Melatonin enhances antioxidant defenses but could not ameliorate the reproductive disorders in induced hyperthyroidism model in male rats
The present study was carried out to clarify the effect of different doses of melatonin on some reproductive hormones, serum total antioxidant, histopathological examination, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant parameters in liver, kidney, heart, and testis tissues in induced-hyperthyroidism (HT) ma...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2021, Vol.28 (4), p.4790-4804 |
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| description | The present study was carried out to clarify the effect of different doses of melatonin on some reproductive hormones, serum total antioxidant, histopathological examination, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant parameters in liver, kidney, heart, and testis tissues in induced-hyperthyroidism (HT) male rat model. A total of 75 mature male Wistar rats were equally allocated into five groups; control groups were daily I/P injected with distilled water containing 4 M ammonium hydroxide in methanol and 1% absolute ethanol; on hyperthyroidism model group, rats received daily I/P injection of L-thyroxine (0.2 mg/kg body weight). In melatonin-treated groups, rats were injected with the same dose of L-thyroxine followed by I/P injection of melatonin (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg, respectively) for 21 days. The hyperthyroidism group showed significant increase in serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and testosterone levels and a significant decrease in the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and serum total antioxidants capacity, with a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione reductase (GSH) content with a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in all examined tissues. While, melatonin co-treatment to HT groups partially counteracted the effect of hyperthyroidism by decreasing serum T4 and T3 levels and increasing serum TSH. In addition, melatonin could decrease serum levels of FSH, LH, and testosterone, as well as it could increase serum total antioxidants capacity, SOD activity, and GSH content and decreased MDA concentration in all examined tissues. Additionally, melatonin could amend the histopathological alterations in the examined tissues of hyperthyroid rats but not the testicular tissue. It is concluded that melatonin has a protective role against the hyperthyroidism-induced oxidative damage but cannot ameliorate the reproductive disorders in male rat model. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-020-10682-7 |
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A total of 75 mature male Wistar rats were equally allocated into five groups; control groups were daily I/P injected with distilled water containing 4 M ammonium hydroxide in methanol and 1% absolute ethanol; on hyperthyroidism model group, rats received daily I/P injection of L-thyroxine (0.2 mg/kg body weight). In melatonin-treated groups, rats were injected with the same dose of L-thyroxine followed by I/P injection of melatonin (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg, respectively) for 21 days. The hyperthyroidism group showed significant increase in serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and testosterone levels and a significant decrease in the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and serum total antioxidants capacity, with a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione reductase (GSH) content with a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in all examined tissues. While, melatonin co-treatment to HT groups partially counteracted the effect of hyperthyroidism by decreasing serum T4 and T3 levels and increasing serum TSH. In addition, melatonin could decrease serum levels of FSH, LH, and testosterone, as well as it could increase serum total antioxidants capacity, SOD activity, and GSH content and decreased MDA concentration in all examined tissues. Additionally, melatonin could amend the histopathological alterations in the examined tissues of hyperthyroid rats but not the testicular tissue. It is concluded that melatonin has a protective role against the hyperthyroidism-induced oxidative damage but cannot ameliorate the reproductive disorders in male rat model.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10682-7</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32951169</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Ammonium ; Ammonium hydroxide ; Animal models ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; Aquatic Pollution ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; blood serum ; Body weight ; Distilled water ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental science ; Ethanol ; Follicle-stimulating hormone ; Glutathione ; Glutathione reductase ; glutathione-disulfide reductase ; heart ; histopathology ; Hormones ; Hyperthyroidism ; Hyperthyroidism - chemically induced ; Hyperthyroidism - drug therapy ; Injection ; Kidneys ; L-thyroxine ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Lipids ; liver ; Luteinizing hormone ; Male ; males ; Malondialdehyde ; Melatonin ; Melatonin - pharmacology ; methanol ; Oxidative Stress ; Peroxidation ; protective effect ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reductases ; Reproductive disorders ; Reproductive system ; Research Article ; Rodents ; Serum levels ; Superoxide dismutase ; Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism ; testes ; Testosterone ; Thyroid ; Thyroid gland ; Thyroid hormones ; Thyroid-stimulating hormone ; Thyroxine ; Tissues ; Triiodothyronine ; Waste Water Technology ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2021, Vol.28 (4), p.4790-4804</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020. corrected publication 2020</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020. corrected publication 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-3a47eb701ec5c4e1531bf08b95487cf72b990bfb17cfe6fb6801775b94ea707a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-3a47eb701ec5c4e1531bf08b95487cf72b990bfb17cfe6fb6801775b94ea707a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6643-0770</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-020-10682-7$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-020-10682-7$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32951169$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ramadan, Hager M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taha, Nadia A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmed, Hodallah H.