Beyond Co‐Location: Development of a School Health Integration Measure
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND School‐based health centers (SBHCs) can integrate health and educational services to achieve common goals of student wellness and success. As no method exists to quantify the degree of integration for clinics and partner schools, this study aimed to design such a measure. METHODS...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of school health 2021-12, Vol.91 (12), p.970-980 |
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| container_issue | 12 |
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| container_title | The Journal of school health |
| container_volume | 91 |
| creator | Ferenchak, Kenny S. Trieu, Sang Leng Franco, Rosina Jackson, Nicholas J. Dudovitz, Rebecca |
| description | ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND
School‐based health centers (SBHCs) can integrate health and educational services to achieve common goals of student wellness and success. As no method exists to quantify the degree of integration for clinics and partner schools, this study aimed to design such a measure.
METHODS
Measure items were drafted from the literature. Eleven school health experts from Los Angeles, CA, used a modified Delphi method to reach consensus around items for inclusion in a School Health Integration Measure (SHIM), evaluating each on its appropriateness, substantivity, and feasibility. Twenty‐eight staff at 17 SBHC campuses pilot tested the SHIM to examine its psychometric properties.
RESULTS
From 36 items, the expert panel utilized 4 rounds to reach consensus on 12 items across 5 domains: health authority, integrated programming, marketing and recruitment, shared outcomes, and staff collaboration. In the SHIM pilot, scores ranged from 2.25 to 5 (possible 1‐5, mean 3.53). The measure had high internal consistency (alpha = 0.9385) and was associated with participants' general assessment of integration at their sites (p = .001).
CONCLUSIONS
The SHIM provides a new tool to quantify health and educational service integration at SBHC sites, drive practice improvement, and test whether integration leads to better student outcomes. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/josh.13088 |
| format | Article |
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BACKGROUND
School‐based health centers (SBHCs) can integrate health and educational services to achieve common goals of student wellness and success. As no method exists to quantify the degree of integration for clinics and partner schools, this study aimed to design such a measure.
METHODS
Measure items were drafted from the literature. Eleven school health experts from Los Angeles, CA, used a modified Delphi method to reach consensus around items for inclusion in a School Health Integration Measure (SHIM), evaluating each on its appropriateness, substantivity, and feasibility. Twenty‐eight staff at 17 SBHC campuses pilot tested the SHIM to examine its psychometric properties.
RESULTS
From 36 items, the expert panel utilized 4 rounds to reach consensus on 12 items across 5 domains: health authority, integrated programming, marketing and recruitment, shared outcomes, and staff collaboration. In the SHIM pilot, scores ranged from 2.25 to 5 (possible 1‐5, mean 3.53). The measure had high internal consistency (alpha = 0.9385) and was associated with participants' general assessment of integration at their sites (p = .001).
CONCLUSIONS
The SHIM provides a new tool to quantify health and educational service integration at SBHC sites, drive practice improvement, and test whether integration leads to better student outcomes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-4391</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1746-1561</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/josh.13088</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34636051</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Malden, USA: Wiley Periodicals, Inc</publisher><subject>Academic Achievement ; child and adolescent health ; Childrens health ; Clinics ; community health ; Comprehensive School Health Education ; Continuity of care ; Delphi method ; Delphi Technique ; Feasibility ; Health facilities ; Humans ; Integrated Services ; Los Angeles ; Marketing ; Measurement ; organization and administration of school health programs ; Outcomes of Education ; Psychometrics ; Quantitative psychology ; Recruitment ; School Health Services ; School Nursing ; Schools ; school‐based clinics ; Service integration ; Students ; Teenagers ; Wellness</subject><ispartof>The Journal of school health, 2021-12, Vol.91 (12), p.970-980</ispartof><rights>2021 American School Health Association.</rights><rights>2021, American School Health Association</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3798-2058894cf96ec0b73e03d410d2684275975ac249e638693e6687d88b3d2414823</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3798-2058894cf96ec0b73e03d410d2684275975ac249e638693e6687d88b3d2414823</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4457-6717 ; 0000-0002-9515-5050 ; 0000-0003-2990-5746 ; 0000-0001-9457-0562</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fjosh.13088$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fjosh.13088$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,30976,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1315838$$DView record in ERIC$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34636051$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ferenchak, Kenny S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trieu, Sang Leng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Franco, Rosina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jackson, Nicholas J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dudovitz, Rebecca</creatorcontrib><title>Beyond Co‐Location: Development of a School Health Integration Measure</title><title>The Journal of school health</title><addtitle>J Sch Health</addtitle><description>ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND
School‐based health centers (SBHCs) can integrate health and educational services to achieve common goals of student wellness and success. As no method exists to quantify the degree of integration for clinics and partner schools, this study aimed to design such a measure.
