Boxing-related fatalities in Australia: A retrospective analysis of news media reports
To quantify and describe boxing-related deaths in Australia. Retrospective analysis of news media reports of all boxing-related fatalities in Australia during 1832 to 2020. Australia and New Zealand Newsstream, Factiva, Informit, Google News, Fairfax Media Archive, and Trove were searched from incep...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of science and medicine in sport 2022-01, Vol.25 (1), p.25-30 |
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| creator | Alevras, Alexander J. Fuller, Joel T. Mitchell, Rebecca Lystad, Reidar P. |
| description | To quantify and describe boxing-related deaths in Australia.
Retrospective analysis of news media reports of all boxing-related fatalities in Australia during 1832 to 2020.
Australia and New Zealand Newsstream, Factiva, Informit, Google News, Fairfax Media Archive, and Trove were searched from inception to December 31, 2020. News media articles reporting all-cause boxing-related mortality were included for analysis.
There were 163 boxing-related fatalities in Australia during 1832 to 2020, including 122 (74.8%) professional and 40 (24.5%) amateur athletes. The most common causes of death were traumatic brain injury (n = 121; 74.2%) and cardiac arrest (n = 11; 6.7%). Boxing-related deaths occurred most frequently during the decades from 1910 to 1930. The fatality rate remained relatively steady from the 1870s through the 1930s, and then declined precipitously until the 1980s. Since legislation to regulate boxing started being introduced in the mid-1970s, there were a total of eleven deaths, of which all but one were caused by traumatic brain injury.
Participation in boxing is associated with risk of death, in particular death caused by traumatic brain injury. The boxing-related fatality rate declined precipitously prior to government legislation to regulate boxing started being introduced, with no discernible further reduction in fatalities since. Given that a main purpose of government regulation of boxing is to protect the health and safety of athletes, the findings herein suggest that current regulations are either inadequate or not effectively implemented. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.08.002 |
| format | Article |
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Retrospective analysis of news media reports of all boxing-related fatalities in Australia during 1832 to 2020.
Australia and New Zealand Newsstream, Factiva, Informit, Google News, Fairfax Media Archive, and Trove were searched from inception to December 31, 2020. News media articles reporting all-cause boxing-related mortality were included for analysis.
There were 163 boxing-related fatalities in Australia during 1832 to 2020, including 122 (74.8%) professional and 40 (24.5%) amateur athletes. The most common causes of death were traumatic brain injury (n = 121; 74.2%) and cardiac arrest (n = 11; 6.7%). Boxing-related deaths occurred most frequently during the decades from 1910 to 1930. The fatality rate remained relatively steady from the 1870s through the 1930s, and then declined precipitously until the 1980s. Since legislation to regulate boxing started being introduced in the mid-1970s, there were a total of eleven deaths, of which all but one were caused by traumatic brain injury.
Participation in boxing is associated with risk of death, in particular death caused by traumatic brain injury. The boxing-related fatality rate declined precipitously prior to government legislation to regulate boxing started being introduced, with no discernible further reduction in fatalities since. Given that a main purpose of government regulation of boxing is to protect the health and safety of athletes, the findings herein suggest that current regulations are either inadequate or not effectively implemented.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1440-2440</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-1861</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.08.002</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34602333</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Australia: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Archives & records ; Assaults ; Athletic injuries ; Australia - epidemiology ; Boxing ; Criminal law ; Death ; Fatalities ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mass Media ; New Zealand - epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Sports medicine</subject><ispartof>Journal of science and medicine in sport, 2022-01, Vol.25 (1), p.25-30</ispartof><rights>2021 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2021. Elsevier Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c387t-aa7249b7bded4dfeb903ef120a54b666e2b37d802f3d2217c5feff4908641e853</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c387t-aa7249b7bded4dfeb903ef120a54b666e2b37d802f3d2217c5feff4908641e853</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9695-7445</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2604006207?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3549,27923,27924,45994,64384,64386,64388,72340</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34602333$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Alevras, Alexander J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fuller, Joel T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mitchell, Rebecca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lystad, Reidar P.</creatorcontrib><title>Boxing-related fatalities in Australia: A retrospective analysis of news media reports</title><title>Journal of science and medicine in sport</title><addtitle>J Sci Med Sport</addtitle><description>To quantify and describe boxing-related deaths in Australia.
Retrospective analysis of news media reports of all boxing-related fatalities in Australia during 1832 to 2020.
Australia and New Zealand Newsstream, Factiva, Informit, Google News, Fairfax Media Archive, and Trove were searched from inception to December 31, 2020. News media articles reporting all-cause boxing-related mortality were included for analysis.
