Virulence of the insect-pathogenic fungi Metarhizium spp. to Mormon crickets, Anabrus simplex (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
The Mormon cricket (MC), Anabrus simplex Haldeman, 1852 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), has a long and negative history with agriculture in Utah and other western states of the USA. Most A. simplex populations migrate in large groups, and their feeding can cause significant damage to forage plants and...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Bulletin of entomological research 2022-04, Vol.112 (2), p.179-186 |
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| creator | Rangel, Drauzio E. N. Bignayan, Helen G. Golez, Hernani G. Keyser, Chad A. Evans, Edward W. Roberts, Donald W. |
| description | The Mormon cricket (MC), Anabrus simplex Haldeman, 1852 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), has a long and negative history with agriculture in Utah and other western states of the USA. Most A. simplex populations migrate in large groups, and their feeding can cause significant damage to forage plants and cultivated crops. Chemical pesticides are often applied, but some settings (e.g. habitats of threatened and endangered species) call for non-chemical control measures. Studies in Africa, South America, and Australia have assessed certain isolates of Metarhizium acridum as very promising pathogens for Orthoptera: Acrididae (locust) biocontrol. In the current study, two isolates of Metarhizium robertsii, one isolate of Metarhizium brunneum, one isolate of Metarhizium guizhouense, and three isolates of M. acridum were tested for infectivity to MC nymphs and adults of either sex. Based on the speed of mortality, M. robertsii (ARSEF 23 and ARSEF 2575) and M. brunneum (ARSEF 7711) were the most virulent to instars 2 to 5 MC nymphs. M. guizhouense (ARSEF 7847) from Arizona was intermediate and the M. acridum isolates (ARSEF 324, 3341, and 3609) were the slowest killers. ARSEF 2575 was also the most virulent to instar 6 and 7 nymphs and adults of MC. All of the isolates at the conidial concentration of 1 × 107 conidia ml−1 induced approximately 100% mortality by 6 days post application of fungal conidia. In conclusion, isolates ARSEF 23, ARSEF 2575, and ARSEF 7711 acted most rapidly to kill MC under laboratory conditions. The M. acridum isolates, however, have much higher tolerance to heat and UV-B radiation, which may be critical to their successful use in field application. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1017/S0007485321000663 |
| format | Article |
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N. ; Bignayan, Helen G. ; Golez, Hernani G. ; Keyser, Chad A. ; Evans, Edward W. ; Roberts, Donald W.</creator><creatorcontrib>Rangel, Drauzio E. N. ; Bignayan, Helen G. ; Golez, Hernani G. ; Keyser, Chad A. ; Evans, Edward W. ; Roberts, Donald W.</creatorcontrib><description>The Mormon cricket (MC), Anabrus simplex Haldeman, 1852 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), has a long and negative history with agriculture in Utah and other western states of the USA. Most A. simplex populations migrate in large groups, and their feeding can cause significant damage to forage plants and cultivated crops. Chemical pesticides are often applied, but some settings (e.g. habitats of threatened and endangered species) call for non-chemical control measures. Studies in Africa, South America, and Australia have assessed certain isolates of Metarhizium acridum as very promising pathogens for Orthoptera: Acrididae (locust) biocontrol. In the current study, two isolates of Metarhizium robertsii, one isolate of Metarhizium brunneum, one isolate of Metarhizium guizhouense, and three isolates of M. acridum were tested for infectivity to MC nymphs and adults of either sex. Based on the speed of mortality, M. robertsii (ARSEF 23 and ARSEF 2575) and M. brunneum (ARSEF 7711) were the most virulent to instars 2 to 5 MC nymphs. M. guizhouense (ARSEF 7847) from Arizona was intermediate and the M. acridum isolates (ARSEF 324, 3341, and 3609) were the slowest killers. ARSEF 2575 was also the most virulent to instar 6 and 7 nymphs and adults of MC. All of the isolates at the conidial concentration of 1 × 107 conidia ml−1 induced approximately 100% mortality by 6 days post application of fungal conidia. In conclusion, isolates ARSEF 23, ARSEF 2575, and ARSEF 7711 acted most rapidly to kill MC under laboratory conditions. The M. acridum isolates, however, have much higher tolerance to heat and UV-B radiation, which may be critical to their successful use in field application.