METHODS
Measure items were drafted from the literature. Eleven school health experts from Los Angeles, CA, used a modified Delphi method to reach consensus around items for inclusion in a School Health Integration Measure (SHIM), evaluating each on its appropriateness, substantivity, and feasibility. Twenty‐eight staff at 17 SBHC campuses pilot tested the SHIM to examine its psychometric properties.
RESULTS
From 36 items, the expert panel utilized 4 rounds to reach consensus on 12 items across 5 domains: health authority, integrated programming, marketing and recruitment, shared outcomes, and staff collaboration. In the SHIM pilot, scores ranged from 2.25 to 5 (possible 1‐5, mean 3.53). The measure had high internal consistency (alpha = 0.9385) and was associated with participants' general assessment of integration at their sites (p = .001).
CONCLUSIONS
The SHIM provides a new tool to quantify health and educational service integration at SBHC sites, drive practice improvement, and test whether integration leads to better student outcomes.</description><subject>Academic Achievement</subject><subject>child and adolescent health</subject><subject>Childrens health</subject><subject>Clinics</subject><subject>community health</subject><subject>Comprehensive School Health Education</subject><subject>Continuity of care</subject><subject>Delphi method</subject><subject>Delphi Technique</subject><subject>Feasibility</subject><subject>Health facilities</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Integrated Services</subject><subject>Los Angeles</subject><subject>Marketing</subject><subject>Measurement</subject><subject>organization and administration of school health programs</subject><subject>Outcomes of Education</subject><subject>Psychometrics</subject><subject>Quantitative psychology</subject><subject>Recruitment</subject><subject>School Health Services</subject><subject>School Nursing</subject><subject>Schools</subject><subject>school‐based clinics</subject><subject>Service integration</subject><subject>Students</subject><subject>Teenagers</subject><subject>Wellness</subject><issn>0022-4391</issn><issn>1746-1561</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNp90LtOwzAUBmALgaBcFnZQJBaElOL7hQ1KoaAiBmCOUueUpkrjYiegbjwCz8iTkJLCwMBZPJxP_7F-hPYJ7pJmTqcuTLqEYa3XUIcoLmMiJFlHHYwpjTkzZAtthzDFzSimNtEW45JJLEgHDS5g4cos6rnP94-hs2mVu_IsuoRXKNx8BmUVuXGURg924lwRDSAtqkl0U1bw7L9tdAdpqD3soo1xWgTYW7076Omq_9gbxMP765ve-TC2TBkdUyy0NtyOjQSLR4oBZhknOKNSc6qEUSK1lBuQTEvDQEqtMq1HLKOccE3ZDjpuc-fevdQQqmSWBwtFkZbg6pBQoQnVioklPfpDp672ZfO7RhmhuOFaNuqkVda7EDyMk7nPZ6lfJAQny36TZb_Jd78NPlxF1qMZZL_0p9AGHLQAfG5_1_1bwojQbBlA2v1bXsDin1PJ7f3DoD36BdIpjFk</recordid><startdate>202112</startdate><enddate>202112</enddate><creator>Ferenchak, Kenny S.</creator><creator>Trieu, Sang Leng</creator><creator>Franco, Rosina</creator><creator>Jackson, Nicholas J.</creator><creator>Dudovitz, Rebecca</creator><general>Wiley Periodicals, Inc</general><general>Wiley</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>7SW</scope><scope>BJH</scope><scope>BNH</scope><scope>BNI</scope><scope>BNJ</scope><scope>BNO</scope><scope>ERI</scope><scope>PET</scope><scope>REK</scope><scope>WWN</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4457-6717</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9515-5050</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2990-5746</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9457-0562</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202112</creationdate><title>Beyond Co‐Location: Development of a School Health Integration Measure</title><author>Ferenchak, Kenny S. ; Trieu, Sang Leng ; Franco, Rosina ; Jackson, Nicholas J. ; Dudovitz, Rebecca</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3798-2058894cf96ec0b73e03d410d2684275975ac249e638693e6687d88b3d2414823</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Academic Achievement</topic><topic>child and adolescent health</topic><topic>Childrens health</topic><topic>Clinics</topic><topic>community health</topic><topic>Comprehensive School Health Education</topic><topic>Continuity of care</topic><topic>Delphi method</topic><topic>Delphi Technique</topic><topic>Feasibility</topic><topic>Health facilities</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Integrated Services</topic><topic>Los Angeles</topic><topic>Marketing</topic><topic>Measurement</topic><topic>organization and