Indoor air quality impacts of residential mechanical ventilation system retrofits in existing homes in Chicago, IL
Mechanical ventilation systems are used in residences to introduce ventilation air and dilute indoor-generated pollutants. A variety of ventilation system types can be used in home retrofits, influencing indoor air quality (IAQ) in different ways. Here we describe the Breathe Easy Project, a >2-y...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Science of the total environment 2022-01, Vol.804, p.150129-150129, Article 150129 |
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| creator | Kang, Insung McCreery, Anna Azimi, Parham Gramigna, Amanda Baca, Griselda Abromitis, Kari Wang, Mingyu Zeng, Yicheng Scheu, Rachel Crowder, Tim Evens, Anne Stephens, Brent |
| description | Mechanical ventilation systems are used in residences to introduce ventilation air and dilute indoor-generated pollutants. A variety of ventilation system types can be used in home retrofits, influencing indoor air quality (IAQ) in different ways. Here we describe the Breathe Easy Project, a >2-year longitudinal, pseudo-randomized, crossover study designed to assess IAQ and adult asthma outcomes before and after installing residential mechanical ventilation systems in 40 existing homes in Chicago, IL. Each home received one of three types of ventilation systems: continuous exhaust-only, intermittent powered central-fan-integrated-supply (CFIS), or continuous balanced system with an energy recovery ventilator (ERV). Homes with central heating and/or cooling systems also received MERV 10 filter replacements. Approximately weeklong field measurements were conducted at each home on a quarterly basis throughout the study to monitor environmental conditions, ventilation operation, and indoor and outdoor pollutants, including size-resolved particles (0.3–10 μm), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and indoor formaldehyde (HCHO). Mean reductions in indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios across all systems after the intervention were approximately 12% (p = 0.001), 10% (p = 0.008), 42% (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150129 |
| format | Article |
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[Display omitted]
•Measured indoor air quality impacts of residential mechanical ventilation retrofits•Evaluated continuous exhaust, continuous balanced, and intermittent supply systems•2-Year crossover study with quarterly weeklong field visits pre- and post-retrofit•Ventilation (and filtration) retrofits reduced indoor/outdoor pollutant ratios.•Continuous ventilation systems were more effective than intermittent.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0048-9697</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1026</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150129</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34798726</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Adult ; Air Pollutants - analysis ; Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis ; Chicago ; Cross-Over Studies ; Field measurements ; Humans ; Indoor air quality ; Infiltration ; Residential mechanical ventilation ; Respiration, Artificial</subject><ispartof>The Science of the total environment, 2022-01, Vol.804, p.150129-150129, Article 150129</ispartof><rights>2021 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c437t-2623c6d0c163b48064013a8a7b8bb9fbc3bad12906b3ae6fe9d30284ed01f55f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c437t-2623c6d0c163b48064013a8a7b8bb9fbc3bad12906b3ae6fe9d30284ed01f55f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150129$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,782,786,3554,27933,27934,46004</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34798726$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kang, Insung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCreery, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azimi, Parham</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gramigna, Amanda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baca, Griselda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abromitis, Kari</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Mingyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeng, Yicheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scheu, Rachel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crowder, Tim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Evens, Anne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stephens, Brent</creatorcontrib><title>Indoor air quality impacts of residential mechanical ventilation system retrofits in existing homes in Chicago, IL</title><title>The Science of the total environment</title><addtitle>Sci