Superiority of Adipose-derived CD34 + Cells over Adipose-derived Stem Cells in Promoting Ischemic Tissue Survival
Background Tissue ischemia usually leads to necrosis and is a threatening condition associated with reconstructive surgery. Promoting the survival of ischemic tissue is critical for improving clinical outcomes. Although various solutions based on stem cells have been reported, there are still limita...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Stem cell reviews and reports 2022-02, Vol.18 (2), p.660-671 |
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| creator | Liu, Yan-Jun Zhang, Tian-Yu Tan, Poh-Ching Zhang, Pei-Qi Xie, Yun Li, Qing-Feng Zhou, Shuang-Bai |
| description | Background
Tissue ischemia usually leads to necrosis and is a threatening condition associated with reconstructive surgery. Promoting the survival of ischemic tissue is critical for improving clinical outcomes. Although various solutions based on stem cells have been reported, there are still limitations to clinical translation. The aim of this study was to develop an effective method to promote the survival of ischemic tissue.
Methods
Adipose-derived CD34 + and CD34- cells were obtained by magnetic bead sorting from the stromal vascular faction (SVF). Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were collected by subculture. The angiogenic capacities of CD34 + cells, CD34- cells and ADSCs were evaluated in vitro by comparing mRNA and protein expression. Random axial flaps in nude mice were used to evaluate the efficacy of these cells in protecting tissue from necrosis. The effect of these cells in preventing inflammation was also evaluated.
Results
Our data suggest that CD34 + cells expressed higher levels of angiogenetic factors and lower levels of inflammatory factors than the other cell types. More vessel branches were formed when human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with conditioned medium from CD34 + cells than conditioned medium from the other cell types. Compared to ADSCs, CD34 + cells showed significantly higher efficacy in promoting tissue survival. More CD31 + cells and higher levels of angiogenic factors were observed in tissues from the CD34 + group than in those from the other groups. Lower levels of the proinflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1b and higher levels of anti-inflammatory factors were found in the CD34 + group than in the other groups.
Conclusion
Adipose-derived CD34 + cells showed better efficacy in improving ischemic tissue survival than ADSCs by reducing tissue inflammation and promoting angiogenesis. CD34 + cells can be obtained easily and may be suitable for clinical applications.
Graphical abstract |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12015-021-10276-x |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2598537235</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2598537235</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-e90a1fc0873e2dd78ecaf47e62954630a82bf87b09760b4aa80e5601b5ed2a663</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kc9KHTEUxoNUqlhfoAsJuCmUaU_-zyzlWltBULi6DpmZMzZyZ3JNZi6667av6ZM07agFBRfhhJzf9-UcPkI-MvjCAMzXxDgwVQBnBQNudHG3RXa55lUhuDHvnu-62iH7Kd0AABcgs-Y92RHSlMZUcpdMy2mN0Yfox3saOnrU-nVIWLT5cYMtXRwL-fDr9-d8FrhaJRo2GF9RyxF7Ovf9QC9i6MPoh2t6mpqf2PuGXvqUJqTLKW78xq0-kO3OrRLuP9Y9cnXy7XLxozg7_366ODorGmHUWGAFjnUNlEYgb1tTYuM6aTBvpqQW4Eped6WpoTIaaulcCag0sFphy53WYo98mn3XMdxOmEbb-9TkOd2AYUqWq6pUwnChMnr4Ar0JUxzydJZrCUpzySBTfKaaGFKK2Nl19L2L95aB_ZuLnXOxORf7Lxd7l0UHj9ZT3WP7LHlKIQNiBlJuDdcY___9hu0fDZOaHg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2640562410</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Superiority of Adipose-derived CD34 + Cells over Adipose-derived Stem Cells in Promoting Ischemic Tissue Survival</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals</source><creator>Liu, Yan-Jun ; Zhang, Tian-Yu ; Tan, Poh-Ching ; Zhang, Pei-Qi ; Xie, Yun ; Li, Qing-Feng ; Zhou, Shuang-Bai</creator><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yan-Jun ; Zhang, Tian-Yu ; Tan, Poh-Ching ; Zhang, Pei-Qi ; Xie, Yun ; Li, Qing-Feng ; Zhou, Shuang-Bai</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Tissue ischemia usually leads to necrosis and is a threatening condition associated with reconstructive surgery. Promoting the survival of ischemic tissue is critical for improving clinical outcomes. Although various solutions based on stem cells have been reported, there are still limitations to clinical translation. The aim of this study was to develop an effective method to promote the survival of ischemic tissue.
