Structural resilience and high interaction dissimilarity of plant–pollinator interaction networks in fire-prone grasslands

Fire is a frequent disturbance in most grasslands around the world, being key for the structure and dynamics of the biodiversity in such ecosystems. While grassland species may be resilient, little is known on how plant–pollinator networks reassemble after fire. Here, we investigate the structure and dynamics of plant–pollinator networks and the variation in species roles over a 2-year post-fire chronosequence on grassland communities in Southern Brazil. We found that both network specialization and modularity were similar over the chronosequence of time-since-fire, but in freshly burnt areas, there were more species acting as network hubs. Species roles exhibited high variation, with plant and pollinator species shifting roles along the post-disturbance chronosequence. Interaction dissimilarity was remarkably high in networks irrespective of times-since-fire. Interaction dissimilarity was associated more with rewiring than with species turnover, indicating that grassland plant and pollinator species are highly capable of switching partners. Time-since-fire had little influence on network structure but influenced the identity and diversity of pollinators playing key roles in the networks. These findings suggest that pollination networks in naturally fire-prone ecosystems are highly dynamic and resilient to fire with both plants and pollinators being highly capable of adjusting their interactions and network structure after disturbance.