Prevalence and Molecular Identification of Trypanosomes in Dogs in Enugu North Senatorial Zone, South East Nigeria
Purpose Dogs are of immense social, psychological and economic importance in Nigeria and are severely affected by African trypanosomosis. However, the prevalence of canine African trypanosomosis (CAT) in Nigeria is underreported and the identification of the parasites relies mostly on basic morpholo...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Acta parasitologica 2022-03, Vol.67 (1), p.391-402 |
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| creator | Obi, Chukwunonso Francis Ezeh, Ikenna Onyema Okpala, Michael Ikenna Agina, Onyinye Umeakuana, Paschal Ugochukwu Essuman, Gabriella Ama Amoakoma Gwira, Theresa Manful Ezeokonkwo, Romanus Chukwuduruo |
| description | Purpose
Dogs are of immense social, psychological and economic importance in Nigeria and are severely affected by African trypanosomosis. However, the prevalence of canine African trypanosomosis (CAT) in Nigeria is underreported and the identification of the parasites relies mostly on basic morphological characteristics under the microscope, which could be misleading. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence and characterize trypanosomes isolated from dogs in South east Nigeria.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was carried out to determine the prevalence and molecular identification of trypanosomes in dogs in Enugu North Senatorial Zone (ENSZ), South east Nigeria. Dogs (
n
= 450) were randomly sampled, their blood collected and some characteristics such as sex, breed, sampling location, season and age duly noted. The blood samples were screened for trypanosomosis using standard trypanosome detection techniques. Trypanosome-positive blood samples were spotted on FTA® cards for molecular identification using nested Tubulin-PCR, ITS-PCR, TgsGP-PCR, and DNA sequencing. Some hematological parameters of the dogs such as packed cell volume (PCV), total leucocyte count (TLC), red blood cell count (RBC) were also determined.
Results
Of the 450 dogs sampled, 51 dogs were positive for trypanosomes with a prevalence rate of 11.3% (95% CI = 0.087–0.146).
Trypanosoma brucei
was the predominant trypanosome species infecting dogs in the study area.
T. congolense, T. evansi,
and
T. vivax
were also identified. The prevalence of canine trypanosomosis was significantly associated with season (
χ
2
= 13.821
, df
= 1,
P
= 0.0001) and the sampling location (
χ
2
= 6.900,
df
= 2,
P
= 0.032) while sex, breed, and age were not. The PCV and RBC of the infected dogs were significantly lower (
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11686-021-00475-4 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2580700126</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2641556288</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-edf4b2ed561332719d29a434e3c3a2c46411c0ee437987a1df48e6f77c4e9ada3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kclKBDEQhoMo7i_gQQJePNiarZP0UXRcwA1GL15CTFePLT3JmHQLvr3RGRU8eKqi6qu_ivoR2qHkkBKijhKlUsuCMFoQIlRZiCW0TnUlC6pLupxzxknBNKNraCOllwxJrfUqWuNCslKX1TqKdxHebAfeAba-xtehAzd0NuLLGnzfNq2zfRs8Dg2-j-8z60MKU0i49fg0TL7iyA-TAd-E2D_jMXjbh9jaDj8GDwd4HIZcHtnU45t2ArmzhVYa2yXYXsRN9HA2uj-5KK5uzy9Pjq8Kx1XZF1A34olBXUrKOVO0qlllBRfAHbfMCSkodQRAcFVpZWnGNchGKSegsrXlm2h_rjuL4XWA1Jtpmxx0nfUQhmTyB4gihDKZ0b0_6EsYos_XGZb3lKVkWmeKzSkXQ0oRGjOL7dTGd0OJ-XTEzB0x2RHz5YgReWh3IT08TaH-Gfm2IAN8DqTc8vlDv7v_kf0AK7CWbg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2641556288</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Prevalence and Molecular Identification of Trypanosomes in Dogs in Enugu North Senatorial Zone, South East Nigeria</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Obi, Chukwunonso Francis ; Ezeh, Ikenna Onyema ; Okpala, Michael Ikenna ; Agina, Onyinye ; Umeakuana, Paschal Ugochukwu ; Essuman, Gabriella Ama Amoakoma ; Gwira, Theresa Manful ; Ezeokonkwo, Romanus Chukwuduruo</creator><creatorcontrib>Obi, Chukwunonso Francis ; Ezeh, Ikenna Onyema ; Okpala, Michael Ikenna ; Agina, Onyinye ; Umeakuana, Paschal Ugochukwu ; Essuman, Gabriella Ama Amoakoma ; Gwira, Theresa Manful ; Ezeokonkwo, Romanus Chukwuduruo</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose
Dogs are of immense social, psychological and economic importance in Nigeria and are severely affected by African trypanosomosis. However, the prevalence of canine African trypanosomosis (CAT) in Nigeria is underreported and the identification of the parasites relies mostly on basic morphological characteristics under the microscope, which could be misleading. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence and characterize trypanosomes isolated from dogs in South east Nigeria.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was carried out to determine the prevalence and molecular identification of trypanosomes in dogs in Enugu North Senatorial Zone (ENSZ), South east Nigeria. Dogs (
n
= 450) were randomly sampled, their blood collected and some characteristics such as sex, breed, sampling location, season and age duly noted. The blood samples were screened for trypanosomosis using standard trypanosome detection techniques. Trypanosome-positive blood samples were spotted on FTA® cards for molecular identification using nested Tubulin-PCR, ITS-PCR, TgsGP-PCR, and DNA sequencing. Some hematological parameters of the dogs such as packed cell volume (PCV), total leucocyte count (TLC), red blood cell count (RBC) were also determined.