Methods
Adipose-derived CD34 + and CD34- cells were obtained by magnetic bead sorting from the stromal vascular faction (SVF). Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were collected by subculture. The angiogenic capacities of CD34 + cells, CD34- cells and ADSCs were evaluated in vitro by comparing mRNA and protein expression. Random axial flaps in nude mice were used to evaluate the efficacy of these cells in protecting tissue from necrosis. The effect of these cells in preventing inflammation was also evaluated.
Results
Our data suggest that CD34 + cells expressed higher levels of angiogenetic factors and lower levels of inflammatory factors than the other cell types. More vessel branches were formed when human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with conditioned medium from CD34 + cells than conditioned medium from the other cell types. Compared to ADSCs, CD34 + cells showed significantly higher efficacy in promoting tissue survival. More CD31 + cells and higher levels of angiogenic factors were observed in tissues from the CD34 + group than in those from the other groups. Lower levels of the proinflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1b and higher levels of anti-inflammatory factors were found in the CD34 + group than in the other groups.
Conclusion
Adipose-derived CD34 + cells showed better efficacy in improving ischemic tissue survival than ADSCs by reducing tissue inflammation and promoting angiogenesis. CD34 + cells can be obtained easily and may be suitable for clinical applications.
Graphical abstract</description><identifier>ISSN: 2629-3269</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2629-3277</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10276-x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34787794</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Angiogenesis ; Animals ; Antigens, CD34 - metabolism ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering ; CD34 antigen ; Cell Biology ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media, Conditioned - metabolism ; Endothelial cells ; Gene expression ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - metabolism ; Humans ; IL-1β ; Inflammation ; Inflammation - metabolism ; Interleukin 1 ; Ischemia ; Ischemia - metabolism ; Ischemia - therapy ; Life Sciences ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; mRNA ; Necrosis - metabolism ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Reconstructive surgery ; Regenerative Medicine/Tissue Engineering ; Stem cell transplantation ; Stem Cells ; Subculture ; Tissue Survival ; Tumor necrosis factor-α ; Umbilical vein</subject><ispartof>Stem cell reviews and reports, 2022-02, Vol.18 (2), p.660-671</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-e90a1fc0873e2dd78ecaf47e62954630a82bf87b09760b4aa80e5601b5ed2a663</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-e90a1fc0873e2dd78ecaf47e62954630a82bf87b09760b4aa80e5601b5ed2a663</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5934-1991</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12015-021-10276-x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12015-021-10276-x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906,41469,42538,51300</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34787794$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yan-Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Tian-Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tan, Poh-Ching</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Pei-Qi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xie, Yun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Qing-Feng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Shuang-Bai</creatorcontrib><title>Superiority of Adipose-derived CD34 + Cells over Adipose-derived Stem Cells in Promoting Ischemic Tissue Survival</title><title>Stem cell reviews and reports</title><addtitle>Stem Cell Rev and Rep</addtitle><addtitle>Stem Cell Rev Rep</addtitle><description>Background
Tissue ischemia usually leads to necrosis and is a threatening condition associated with reconstructive surgery. Promoting the survival of ischemic tissue is critical for improving clinical outcomes. Although various solutions based on stem cells have been reported, there are still limitations to clinical translation. The aim of this study was to develop an effective method to promote the survival of ischemic tissue.
Methods
Adipose-derived CD34 + and CD34- cells were obtained by magnetic bead sorting from the stromal vascular faction (SVF). Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were collected by subculture. The angiogenic capacities of CD34 + cells, CD34- cells and ADSCs were evaluated in vitro by comparing mRNA and protein expression. Random axial flaps in nude mice were used to evaluate the efficacy of these cells in protecting tissue from necrosis. The effect of these cells in preventing inflammation was also evaluated.