administration of school health programs</topic><topic>Outcomes of Education</topic><topic>Psychometrics</topic><topic>Quantitative psychology</topic><topic>Recruitment</topic><topic>School Health Services</topic><topic>School Nursing</topic><topic>Schools</topic><topic>school‐based clinics</topic><topic>Service integration</topic><topic>Students</topic><topic>Teenagers</topic><topic>Wellness</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ferenchak, Kenny S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trieu, Sang Leng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Franco, Rosina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jackson, Nicholas J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dudovitz, Rebecca</creatorcontrib><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC (Ovid)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC (Legacy Platform)</collection><collection>ERIC( SilverPlatter )</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC PlusText (Legacy Platform)</collection><collection>Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Journal of school health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ferenchak, Kenny S.</au><au>Trieu, Sang Leng</au><au>Franco, Rosina</au><au>Jackson, Nicholas J.</au><au>Dudovitz, Rebecca</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><ericid>EJ1315838</ericid><atitle>Beyond Co‐Location: Development of a School Health Integration Measure</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of school health</jtitle><addtitle>J Sch Health</addtitle><date>2021-12</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>91</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>970</spage><epage>980</epage><pages>970-980</pages><issn>0022-4391</issn><eissn>1746-1561</eissn><abstract>ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND
School‐based health centers (SBHCs) can integrate health and educational services to achieve common goals of student wellness and success. As no method exists to quantify the degree of integration for clinics and partner schools, this study aimed to design such a measure.
METHODS
Measure items were drafted from the literature. Eleven school health experts from Los Angeles, CA, used a modified Delphi method to reach consensus around items for inclusion in a School Health Integration Measure (SHIM), evaluating each on its appropriateness, substantivity, and feasibility. Twenty‐eight staff at 17 SBHC campuses pilot tested the SHIM to examine its psychometric properties.
RESULTS
From 36 items, the expert panel utilized 4 rounds to reach consensus on 12 items across 5 domains: health authority, integrated programming, marketing and recruitment, shared outcomes, and staff collaboration. In the SHIM pilot, scores ranged from 2.25 to 5 (possible 1‐5, mean 3.53). The measure had high internal consistency (alpha = 0.9385) and was associated with participants' general assessment of integration at their sites (p = .001).
CONCLUSIONS
The SHIM provides a new tool to quantify health and educational service integration at SBHC sites, drive practice improvement, and test whether integration leads to better student outcomes.</abstract><cop>Malden, USA</cop><pub>Wiley Periodicals, Inc</pub><pmid>34636051</pmid><doi>10.1111/josh.13088</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4457-6717</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9515-5050</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2990-5746</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9457-0562</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | The Journal of school health, 2021-12, Vol.91 (12), p.970-980 |
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| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Academic Achievement child and adolescent health Childrens health Clinics community health Comprehensive School Health Education Continuity of care Delphi method Delphi Technique Feasibility Health facilities Humans Integrated Services Los Angeles Marketing Measurement organization and administration of school health programs Outcomes of Education Psychometrics Quantitative psychology Recruitment School Health Services School Nursing Schools school‐based clinics Service integration Students Teenagers Wellness |
| title | Beyond Co‐Location: Development of a School Health Integration Measure |
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