Crop and water productivity, energy auditing, carbon footprints and soil health indicators of Bt-cotton transplanting led system intensification
Direct-seeded-cotton (DSC) leads to low crop and water productivity and energy-output with higher carbon-footprints besides impairing system-intensification under conventional cotton-wheat cropping system (CWCS). Hence, we evaluated two methods of Bt-cotton establishment [transplanted cotton (TPC) &...
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| description | Direct-seeded-cotton (DSC) leads to low crop and water productivity and energy-output with higher carbon-footprints besides impairing system-intensification under conventional cotton-wheat cropping system (CWCS). Hence, we evaluated two methods of Bt-cotton establishment [transplanted cotton (TPC) & DSC)] at three planting geometries/densities in four Bt-cotton based cropping-systems [DSC-wheat (DSC-W), TPC-wheat-mungbean (TPC-W-M), DSC-onion (DSC-O), TPC-onion-fodder cowpea + fodder maize (TPC-O-FC + FM)] in semi-arid region of south Asia. Poly-glass nursery-raised TPC exhibited significantly higher germination (96.5%), seedling-survival (96.1%) and 14.1% higher plant-stand owing to lower seedling-mortality (3.2%). TPC used ∼60% less irrigation-water but exhibited significantly higher seed-cotton, seed and lint yield, net-returns, radiation-use-efficiency and water-productivity by 11.4, 9.9, 14.3, 17.3, 10.7 and 260.6%, respectively over DSC. Planting geometry/density of 60 × 45 cm (37,037 plants ha−1) exhibited significantly higher crop and water productivity and economic-returns. Bt-cotton transplanting led system-intensification enhanced the system-productivity (26.1%), profitability (30.5%), water-productivity (19.3%) and land-use-efficiency (8.5%) over the DSC-based systems with significantly higher values under TPC-O-FC + FM. Energy-use pattern reveled that farm inputs viz. Fertilizers (54–60%), water (15–25%) and diesel (6–10%) consumed bulk of the input-energy in different cropping systems with greatest values under TPC-O-FC + FM. TPC-W-M exhibited highest system energy-output (604.6 × 103 MJ ha−1) and energy-returns (566.2 × 103 MJ ha−1). TPC-O-FC + FM exhibited significantly higher carbon-consumption (668.9 kg CE ha−1) and carbon-output (21431.3 kg CE ha−1) while maintaining significantly higher carbon-efficiency (32.0) and carbon sustainability index (31.0). TPC-O-FC + FM had least carbon-footprints (0.07 kg CE kg−1 SCEY) while conventional-CWCS exhibited 2-folds higher carbon-footprints. Legume-imbedded TPC-based cropping systems markedly increased the soil physical (bulk-density, water-stable-aggregates), chemical (SOC, available-NPK) and biological properties (soil-microbial-biomass-carbon, dehydrogenase and ergosterol activity) over the conventional CWCS and DCS-O systems. Overall, Bt-cotton transplanting led system-intensification upholds great importance in enhancing the system crop and water-productivity, profitability, energy-productivi |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113732 |
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•Higher productivity, water-saving (60%) & radiation-use efficiency (10.7%) in TPC.•TPC-based systems (TPCBS) enhanced crop (26.1%) & water productivity (19.3%).•Improved energy-output (6.8%) and energy-productivity (16.7%) in TPCBS.•TPCBS enhanced carbon-output, carbon-efficiency with ∼20% less carbon-footprints.•TPCBS as viable options for improving yields, soil health & ecosystem services.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0301-4797</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-8630</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113732</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Carbon footprints ; Cotton–wheat cropping system ; Energy productivity ; Radiation-use efficiency ; Transplanted Bt-cotton ; Water productivity</subject><ispartof>Journal of environmental management, 2021-12, Vol.300, p.113732-113732, Article 113732</ispartof><rights>2021 Elsevier Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c342t-884288402ce4426def39647ddf77e6a8377a5f984cd4fd5481551a702a75dcc63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c342t-884288402ce4426def39647ddf77e6a8377a5f984cd4fd5481551a702a75dcc63</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7657-8023 ; 0000-0003-3860-0653</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479721017941$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65534</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rajpoot, Sudhir K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rana, D.S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choudhary, Anil K.