Results
Our data suggest that CD34 + cells expressed higher levels of angiogenetic factors and lower levels of inflammatory factors than the other cell types. More vessel branches were formed when human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with conditioned medium from CD34 + cells than conditioned medium from the other cell types. Compared to ADSCs, CD34 + cells showed significantly higher efficacy in promoting tissue survival. More CD31 + cells and higher levels of angiogenic factors were observed in tissues from the CD34 + group than in those from the other groups. Lower levels of the proinflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1b and higher levels of anti-inflammatory factors were found in the CD34 + group than in the other groups.
Conclusion
Adipose-derived CD34 + cells showed better efficacy in improving ischemic tissue survival than ADSCs by reducing tissue inflammation and promoting angiogenesis. CD34 + cells can be obtained easily and may be suitable for clinical applications.
Graphical abstract</description><subject>Angiogenesis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antigens, CD34 - metabolism</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering</subject><subject>CD34 antigen</subject><subject>Cell Biology</subject><subject>Cells, Cultured</subject><subject>Culture Media, Conditioned - metabolism</subject><subject>Endothelial cells</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - metabolism</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>IL-1β</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Inflammation - metabolism</subject><subject>Interleukin 1</subject><subject>Ischemia</subject><subject>Ischemia - metabolism</subject><subject>Ischemia - therapy</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Nude</subject><subject>mRNA</subject><subject>Necrosis - metabolism</subject><subject>Neovascularization, Physiologic</subject><subject>Reconstructive surgery</subject><subject>Regenerative Medicine/Tissue Engineering</subject><subject>Stem cell transplantation</subject><subject>Stem Cells</subject><subject>Subculture</subject><subject>Tissue Survival</subject><subject>Tumor necrosis factor-α</subject><subject>Umbilical vein</subject><issn>2629-3269</issn><issn>2629-3277</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc9KHTEUxoNUqlhfoAsJuCmUaU_-zyzlWltBULi6DpmZMzZyZ3JNZi6667av6ZM07agFBRfhhJzf9-UcPkI-MvjCAMzXxDgwVQBnBQNudHG3RXa55lUhuDHvnu-62iH7Kd0AABcgs-Y92RHSlMZUcpdMy2mN0Yfox3saOnrU-nVIWLT5cYMtXRwL-fDr9-d8FrhaJRo2GF9RyxF7Ovf9QC9i6MPoh2t6mpqf2PuGXvqUJqTLKW78xq0-kO3OrRLuP9Y9cnXy7XLxozg7_366ODorGmHUWGAFjnUNlEYgb1tTYuM6aTBvpqQW4Eped6WpoTIaaulcCag0sFphy53WYo98mn3XMdxOmEbb-9TkOd2AYUqWq6pUwnChMnr4Ar0JUxzydJZrCUpzySBTfKaaGFKK2Nl19L2L95aB_ZuLnXOxORf7Lxd7l0UHj9ZT3WP7LHlKIQNiBlJuDdcY___9hu0fDZOaHg</recordid><startdate>20220201</startdate><enddate>20220201</enddate><creator>Liu, Yan-Jun</creator><creator>Zhang, Tian-Yu</creator><creator>Tan, Poh-Ching</creator><creator>Zhang, Pei-Qi</creator><creator>Xie, Yun</creator><creator>Li, Qing-Feng</creator><creator>Zhou, Shuang-Bai</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5934-1991</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220201</creationdate><title>Superiority of Adipose-derived CD34 + Cells over Adipose-derived Stem Cells in Promoting Ischemic Tissue Survival</title><author>Liu, Yan-Jun ; Zhang, Tian-Yu ; Tan, Poh-Ching ; Zhang, Pei-Qi ; Xie, Yun ; Li, Qing-Feng ; Zhou, Shuang-Bai</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-e90a1fc0873e2dd78ecaf47e62954630a82bf87b09760b4aa80e5601b5ed2a663</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Angiogenesis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antigens, CD34 - metabolism</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering</topic><topic>CD34 antigen</topic><topic>Cell Biology</topic><topic>Cells, Cultured</topic><topic>Culture Media, Conditioned - metabolism</topic><topic>Endothelial cells</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - metabolism</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>IL-1β</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Inflammation - metabolism</topic><topic>Interleukin 1</topic><topic>Ischemia</topic><topic>Ischemia - metabolism</topic><topic>Ischemia - therapy</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Nude</topic><topic>mRNA</topic><topic>Necrosis - metabolism</topic><topic>Neovascularization, Physiologic</topic><topic>Reconstructive