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0007-4853</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1475-2670</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/S0007485321000663</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34620258</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Adults ; Anabrus simplex ; Bioassays ; Biological control ; Chemical control ; Chemical pest control ; Conidia ; Crickets ; Endangered species ; Forage ; Foraging habitats ; Fungi ; Humidity ; Infectivity ; Insects ; Instars ; Laboratories ; Metarhizium ; Mormonism ; Mortality ; Nymphs ; Orthoptera ; Pathogens ; Pesticides ; Rare species ; Research Paper ; Seeds ; Tettigoniidae ; Threatened species ; Ultraviolet radiation ; Virulence</subject><ispartof>Bulletin of entomological research, 2022-04, Vol.112 (2), p.179-186</ispartof><rights>Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. 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N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bignayan, Helen G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Golez, Hernani G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keyser, Chad A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Evans, Edward W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roberts, Donald W.</creatorcontrib><title>Virulence of the insect-pathogenic fungi Metarhizium spp. to Mormon crickets, Anabrus simplex (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)</title><title>Bulletin of entomological research</title><addtitle>Bull. Entomol. Res</addtitle><description>The Mormon cricket (MC), Anabrus simplex Haldeman, 1852 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), has a long and negative history with agriculture in Utah and other western states of the USA. Most A. simplex populations migrate in large groups, and their feeding can cause significant damage to forage plants and cultivated crops. Chemical pesticides are often applied, but some settings (e.g. habitats of threatened and endangered species) call for non-chemical control measures. Studies in Africa, South America, and Australia have assessed certain isolates of Metarhizium acridum as very promising pathogens for Orthoptera: Acrididae (locust) biocontrol. In the current study, two isolates of Metarhizium robertsii, one isolate of Metarhizium brunneum, one isolate of Metarhizium guizhouense, and three isolates of M. acridum were tested for infectivity to MC nymphs and adults of either sex. Based on the speed of mortality, M. robertsii (ARSEF 23 and ARSEF 2575) and M. brunneum (ARSEF 7711) were the most virulent to instars 2 to 5 MC nymphs. M. guizhouense (ARSEF 7847) from Arizona was intermediate and the M. acridum isolates (ARSEF 324, 3341, and 3609) were the slowest killers. ARSEF 2575 was also the most virulent to instar 6 and 7 nymphs and adults of MC. All of the isolates at the conidial concentration of 1 × 107 conidia ml−1 induced approximately 100% mortality by 6 days post application of fungal conidia. In conclusion, isolates ARSEF 23, ARSEF 2575, and ARSEF 7711 acted most rapidly to kill MC under laboratory conditions. The M. acridum isolates, however, have much higher tolerance to heat and UV-B radiation, which may be critical to their successful use in field application.</description><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Anabrus simplex</subject><subject>Bioassays</subject><subject>Biological control</subject><subject>Chemical control</subject><subject>Chemical pest control</subject><subject>Conidia</subject><subject>Crickets</subject><subject>Endangered species</subject><subject>Forage</subject><subject>Foraging habitats</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>Humidity</subject><subject>Infectivity</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>Instars</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Metarhizium</subject><subject>Mormonism</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Nymphs</subject><subject>Orthoptera</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Pesticides</subject><subject>Rare