Results
Of the 450 dogs sampled, 51 dogs were positive for trypanosomes with a prevalence rate of 11.3% (95% CI = 0.087–0.146).
Trypanosoma brucei
was the predominant trypanosome species infecting dogs in the study area.
T. congolense, T. evansi,
and
T. vivax
were also identified. The prevalence of canine trypanosomosis was significantly associated with season (
χ
2
= 13.821
, df
= 1,
P
= 0.0001) and the sampling location (
χ
2
= 6.900,
df
= 2,
P
= 0.032) while sex, breed, and age were not. The PCV and RBC of the infected dogs were significantly lower (
p
< 0.0001) than those of the uninfected dogs.
Conclusions
CAT due to
T. brucei
is very prevalent in Enugu North Senatorial Zone, South east Nigeria and is associated with hematological changes. Our study also detected
T. vivax
in dogs in South east Nigeria which appears to be the first report of
T. vivax
in a dog in Nigeria.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1230-2821</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1896-1851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00475-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34625859</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography ; Animals ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Blood ; Cell size ; Chi-square test ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; DNA sequencing ; Dogs ; Ecology ; Economic importance ; Erythrocytes ; Hematology ; Leukocytes ; Medical Microbiology ; Microbiology ; Nigeria - epidemiology ; Original Paper ; Parasites ; Parasitology ; Physical characteristics ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Prevalence ; Sampling ; Sex ; Trypanosoma - genetics ; Trypanosome ; Trypanosomiasis, African - epidemiology ; Tubulin</subject><ispartof>Acta parasitologica, 2022-03, Vol.67 (1), p.391-402</ispartof><rights>Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences 2021</rights><rights>2021. Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences.</rights><rights>Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-edf4b2ed561332719d29a434e3c3a2c46411c0ee437987a1df48e6f77c4e9ada3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-edf4b2ed561332719d29a434e3c3a2c46411c0ee437987a1df48e6f77c4e9ada3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6997-7707</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11686-021-00475-4$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11686-021-00475-4$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34625859$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Obi, Chukwunonso Francis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ezeh, Ikenna Onyema</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okpala, Michael Ikenna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Agina, Onyinye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Umeakuana, Paschal Ugochukwu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Essuman, Gabriella Ama Amoakoma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gwira, Theresa Manful</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ezeokonkwo, Romanus Chukwuduruo</creatorcontrib><title>Prevalence and Molecular Identification of Trypanosomes in Dogs in Enugu North Senatorial Zone, South East Nigeria</title><title>Acta parasitologica</title><addtitle>Acta Parasit</addtitle><addtitle>Acta Parasitol</addtitle><description>Purpose
Dogs are of immense social, psychological and economic importance in Nigeria and are severely affected by African trypanosomosis. However, the prevalence of canine African trypanosomosis (CAT) in Nigeria is underreported and the identification of the parasites relies mostly on basic morphological characteristics under the microscope, which could be misleading. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence and characterize trypanosomes isolated from dogs in South east Nigeria.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was carried out to determine the prevalence and molecular identification of trypanosomes in dogs in Enugu North Senatorial Zone (ENSZ), South east Nigeria. Dogs (
n
= 450) were randomly sampled, their blood collected and some characteristics such as sex, breed, sampling location, season and age duly noted. The blood samples were screened for trypanosomosis using standard trypanosome detection techniques. Trypanosome-positive blood samples were spotted on FTA® cards for molecular identification using nested Tubulin-PCR, ITS-PCR, TgsGP-PCR, and DNA sequencing. Some hematological parameters of the dogs such as packed cell volume (PCV), total leucocyte count (TLC), red blood cell count (RBC) were also determined.