surgery</topic><topic>Regenerative Medicine/Tissue Engineering</topic><topic>Stem cell transplantation</topic><topic>Stem Cells</topic><topic>Subculture</topic><topic>Tissue Survival</topic><topic>Tumor necrosis factor-α</topic><topic>Umbilical vein</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yan-Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Tian-Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tan, Poh-Ching</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Pei-Qi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xie, Yun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Qing-Feng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Shuang-Bai</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Stem cell reviews and reports</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liu, Yan-Jun</au><au>Zhang, Tian-Yu</au><au>Tan, Poh-Ching</au><au>Zhang, Pei-Qi</au><au>Xie, Yun</au><au>Li, Qing-Feng</au><au>Zhou, Shuang-Bai</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Superiority of Adipose-derived CD34 + Cells over Adipose-derived Stem Cells in Promoting Ischemic Tissue Survival</atitle><jtitle>Stem cell reviews and reports</jtitle><stitle>Stem Cell Rev and Rep</stitle><addtitle>Stem Cell Rev Rep</addtitle><date>2022-02-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>660</spage><epage>671</epage><pages>660-671</pages><issn>2629-3269</issn><eissn>2629-3277</eissn><abstract>Background
Tissue ischemia usually leads to necrosis and is a threatening condition associated with reconstructive surgery. Promoting the survival of ischemic tissue is critical for improving clinical outcomes. Although various solutions based on stem cells have been reported, there are still limitations to clinical translation. The aim of this study was to develop an effective method to promote the survival of ischemic tissue.
Methods
Adipose-derived CD34 + and CD34- cells were obtained by magnetic bead sorting from the stromal vascular faction (SVF). Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were collected by subculture. The angiogenic capacities of CD34 + cells, CD34- cells and ADSCs were evaluated in vitro by comparing mRNA and protein expression. Random axial flaps in nude mice were used to evaluate the efficacy of these cells in protecting tissue from necrosis. The effect of these cells in preventing inflammation was also evaluated.
Results
Our data suggest that CD34 + cells expressed higher levels of angiogenetic factors and lower levels of inflammatory factors than the other cell types. More vessel branches were formed when human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with conditioned medium from CD34 + cells than conditioned medium from the other cell types. Compared to ADSCs, CD34 + cells showed significantly higher efficacy in promoting tissue survival. More CD31 + cells and higher levels of angiogenic factors were observed in tissues from the CD34 + group than in those from the other groups. Lower levels of the proinflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1b and higher levels of anti-inflammatory factors were found in the CD34 + group than in the other groups.
Conclusion
Adipose-derived CD34 + cells showed better efficacy in improving ischemic tissue survival than ADSCs by reducing tissue inflammation and promoting angiogenesis. CD34 + cells can be obtained easily and may be suitable for clinical applications.
Graphical abstract</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>34787794</pmid><doi>10.1007/s12015-021-10276-x</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5934-1991</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Angiogenesis Animals Antigens, CD34 - metabolism Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering CD34 antigen Cell Biology Cells, Cultured Culture Media, Conditioned - metabolism Endothelial cells Gene expression Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - metabolism Humans IL-1β Inflammation Inflammation - metabolism Interleukin 1 Ischemia Ischemia - metabolism Ischemia - therapy Life Sciences Mice Mice, Nude mRNA Necrosis - metabolism Neovascularization, Physiologic Reconstructive surgery Regenerative Medicine/Tissue Engineering Stem cell transplantation Stem Cells Subculture Tissue Survival Tumor necrosis factor-α Umbilical vein |
| title | Superiority of Adipose-derived CD34 + Cells over Adipose-derived Stem Cells in Promoting Ischemic Tissue Survival |
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