species</subject><subject>Research Paper</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Tettigoniidae</subject><subject>Threatened species</subject><subject>Ultraviolet radiation</subject><subject>Virulence</subject><issn>0007-4853</issn><issn>1475-2670</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kV9LHDEUxUOp1K31A_SlBPpioWPzb5KZvom0taD44OLrkM3c7MbOJNMkA9VPbxZXhYpP917u75wbchD6SMkxJVR9uyKEKNHUnNHSScnfoAUVqq6YVOQtWmzX1Xa_j96ndFNG0Yr2HdrnQjLC6maBbq9dnAfwBnCwOG8AO5_A5GrSeRPW4J3BdvZrhy8g67hxd24ecZqmY5wDvghxDB6b6MwfyOkrPvF6FeeEkxunAf7ho8tYbKYMUX_HS8jZrYN3rtfw5QPas3pIcLirB2j588fy9Kw6v_z1-_TkvDJc8VxJ6BsFvFXMWKMFa6xh1FqhKRjT1tZIq5q2VVKy3jSgTdMWXalM2ZXg_AAdPdhOMfydIeVudMnAMGgPYU5d-QWiCGlrWdDP_6E3YY6-PK5jUhAmaEO3FH2gTAwpRbDdFN2o421HSbeNpXsRS9F82jnPqxH6J8VjDgXgO1M9rqLr1_B8-3Xbe6GZmEE</recordid><startdate>20220401</startdate><enddate>20220401</enddate><creator>Rangel, Drauzio E. 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N.</au><au>Bignayan, Helen G.</au><au>Golez, Hernani G.</au><au>Keyser, Chad A.</au><au>Evans, Edward W.</au><au>Roberts, Donald W.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Virulence of the insect-pathogenic fungi Metarhizium spp. to Mormon crickets, Anabrus simplex (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)</atitle><jtitle>Bulletin of entomological research</jtitle><addtitle>Bull. Entomol. Res</addtitle><date>2022-04-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>112</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>179</spage><epage>186</epage><pages>179-186</pages><issn>0007-4853</issn><eissn>1475-2670</eissn><abstract>The Mormon cricket (MC), Anabrus simplex Haldeman, 1852 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), has a long and negative history with agriculture in Utah and other western states of the USA. Most A. simplex populations migrate in large groups, and their feeding can cause significant damage to forage plants and cultivated crops. Chemical pesticides are often applied, but some settings (e.g. habitats of threatened and endangered species) call for non-chemical control measures. Studies in Africa, South America, and Australia have assessed certain isolates of Metarhizium acridum as very promising pathogens for Orthoptera: Acrididae (locust) biocontrol. In the current study, two isolates of Metarhizium robertsii, one isolate of Metarhizium brunneum, one isolate of Metarhizium guizhouense, and three isolates of M. acridum were tested for infectivity to MC nymphs and adults of either sex. Based on the speed of mortality, M. robertsii (ARSEF 23 and ARSEF 2575) and M. brunneum (ARSEF 7711) were the most virulent to instars 2 to 5 MC nymphs. M. guizhouense (ARSEF 7847) from Arizona was intermediate and the M. acridum isolates (ARSEF 324, 3341, and 3609) were the slowest killers. ARSEF 2575 was also the most virulent to instar 6 and 7 nymphs and adults of MC. All of the isolates at the conidial concentration of 1 × 107 conidia ml−1 induced approximately 100% mortality by 6 days post application of fungal conidia. In conclusion, isolates ARSEF 23, ARSEF 2575, and ARSEF 7711 acted most rapidly to kill MC under laboratory conditions. The M. acridum isolates, however, have much higher tolerance to heat and UV-B radiation, which may be critical to their successful use in field application.</abstract><cop>Cambridge, UK</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><pmid>34620258</pmid><doi>10.1017/S0007485321000663</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0880-5108</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7188-100X</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| source | Cambridge University Press Journals Complete |
| subjects | Adults Anabrus simplex Bioassays Biological control Chemical control Chemical pest control Conidia Crickets Endangered species Forage Foraging habitats Fungi Humidity Infectivity Insects Instars Laboratories Metarhizium Mormonism Mortality Nymphs Orthoptera Pathogens Pesticides Rare species Research Paper Seeds Tettigoniidae Threatened species Ultraviolet radiation Virulence |
| title | Virulence of the insect-pathogenic fungi Metarhizium spp. to Mormon crickets, Anabrus simplex (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) |
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