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220401</creationdate><title>Development and validation of visual grading system for stenosis in intracranial atherosclerotic disease on time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography</title><author>You, Sung-Hye ; Kim, Byungjun ; Yang, Kyung-Sook ; Kim, Bo Kyu ; Woo, Seungtae ; Park, Sang Eun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-a4474b6140c810d4750b2ccf236c3708434f7c51ad89b659024ee6c926795ac43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Angiography</topic><topic>Angiography, Digital Subtraction</topic><topic>Arteries</topic><topic>Arteriosclerosis</topic><topic>Aspirin</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Constriction, Pathologic</topic><topic>Diagnostic Radiology</topic><topic>Diagnostic systems</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Imaging</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Interventional Radiology</topic><topic>Intracranial Arteriosclerosis - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Magnetic resonance</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Angiography</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical imaging</topic><topic>Medical treatment</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Neuro</topic><topic>Neuroradiology</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Performance evaluation</topic><topic>Physical characteristics</topic><topic>Physical properties</topic><topic>Radiology</topic><topic>Reproducibility</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Resonance</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Segments</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><topic>Stenosis</topic><topic>Ultrasound</topic><topic>Visual flight</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>You, Sung-Hye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Byungjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Kyung-Sook</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Bo Kyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Woo, Seungtae</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Sang Eun</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest_Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database (1962 - 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Academic</collection><jtitle>European radiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>You, Sung-Hye</au><au>Kim, Byungjun</au><au>Yang, Kyung-Sook</au><au>Kim, Bo Kyu</au><au>Woo, Seungtae</au><au>Park, Sang Eun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Development and validation of visual grading system for stenosis in intracranial atherosclerotic disease on time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography</atitle><jtitle>European radiology</jtitle><stitle>Eur Radiol</stitle><addtitle>Eur Radiol</addtitle><date>2022-04-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>32</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>2781</spage><epage>2790</epage><pages>2781-2790</pages><issn>0938-7994</issn><eissn>1432-1084</eissn><abstract>Objectives
Although the overestimation problem of time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) applying the warfarin-aspirin symptomatic intracranial disease (WASID) method to assess intracranial arterial stenosis has often been suggested, no pertinent grading system for TOF-MRA has been developed. We aimed to develop and evaluate the performance of a visual grading system for intracranial arterial stenosis on TOF-MRA (MRA
VICAST
).
Methods
This single-center cohort study analyzed prospective observational registry data from a comprehensive stroke center between January 2014 and February 2020. Patients with confirmed stenosis of the intracranial large arteries who underwent confirmative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were included; a 4-point grading system was developed based on physical characteristics of TOF-MRA. The overall diagnostic accuracies of MRA
VICAST
for each grade, interobserver reproducibility, and positive predictive values for > 50% and > 70% stenoses were evaluated.
Results
We analyzed 132 segments with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis from 71 patients (34 men and 37 women; mean age, 61.0 ± 15.25 years; range, 21–89 years). The overall diagnostic accuracy of MRA
VICAST
(93.9%, 124/132) was higher than that of MRA
WASID
(50.8%, 67/132) for each grade. The degree of stenosis did not differ significantly between MRA
VICAST
and DSA
WASID
(
p
= .849). Regarding reproducibility, MRA
VICAST
demonstrated excellent interobserver agreement (ICC, 0.989; 95% CI, 0.979–0.999). The positive predictive values of MRA
VICAST
for the diagnosis of > 50% and > 70% stenoses were 97.3% and 100.0%, respectively.
Conclusions
The new intuitive grading system accurately and reliably determined the degree of stenosis in intracranial arterial atherosclerosis patients. MRA
VICAST
could be a versatile alternative to MRA
WASID
for evaluating intracranial arterial stenosis.
Key Points
•
In this retrospective diagnostic study (sample: 132 stenotic segments), the overall accuracy of the visual grading system (MRA
VICAST
) was 94%, and positive predictive value for
>
50% stenosis was 97%.
•
In the era of medical treatment for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis, MRA
VICAST
could be a versatile alternative method to MRA
WASID
for evaluating intracranial arterial stenosis.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>34839372</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00330-021-08319-5</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9462-5885</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | European radiology, 2022-04, Vol.32 (4), p.2781-2790 |
| issn | 0938-7994 1432-1084 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2604456674 |
| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Aged Angiography Angiography, Digital Subtraction Arteries Arteriosclerosis Aspirin Atherosclerosis Cohort Studies Constriction, Pathologic Diagnostic Radiology Diagnostic systems Female Humans Imaging Internal Medicine Interventional Radiology Intracranial Arteriosclerosis - diagnostic imaging Magnetic resonance Magnetic Resonance Angiography Male Medical imaging Medical treatment Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Neuro Neuroradiology Patients Performance evaluation Physical characteristics Physical properties Radiology Reproducibility Reproducibility of Results Resonance Retrospective Studies Segments Sensitivity and Specificity Stenosis Ultrasound Visual flight |
| title | Development and validation of visual grading system for stenosis in intracranial atherosclerotic disease on time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography |
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