Total Environ</addtitle><description>Mechanical ventilation systems are used in residences to introduce ventilation air and dilute indoor-generated pollutants. A variety of ventilation system types can be used in home retrofits, influencing indoor air quality (IAQ) in different ways. Here we describe the Breathe Easy Project, a >2-year longitudinal, pseudo-randomized, crossover study designed to assess IAQ and adult asthma outcomes before and after installing residential mechanical ventilation systems in 40 existing homes in Chicago, IL. Each home received one of three types of ventilation systems: continuous exhaust-only, intermittent powered central-fan-integrated-supply (CFIS), or continuous balanced system with an energy recovery ventilator (ERV). Homes with central heating and/or cooling systems also received MERV 10 filter replacements. Approximately weeklong field measurements were conducted at each home on a quarterly basis throughout the study to monitor environmental conditions, ventilation operation, and indoor and outdoor pollutants, including size-resolved particles (0.3–10 μm), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and indoor formaldehyde (HCHO). Mean reductions in indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios across all systems after the intervention were approximately 12% (p = 0.001), 10% (p = 0.008), 42% (p < 0.001), 39% (p = 0.002), and 33% (p = 0.007), for CO2, NO2, and estimated PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, respectively. There was a reduction in I/O ratios for all measured constituents with each type of system, on average, but with varying magnitude and levels of statistical significance. The magnitudes of mean differences in I/O pollutant concentrations ratios were generally largest for most pollutants in the homes that received continuous balanced with ERV and smallest in the homes that received intermittent CFIS systems, with apparent benefits to providing ventilation continuously rather than intermittently. All ventilation system types maintained similar indoor temperatures during pre- and post-intervention periods.
[Display omitted]
•Measured indoor air quality impacts of residential mechanical ventilation retrofits•Evaluated continuous exhaust, continuous balanced, and intermittent supply systems•2-Year crossover study with quarterly weeklong field visits pre- and post-retrofit•Ventilation (and filtration) retrofits reduced indoor/outdoor pollutant ratios.•Continuous ventilation systems were more effective than intermittent.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis</subject><subject>Chicago</subject><subject>Cross-Over Studies</subject><subject>Field measurements</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Indoor air quality</subject><subject>Infiltration</subject><subject>Residential mechanical ventilation</subject><subject>Respiration, Artificial</subject><issn>0048-9697</issn><issn>1879-1026</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkE1vGyEQhlHVqnHS_oWWYw9dh481sMfIShpLlnpJz4iF2RhrFxzAVv3vg-vE13IZNHreGc2D0HdK5pRQcbudZ-tLLBAOc0YYndMFoaz7gGZUya6hhImPaEZIq5pOdPIKXee8JfVJRT-jK97KTkkmZiitgosxYeMTftmb0Zcj9tPO2JJxHHCC7B2E4s2IJ7AbE7yt38OpNZriY8D5mAtMlSwpDr7GfMDw1-fiwzPexAn-dZabGnyOP_Fq_QV9GsyY4etbvUF_Hu6flo_N-vev1fJu3diWy9IwwbgVjlgqeN8qIlpCuVFG9qrvu6G3vDeu3kxEzw2IATrHCVMtOEKHxWLgN-jHee4uxZc95KInny2MowkQ91kzQSrPleQVlWfUpphzgkHvkp9MOmpK9Em43uqLcH0Srs_Ca_Lb25J9P4G75N4NV-DuDEA99eAhnQZBsOB8Alu0i_6_S14BIVyYMg</recordid><startdate>20220115</startdate><enddate>20220115</enddate><creator>Kang, Insung</creator><creator>McCreery, Anna</creator><creator>Azimi, Parham</creator><creator>Gramigna, Amanda</creator><creator>Baca, Griselda</creator><creator>Abromitis, Kari</creator><creator>Wang, Mingyu</creator><creator>Zeng, Yicheng</creator><creator>Scheu, Rachel</creator><creator>Crowder, Tim</creator><creator>Evens, Anne</creator><creator>Stephens, Brent</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20220115</creationdate><title>Indoor air quality impacts of residential mechanical ventilation system retrofits in existing homes in Chicago, IL</title><author>Kang, Insung ; McCreery, Anna ; Azimi, Parham ; Gramigna, Amanda ; Baca, Griselda ; Abromitis, Kari ; Wang, Mingyu ; Zeng, Yicheng ; Scheu, Rachel ; Crowder, Tim ; Evens, Anne ; Stephens, Brent</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c437t-2623c6d0c163b48064013a8a7b8bb9fbc3bad12906b3ae6fe9d30284ed01f55f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Air Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis</topic><topic>Chicago</topic><topic>Cross-Over Studies</topic><topic>Field measurements</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Indoor air quality</topic><topic>Infiltration</topic><topic>Residential mechanical