Results
Of the 450 dogs sampled, 51 dogs were positive for trypanosomes with a prevalence rate of 11.3% (95% CI = 0.087–0.146).
Trypanosoma brucei
was the predominant trypanosome species infecting dogs in the study area.
T. congolense, T. evansi,
and
T. vivax
were also identified. The prevalence of canine trypanosomosis was significantly associated with season (
χ
2
= 13.821
, df
= 1,
P
= 0.0001) and the sampling location (
χ
2
= 6.900,
df
= 2,
P
= 0.032) while sex, breed, and age were not. The PCV and RBC of the infected dogs were significantly lower (
p
< 0.0001) than those of the uninfected dogs.
Conclusions
CAT due to
T. brucei
is very prevalent in Enugu North Senatorial Zone, South east Nigeria and is associated with hematological changes. Our study also detected
T. vivax
in dogs in South east Nigeria which appears to be the first report of
T. vivax
in a dog in Nigeria.</description><subject>Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Cell size</subject><subject>Chi-square test</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>DNA sequencing</subject><subject>Dogs</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Economic importance</subject><subject>Erythrocytes</subject><subject>Hematology</subject><subject>Leukocytes</subject><subject>Medical Microbiology</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Nigeria - epidemiology</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Parasitology</subject><subject>Physical characteristics</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Sampling</subject><subject>Sex</subject><subject>Trypanosoma - genetics</subject><subject>Trypanosome</subject><subject>Trypanosomiasis, African - epidemiology</subject><subject>Tubulin</subject><issn>1230-2821</issn><issn>1896-1851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kclKBDEQhoMo7i_gQQJePNiarZP0UXRcwA1GL15CTFePLT3JmHQLvr3RGRU8eKqi6qu_ivoR2qHkkBKijhKlUsuCMFoQIlRZiCW0TnUlC6pLupxzxknBNKNraCOllwxJrfUqWuNCslKX1TqKdxHebAfeAba-xtehAzd0NuLLGnzfNq2zfRs8Dg2-j-8z60MKU0i49fg0TL7iyA-TAd-E2D_jMXjbh9jaDj8GDwd4HIZcHtnU45t2ArmzhVYa2yXYXsRN9HA2uj-5KK5uzy9Pjq8Kx1XZF1A34olBXUrKOVO0qlllBRfAHbfMCSkodQRAcFVpZWnGNchGKSegsrXlm2h_rjuL4XWA1Jtpmxx0nfUQhmTyB4gihDKZ0b0_6EsYos_XGZb3lKVkWmeKzSkXQ0oRGjOL7dTGd0OJ-XTEzB0x2RHz5YgReWh3IT08TaH-Gfm2IAN8DqTc8vlDv7v_kf0AK7CWbg</recordid><startdate>20220301</startdate><enddate>20220301</enddate><creator>Obi, Chukwunonso Francis</creator><creator>Ezeh, Ikenna Onyema</creator><creator>Okpala, Michael Ikenna</creator><creator>Agina, Onyinye</creator><creator>Umeakuana, Paschal Ugochukwu</creator><creator>Essuman, Gabriella Ama Amoakoma</creator><creator>Gwira, Theresa Manful</creator><creator>Ezeokonkwo, Romanus Chukwuduruo</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6997-7707</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220301</creationdate><title>Prevalence and Molecular Identification of Trypanosomes in Dogs in Enugu North Senatorial Zone, South East Nigeria</title><author>Obi, Chukwunonso Francis ; Ezeh, Ikenna Onyema ; Okpala, Michael Ikenna ; Agina, Onyinye ; Umeakuana, Paschal Ugochukwu ; Essuman, Gabriella Ama Amoakoma ; Gwira, Theresa Manful ; Ezeokonkwo, Romanus Chukwuduruo</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-edf4b2ed561332719d29a434e3c3a2c46411c0ee437987a1df48e6f77c4e9ada3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Cell size</topic><topic>Chi-square test</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>DNA sequencing</topic><topic>Dogs</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Economic importance</topic><topic>Erythrocytes</topic><topic>Hematology</topic><topic>Leukocytes</topic><topic>Medical Microbiology</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Nigeria - epidemiology</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Parasites</topic><topic>Parasitology</topic><topic>Physical characteristics</topic><topic>Polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Sampling</topic><topic>Sex</topic><topic>Trypanosoma - genetics</topic><topic>Trypanosome</topic><topic>Trypanosomiasis, African - epidemiology</topic><topic>Tubulin</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Obi, Chukwunonso Francis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ezeh, Ikenna Onyema</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okpala, Michael Ikenna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Agina, Onyinye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Umeakuana, Paschal