</creatorcontrib><title>Crop and water productivity, energy auditing, carbon footprints and soil health indicators of Bt-cotton transplanting led system intensification</title><title>Journal of environmental management</title><description>Direct-seeded-cotton (DSC) leads to low crop and water productivity and energy-output with higher carbon-footprints besides impairing system-intensification under conventional cotton-wheat cropping system (CWCS). Hence, we evaluated two methods of Bt-cotton establishment [transplanted cotton (TPC) & DSC)] at three planting geometries/densities in four Bt-cotton based cropping-systems [DSC-wheat (DSC-W), TPC-wheat-mungbean (TPC-W-M), DSC-onion (DSC-O), TPC-onion-fodder cowpea + fodder maize (TPC-O-FC + FM)] in semi-arid region of south Asia. Poly-glass nursery-raised TPC exhibited significantly higher germination (96.5%), seedling-survival (96.1%) and 14.1% higher plant-stand owing to lower seedling-mortality (3.2%). TPC used ∼60% less irrigation-water but exhibited significantly higher seed-cotton, seed and lint yield, net-returns, radiation-use-efficiency and water-productivity by 11.4, 9.9, 14.3, 17.3, 10.7 and 260.6%, respectively over DSC. Planting geometry/density of 60 × 45 cm (37,037 plants ha−1) exhibited significantly higher crop and water productivity and economic-returns. Bt-cotton transplanting led system-intensification enhanced the system-productivity (26.1%), profitability (30.5%), water-productivity (19.3%) and land-use-efficiency (8.5%) over the DSC-based systems with significantly higher values under TPC-O-FC + FM. Energy-use pattern reveled that farm inputs viz. Fertilizers (54–60%), water (15–25%) and diesel (6–10%) consumed bulk of the input-energy in different cropping systems with greatest values under TPC-O-FC + FM. TPC-W-M exhibited highest system energy-output (604.6 × 103 MJ ha−1) and energy-returns (566.2 × 103 MJ ha−1). TPC-O-FC + FM exhibited significantly higher carbon-consumption (668.9 kg CE ha−1) and carbon-output (21431.3 kg CE ha−1) while maintaining significantly higher carbon-efficiency (32.0) and carbon sustainability index (31.0). TPC-O-FC + FM had least carbon-footprints (0.07 kg CE kg−1 SCEY) while conventional-CWCS exhibited 2-folds higher carbon-footprints. Legume-imbedded TPC-based cropping systems markedly increased the soil physical (bulk-density, water-stable-aggregates), chemical (SOC, available-NPK) and biological properties (soil-microbial-biomass-carbon, dehydrogenase and ergosterol activity) over the conventional CWCS and DCS-O systems. Overall, Bt-cotton transplanting led system-intensification upholds great importance in enhancing the system crop and water-productivity, profitability, energy-productivity, resource-use-efficiency and soil-health with minimal carbon-footprints in semi-arid agro-ecosystems of south Asia.
•Higher productivity, water-saving (60%) & radiation-use efficiency (10.7%) in TPC.•TPC-based systems (TPCBS) enhanced crop (26.1%) & water productivity (19.3%).•Improved energy-output (6.8%) and energy-productivity (16.7%) in TPCBS.•TPCBS enhanced carbon-output, carbon-efficiency with ∼20% less carbon-footprints.•TPCBS as viable options for improving yields, soil health & ecosystem services.</description><subject>Carbon footprints</subject><subject>Cotton–wheat cropping system</subject><subject>Energy productivity</subject><subject>Radiation-use efficiency</subject><subject>Transplanted Bt-cotton</subject><subject>Water productivity</subject><issn>0301-4797</issn><issn>1095-8630</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkctqWzEQhkVJoU7aRyho2UWOq-vR8ao0Jr1AoJt2LVRplMgcS440dvBb9JEjx9l3Mcxmvp_5-Qj5yNmSMz5-3iw3kA9bl5eCCb7kXBop3pAFZys9TKNkF2TBJOODMivzjly2tmGMScHNgvxb17KjLgf65BAq3dUS9h7TIeHxmkKGen-kbh8Spnx_Tb2rf0umsRTc1ZSxvaCtpJk-gJvxgaYckndYaqMl0hscfEHsCFaX2252-RREZ-jUsSFsO4CQW4onKpX8nryNbm7w4XVfkT_fbn-vfwx3v77_XH-9G7xUAodpUqIPEx6UEmOAKFejMiFEY2B0kzTG6bialA8qBq0mrjV3hglndPB-lFfk0zm3N37cQ0O7Tc3D3D-Esm9WaKOMkkzrfqrPp76W1ipE27tvXT1azuzJgN3YVwP2ZMCeDXTuy5mD3uOQoNrmE2QPIVXwaENJ_0l4Bq7jlUg</recordid><startdate>20211215</startdate><enddate>20211215</enddate><creator>Rajpoot, Sudhir K.</creator><creator>Rana, D.S.</creator><creator>Choudhary, Anil K.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-8023</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3860-0653</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211215</creationdate><title>Crop and water productivity, energy auditing, carbon footprints and soil health indicators of Bt-cotton transplanting led system intensification</title><author>Rajpoot, Sudhir K. ; Rana, D.S. ; Choudhary, Anil K.