ventilation</topic><topic>Respiration, Artificial</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kang, Insung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCreery, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azimi, Parham</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gramigna, Amanda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baca, Griselda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abromitis, Kari</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Mingyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeng, Yicheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scheu, Rachel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crowder, Tim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Evens, Anne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stephens, Brent</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Science of the total environment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kang, Insung</au><au>McCreery, Anna</au><au>Azimi, Parham</au><au>Gramigna, Amanda</au><au>Baca, Griselda</au><au>Abromitis, Kari</au><au>Wang, Mingyu</au><au>Zeng, Yicheng</au><au>Scheu, Rachel</au><au>Crowder, Tim</au><au>Evens, Anne</au><au>Stephens, Brent</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Indoor air quality impacts of residential mechanical ventilation system retrofits in existing homes in Chicago, IL</atitle><jtitle>The Science of the total environment</jtitle><addtitle>Sci Total Environ</addtitle><date>2022-01-15</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>804</volume><spage>150129</spage><epage>150129</epage><pages>150129-150129</pages><artnum>150129</artnum><issn>0048-9697</issn><eissn>1879-1026</eissn><abstract>Mechanical ventilation systems are used in residences to introduce ventilation air and dilute indoor-generated pollutants. A variety of ventilation system types can be used in home retrofits, influencing indoor air quality (IAQ) in different ways. Here we describe the Breathe Easy Project, a >2-year longitudinal, pseudo-randomized, crossover study designed to assess IAQ and adult asthma outcomes before and after installing residential mechanical ventilation systems in 40 existing homes in Chicago, IL. Each home received one of three types of ventilation systems: continuous exhaust-only, intermittent powered central-fan-integrated-supply (CFIS), or continuous balanced system with an energy recovery ventilator (ERV). Homes with central heating and/or cooling systems also received MERV 10 filter replacements. Approximately weeklong field measurements were conducted at each home on a quarterly basis throughout the study to monitor environmental conditions, ventilation operation, and indoor and outdoor pollutants, including size-resolved particles (0.3–10 μm), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and indoor formaldehyde (HCHO). Mean reductions in indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios across all systems after the intervention were approximately 12% (p = 0.001), 10% (p = 0.008), 42% (p < 0.001), 39% (p = 0.002), and 33% (p = 0.007), for CO2, NO2, and estimated PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, respectively. There was a reduction in I/O ratios for all measured constituents with each type of system, on average, but with varying magnitude and levels of statistical significance. The magnitudes of mean differences in I/O pollutant concentrations ratios were generally largest for most pollutants in the homes that received continuous balanced with ERV and smallest in the homes that received intermittent CFIS systems, with apparent benefits to providing ventilation continuously rather than intermittently. All ventilation system types maintained similar indoor temperatures during pre- and post-intervention periods.
[Display omitted]
•Measured indoor air quality impacts of residential mechanical ventilation retrofits•Evaluated continuous exhaust, continuous balanced, and intermittent supply systems•2-Year crossover study with quarterly weeklong field visits pre- and post-retrofit•Ventilation (and filtration) retrofits reduced indoor/outdoor pollutant ratios.•Continuous ventilation systems were more effective than intermittent.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>34798726</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150129</doi><tpages>1</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Air Pollutants - analysis Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis Chicago Cross-Over Studies Field measurements Humans Indoor air quality Infiltration Residential mechanical ventilation Respiration, Artificial |
| title | Indoor air quality impacts of residential mechanical ventilation system retrofits in existing homes in Chicago, IL |
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