Feasibility of a combined solubilization and eluent drainage system to remove Cd and Cu from agricultural soil

Washing using low-molecular-weight organic acid is an effective and eco-friendly technique to permanently remove heavy metals from soil. There is still lack of evaluation of the application modes and the recovery methods, as well as the variations of heavy metal and nutrients fractions on a pilot-sc...

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Veröffentlicht in:The Science of the total environment 2022-02, Vol.807 (Pt 2), p.150733-150733, Article 150733
Hauptverfasser: Yang, Shuai, Li, Yuan, Si, Shaocheng, Liu, Guoming, Yun, Hao, Tu, Chen, Li, Lianzhen, Luo, Yongming
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container_end_page 150733
container_issue Pt 2
container_start_page 150733
container_title The Science of the total environment
container_volume 807
creator Yang, Shuai
Li, Yuan
Si, Shaocheng
Liu, Guoming
Yun, Hao
Tu, Chen
Li, Lianzhen
Luo, Yongming
description Washing using low-molecular-weight organic acid is an effective and eco-friendly technique to permanently remove heavy metals from soil. There is still lack of evaluation of the application modes and the recovery methods, as well as the variations of heavy metal and nutrients fractions on a pilot-scale during washing. Here, we developed a simple combined solubilization and eluent drainage system in a pilot-scale washing box using industrial grade citric acid with feasible waste eluent treatment method to remove cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) from agricultural soil. The removal rates of Cd and Cu after sequential two-stage citric acid-water washing reach up 68.9% and Cu 41.4%, which was 7.5% and 10.0% higher than single citric acid. The removed the heavy metals were mainly in exchangeable and reducible fractions. The heavy metals at different soil depth were dissolved more effectively by citric acid-water washing with wheat straw as underdrain filling material than that of crushed stone. The potential risks of Cd in soils all decreased by approximately 75% from considerable to low risk. The two-stage citric acid-water washing significantly mitigated the effect of soil acidification. The average contents of soil organic matter, available ammonium N-NH4 and available phosphorus increased by 40.9%, 57.3%, 32.0% after citric acid-water washing under wheat straw filling. The waste eluent can be efficiently recovered by clam powder, which removed 78.7% of Cd and 57.5% of Cu. The regenerated citric acid showed similar removal efficiencies for Cd and Cu compared to the fresh citric acid. These results indicate that the combination of washing, drainage and flocculation can effectively remove Cd and Cu from contaminated agricultural soil and realize the recycling of waste eluent. [Display omitted] •A combined solubilization and eluent drainage system was developed.•Two-stage citric acid-water washing can effectively remove soil Cd and Cu.•Wheat straw was more suitable than crushed stone as underdrain filling material.•Soil fertility was significantly enhanced after citric acid-water washing.•Clam powder can effectively regenerate the waste eluent after soil washing.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150733
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There is still lack of evaluation of the application modes and the recovery methods, as well as the variations of heavy metal and nutrients fractions on a pilot-scale during washing. Here, we developed a simple combined solubilization and eluent drainage system in a pilot-scale washing box using industrial grade citric acid with feasible waste eluent treatment method to remove cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) from agricultural soil. The removal rates of Cd and Cu after sequential two-stage citric acid-water washing reach up 68.9% and Cu 41.4%, which was 7.5% and 10.0% higher than single citric acid. The removed the heavy metals were mainly in exchangeable and reducible fractions. The heavy metals at different soil depth were dissolved more effectively by citric acid-water washing with wheat straw as underdrain filling material than that of crushed stone. The potential risks of Cd in soils all decreased by approximately 75% from considerable to low risk. The two-stage citric acid-water washing significantly mitigated the effect of soil acidification. The average contents of soil organic matter, available ammonium N-NH4 and available phosphorus increased by 40.9%, 57.3%, 32.0% after citric acid-water washing under wheat straw filling. The waste eluent can be efficiently recovered by clam powder, which removed 78.7% of Cd and 57.5% of Cu. The regenerated citric acid showed similar removal efficiencies for Cd and Cu compared to the fresh citric acid. These results indicate that the combination of washing, drainage and flocculation can effectively remove Cd and Cu from contaminated agricultural soil and realize the recycling of waste eluent. [Display omitted] •A combined solubilization and eluent drainage system was developed.•Two-stage citric acid-water washing can effectively remove soil Cd and Cu.•Wheat straw was more suitable than crushed stone as underdrain filling material.•Soil fertility was significantly enhanced after citric acid-water washing.•Clam powder can effectively regenerate the waste eluent after soil washing.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0048-9697</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1026</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150733</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34606870</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Agricultural soil ; Cadmium ; Citric Acid ; Feasibility Studies ; Heavy metals ; Metals, Heavy ; Pilot scale remediation ; Regeneration ; Soil ; Washing</subject><ispartof>The Science of the total environment, 2022-02, Vol.807 (Pt 2), p.150733-150733, Article 150733</ispartof><rights>2021 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. 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The two-stage citric acid-water washing significantly mitigated the effect of soil acidification. The average contents of soil organic matter, available ammonium N-NH4 and available phosphorus increased by 40.9%, 57.3%, 32.0% after citric acid-water washing under wheat straw filling. The waste eluent can be efficiently recovered by clam powder, which removed 78.7% of Cd and 57.5% of Cu. The regenerated citric acid showed similar removal efficiencies for Cd and Cu compared to the fresh citric acid. These results indicate that the combination of washing, drainage and flocculation can effectively remove Cd and Cu from contaminated agricultural soil and realize the recycling of waste eluent. 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source MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete
subjects Agricultural soil
Cadmium
Citric Acid
Feasibility Studies
Heavy metals
Metals, Heavy
Pilot scale remediation
Regeneration
Soil
Washing
title Feasibility of a combined solubilization and eluent drainage system to remove Cd and Cu from agricultural soil
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