Association between respiratory clinical signs and respiratory localization in dogs and cats with abnormal breathing patterns

•In dogs and cats, respiratory signs can help localize disease.•Inspiratory effort is associated with extra-thoracic airway disease.•Expiratory effort is associated with intra-thoracic airway disease.•Paradoxical breathing or sound attenuation suggest pleural or diaphragmatic disease.•Bronchial dise...

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