There were 163 boxing-related fatalities in Australia during 1832 to 2020, including 122 (74.8%) professional and 40 (24.5%) amateur athletes. The most common causes of death were traumatic brain injury (n = 121; 74.2%) and cardiac arrest (n = 11; 6.7%). Boxing-related deaths occurred most frequently during the decades from 1910 to 1930. The fatality rate remained relatively steady from the 1870s through the 1930s, and then declined precipitously until the 1980s. Since legislation to regulate boxing started being introduced in the mid-1970s, there were a total of eleven deaths, of which all but one were caused by traumatic brain injury.
Participation in boxing is associated with risk of death, in particular death caused by traumatic brain injury. The boxing-related fatality rate declined precipitously prior to government legislation to regulate boxing started being introduced, with no discernible further reduction in fatalities since. Given that a main purpose of government regulation of boxing is to protect the health and safety of athletes, the findings herein suggest that current regulations are either inadequate or not effectively implemented.</description><subject>Archives & records</subject><subject>Assaults</subject><subject>Athletic injuries</subject><subject>Australia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Boxing</subject><subject>Criminal law</subject><subject>Death</subject><subject>Fatalities</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Mass Media</subject><subject>New Zealand - epidemiology</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Sports medicine</subject><issn>1440-2440</issn><issn>1878-1861</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE2LFDEQhoMo7rr6CwQJePHSbeVjkrTgYVz8ggUv6jWkuyuSpqd7TNKr---tdVYPHrxUKvBUFe_D2FMBrQBhXk7tVMKhtBKkaMG1APIeOxfOukY4I-5TrzU0ksoZe1TKRMDOKvuQnSltQCqlztnXN-vPtHxrMs6h4shjqGFONWHhaeH7rdRM__CK73nGmtdyxKGma-RhCfNNSYWvkS_4o_ADjikQdFxzLY_Zgxjmgk_u3gv25d3bz5cfmqtP7z9e7q-aQTlbmxCs1F1v-xFHPUbsO1AYhYSw070xBmWv7OhARjVKKeywixij7sAZLdDt1AV7cdp7zOv3DUv1h1QGnOew4LoVT4E76JzWmtDn_6DTumVKQZQBDWAkWKLUiRooa8kY_TGnQ8g3XoC_1e4n_1u7v9XuwXmySlPP7nZvPXn4O_PHMwGvTwCSjOuE2Zch4TKQs0xC_bim_x74BdCalHQ</recordid><startdate>202201</startdate><enddate>202201</enddate><creator>Alevras, Alexander J.</creator><creator>Fuller, Joel T.</creator><creator>Mitchell, Rebecca</creator><creator>Lystad, Reidar P.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AYAGU</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9695-7445</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202201</creationdate><title>Boxing-related fatalities in Australia: A retrospective analysis of news media reports</title><author>Alevras, Alexander J. ; 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Retrospective analysis of news media reports of all boxing-related fatalities in Australia during 1832 to 2020.
Australia and New Zealand Newsstream, Factiva, Informit, Google News, Fairfax Media Archive, and Trove were searched from inception to December 31, 2020. News media articles reporting all-cause boxing-related mortality were included for analysis.
There were 163 boxing-related fatalities in Australia during 1832 to 2020, including 122 (74.8%) professional and 40 (24.5%) amateur athletes. The most common causes of death were traumatic brain injury (n = 121; 74.2%) and cardiac arrest (n = 11; 6.7%). Boxing-related deaths occurred most frequently during the decades from 1910 to 1930. The fatality rate remained relatively steady from the 1870s through the 1930s, and then declined precipitously until the 1980s. Since legislation to regulate boxing started being introduced in the mid-1970s, there were a total of eleven deaths, of which all but one were caused by traumatic brain injury.
Participation in boxing is associated with risk of death, in particular death caused by traumatic brain injury. The boxing-related fatality rate declined precipitously prior to government legislation to regulate boxing started being introduced, with no discernible further reduction in fatalities since. Given that a main purpose of government regulation of boxing is to protect the health and safety of athletes, the findings herein suggest that current regulations are either inadequate or not effectively implemented.</abstract><cop>Australia</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>34602333</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jsams.2021.08.002</doi><tpages>6</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9695-7445</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1440-2440 |
| ispartof | Journal of science and medicine in sport, 2022-01, Vol.25 (1), p.25-30 |
| issn | 1440-2440 1878-1861 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2579098444 |
| source | MEDLINE; ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present); ProQuest Central UK/Ireland |
| subjects | Archives & records Assaults Athletic injuries Australia - epidemiology Boxing Criminal law Death Fatalities Humans Incidence Mass Media New Zealand - epidemiology Retrospective Studies Sports medicine |
| title | Boxing-related fatalities in Australia: A retrospective analysis of news media reports |
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