Ugochukwu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Essuman, Gabriella Ama Amoakoma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gwira, Theresa Manful</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ezeokonkwo, Romanus Chukwuduruo</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Acta parasitologica</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Obi, Chukwunonso Francis</au><au>Ezeh, Ikenna Onyema</au><au>Okpala, Michael Ikenna</au><au>Agina, Onyinye</au><au>Umeakuana, Paschal Ugochukwu</au><au>Essuman, Gabriella Ama Amoakoma</au><au>Gwira, Theresa Manful</au><au>Ezeokonkwo, Romanus Chukwuduruo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prevalence and Molecular Identification of Trypanosomes in Dogs in Enugu North Senatorial Zone, South East Nigeria</atitle><jtitle>Acta parasitologica</jtitle><stitle>Acta Parasit</stitle><addtitle>Acta Parasitol</addtitle><date>2022-03-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>67</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>391</spage><epage>402</epage><pages>391-402</pages><issn>1230-2821</issn><eissn>1896-1851</eissn><abstract>Purpose
Dogs are of immense social, psychological and economic importance in Nigeria and are severely affected by African trypanosomosis. However, the prevalence of canine African trypanosomosis (CAT) in Nigeria is underreported and the identification of the parasites relies mostly on basic morphological characteristics under the microscope, which could be misleading. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence and characterize trypanosomes isolated from dogs in South east Nigeria.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was carried out to determine the prevalence and molecular identification of trypanosomes in dogs in Enugu North Senatorial Zone (ENSZ), South east Nigeria. Dogs (
n
= 450) were randomly sampled, their blood collected and some characteristics such as sex, breed, sampling location, season and age duly noted. The blood samples were screened for trypanosomosis using standard trypanosome detection techniques. Trypanosome-positive blood samples were spotted on FTA® cards for molecular identification using nested Tubulin-PCR, ITS-PCR, TgsGP-PCR, and DNA sequencing. Some hematological parameters of the dogs such as packed cell volume (PCV), total leucocyte count (TLC), red blood cell count (RBC) were also determined.
Results
Of the 450 dogs sampled, 51 dogs were positive for trypanosomes with a prevalence rate of 11.3% (95% CI = 0.087–0.146).
Trypanosoma brucei
was the predominant trypanosome species infecting dogs in the study area.
T. congolense, T. evansi,
and
T. vivax
were also identified. The prevalence of canine trypanosomosis was significantly associated with season (
χ
2
= 13.821
, df
= 1,
P
= 0.0001) and the sampling location (
χ
2
= 6.900,
df
= 2,
P
= 0.032) while sex, breed, and age were not. The PCV and RBC of the infected dogs were significantly lower (
p
< 0.0001) than those of the uninfected dogs.
Conclusions
CAT due to
T. brucei
is very prevalent in Enugu North Senatorial Zone, South east Nigeria and is associated with hematological changes. Our study also detected
T. vivax
in dogs in South east Nigeria which appears to be the first report of
T. vivax
in a dog in Nigeria.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>34625859</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11686-021-00475-4</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6997-7707</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1230-2821 |
| ispartof | Acta parasitologica, 2022-03, Vol.67 (1), p.391-402 |
| issn | 1230-2821 1896-1851 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2580700126 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography Animals Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Blood Cell size Chi-square test Cross-Sectional Studies DNA sequencing Dogs Ecology Economic importance Erythrocytes Hematology Leukocytes Medical Microbiology Microbiology Nigeria - epidemiology Original Paper Parasites Parasitology Physical characteristics Polymerase chain reaction Prevalence Sampling Sex Trypanosoma - genetics Trypanosome Trypanosomiasis, African - epidemiology Tubulin |
| title | Prevalence and Molecular Identification of Trypanosomes in Dogs in Enugu North Senatorial Zone, South East Nigeria |
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