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c342t-884288402ce4426def39647ddf77e6a8377a5f984cd4fd5481551a702a75dcc63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Carbon footprints</topic><topic>Cotton–wheat cropping system</topic><topic>Energy productivity</topic><topic>Radiation-use efficiency</topic><topic>Transplanted Bt-cotton</topic><topic>Water productivity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rajpoot, Sudhir K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rana, D.S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choudhary, Anil K.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of environmental management</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rajpoot, Sudhir K.</au><au>Rana, D.S.</au><au>Choudhary, Anil K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Crop and water productivity, energy auditing, carbon footprints and soil health indicators of Bt-cotton transplanting led system intensification</atitle><jtitle>Journal of environmental management</jtitle><date>2021-12-15</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>300</volume><spage>113732</spage><epage>113732</epage><pages>113732-113732</pages><artnum>113732</artnum><issn>0301-4797</issn><eissn>1095-8630</eissn><abstract>Direct-seeded-cotton (DSC) leads to low crop and water productivity and energy-output with higher carbon-footprints besides impairing system-intensification under conventional cotton-wheat cropping system (CWCS). Hence, we evaluated two methods of Bt-cotton establishment [transplanted cotton (TPC) & DSC)] at three planting geometries/densities in four Bt-cotton based cropping-systems [DSC-wheat (DSC-W), TPC-wheat-mungbean (TPC-W-M), DSC-onion (DSC-O), TPC-onion-fodder cowpea + fodder maize (TPC-O-FC + FM)] in semi-arid region of south Asia. Poly-glass nursery-raised TPC exhibited significantly higher germination (96.5%), seedling-survival (96.1%) and 14.1% higher plant-stand owing to lower seedling-mortality (3.2%). TPC used ∼60% less irrigation-water but exhibited significantly higher seed-cotton, seed and lint yield, net-returns, radiation-use-efficiency and water-productivity by 11.4, 9.9, 14.3, 17.3, 10.7 and 260.6%, respectively over DSC. Planting geometry/density of 60 × 45 cm (37,037 plants ha−1) exhibited significantly higher crop and water productivity and economic-returns. Bt-cotton transplanting led system-intensification enhanced the system-productivity (26.1%), profitability (30.5%), water-productivity (19.3%) and land-use-efficiency (8.5%) over the DSC-based systems with significantly higher values under TPC-O-FC + FM. Energy-use pattern reveled that farm inputs viz. Fertilizers (54–60%), water (15–25%) and diesel (6–10%) consumed bulk of the input-energy in different cropping systems with greatest values under TPC-O-FC + FM. TPC-W-M exhibited highest system energy-output (604.6 × 103 MJ ha−1) and energy-returns (566.2 × 103 MJ ha−1). TPC-O-FC + FM exhibited significantly higher carbon-consumption (668.9 kg CE ha−1) and carbon-output (21431.3 kg CE ha−1) while maintaining significantly higher carbon-efficiency (32.0) and carbon sustainability index (31.0). TPC-O-FC + FM had least carbon-footprints (0.07 kg CE kg−1 SCEY) while conventional-CWCS exhibited 2-folds higher carbon-footprints. Legume-imbedded TPC-based cropping systems markedly increased the soil physical (bulk-density, water-stable-aggregates), chemical (SOC, available-NPK) and biological properties (soil-microbial-biomass-carbon, dehydrogenase and ergosterol activity) over the conventional CWCS and DCS-O systems. Overall, Bt-cotton transplanting led system-intensification upholds great importance in enhancing the system crop and water-productivity, profitability, energy-productivity, resource-use-efficiency and soil-health with minimal carbon-footprints in semi-arid agro-ecosystems of south Asia.
•Higher productivity, water-saving (60%) & radiation-use efficiency (10.7%) in TPC.•TPC-based systems (TPCBS) enhanced crop (26.1%) & water productivity (19.3%).•Improved energy-output (6.8%) and energy-productivity (16.7%) in TPCBS.•TPCBS enhanced carbon-output, carbon-efficiency with ∼20% less carbon-footprints.•TPCBS as viable options for improving yields, soil health & ecosystem services.</abstract><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113732</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-8023</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3860-0653</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Carbon footprints Cotton–wheat cropping system Energy productivity Radiation-use efficiency Transplanted Bt-cotton Water productivity |
| title | Crop and water productivity, energy auditing, carbon footprints and soil health indicators of Bt-cotton transplanting led system intensification |
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