</creatorcontrib><title>Melatonin enhances antioxidant defenses but could not ameliorate the reproductive disorders in induced hyperthyroidism model in male rats</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>The present study was carried out to clarify the effect of different doses of melatonin on some reproductive hormones, serum total antioxidant, histopathological examination, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant parameters in liver, kidney, heart, and testis tissues in induced-hyperthyroidism (HT) male rat model. A total of 75 mature male Wistar rats were equally allocated into five groups; control groups were daily I/P injected with distilled water containing 4 M ammonium hydroxide in methanol and 1% absolute ethanol; on hyperthyroidism model group, rats received daily I/P injection of L-thyroxine (0.2 mg/kg body weight). In melatonin-treated groups, rats were injected with the same dose of L-thyroxine followed by I/P injection of melatonin (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg, respectively) for 21 days. The hyperthyroidism group showed significant increase in serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and testosterone levels and a significant decrease in the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and serum total antioxidants capacity, with a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione reductase (GSH) content with a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in all examined tissues. While, melatonin co-treatment to HT groups partially counteracted the effect of hyperthyroidism by decreasing serum T4 and T3 levels and increasing serum TSH. In addition, melatonin could decrease serum levels of FSH, LH, and testosterone, as well as it could increase serum total antioxidants capacity, SOD activity, and GSH content and decreased MDA concentration in all examined tissues. Additionally, melatonin could amend the histopathological alterations in the examined tissues of hyperthyroid rats but not the testicular tissue. It is concluded that melatonin has a protective role against the hyperthyroidism-induced oxidative damage but cannot ameliorate the reproductive disorders in male rat model.</description><subject>Ammonium</subject><subject>Ammonium hydroxide</subject><subject>Animal models</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>blood serum</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Distilled water</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Follicle-stimulating hormone</subject><subject>Glutathione</subject><subject>Glutathione reductase</subject><subject>glutathione-disulfide reductase</subject><subject>heart</subject><subject>histopathology</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>Hyperthyroidism</subject><subject>Hyperthyroidism - chemically induced</subject><subject>Hyperthyroidism - drug therapy</subject><subject>Injection</subject><subject>Kidneys</subject><subject>L-thyroxine</subject><subject>Lipid Peroxidation</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>liver</subject><subject>Luteinizing hormone</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>males</subject><subject>Malondialdehyde</subject><subject>Melatonin</subject><subject>Melatonin - pharmacology</subject><subject>methanol</subject><subject>Oxidative Stress</subject><subject>Peroxidation</subject><subject>protective effect</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>Reductases</subject><subject>Reproductive disorders</subject><subject>Reproductive system</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Serum levels</subject><subject>Superoxide dismutase</subject><subject>Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism</subject><subject>testes</subject><subject>Testosterone</subject><subject>Thyroid</subject><subject>Thyroid gland</subject><subject>Thyroid hormones</subject><subject>Thyroid-stimulating hormone</subject><subject>Thyroxine</subject><subject>Tissues</subject><subject>Triiodothyronine</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><issn>0944-1344</issn><issn>1614-7499</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1u1TAQhS0EoreFF2CBLLFhE_D4J46XqCoUqYgNrC07mXBdJfbFdhD3EXhrXG4BiQWrkWe-c2bkQ8gzYK-AMf26AAjVd4yzDlg_8E4_IDvoQXZaGvOQ7JiRsgMh5Rk5L-WWNdJw_ZicCW4UQG925McHXFxNMUSKce_iiIW6WEP6HqZW6YQzxtKafqt0TNsy0ZgqdSsuIWVXkdY90oyHnKZtrOEb0imUlCfMhTbTEFsbJ7o_HjDX_TGn0OYrXdOEyx2wuqXpXS1PyKPZLQWf3tcL8vnt1afL6-7m47v3l29uulFKVTvhpEavGeCoRomgBPiZDd4oOehx1twbw_zsoT2wn30_MNBaeSPRaaaduCAvT77t5K8blmrXUEZcFhcxbcVypaUQHHre0Bf_oLdpy7FdZ7kcmJI9MGgUP1FjTqVknO0hh9XlowVm74Kyp6Bs-377Kyirm-j5vfXmV5z-SH4n0wBxAkobxS-Y_-7-j-1PnwCg-Q</recordid><startdate>2021</startdate><enddate>2021</enddate><creator>Ramadan, Hager M.</creator><creator>Taha, Nadia A.</creator><creator>Ahmed, Hodallah H.</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6643-0770</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>2021</creationdate><title>Melatonin enhances antioxidant defenses but could not ameliorate the reproductive disorders in induced hyperthyroidism model in male rats</title><author>Ramadan, Hager M. ; Taha, Nadia A. ; Ahmed, Hodallah H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-3a47eb701ec5c4e1531bf08b95487cf72b990bfb17cfe6fb6801775b94ea707a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Ammonium</topic><topic>Ammonium hydroxide</topic><topic>Animal models</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Aquatic Pollution</topic><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>blood serum</topic><topic>Body weight</topic><topic>Distilled water</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Chemistry</topic><topic>Environmental Health</topic><topic>Environmental science</topic><topic>Ethanol</topic><topic>Follicle-stimulating hormone</topic><topic>Glutathione</topic><topic>Glutathione reductase</topic><topic>glutathione-disulfide reductase</topic><topic>heart</topic><topic>histopathology</topic><topic>Hormones</topic><topic>Hyperthyroidism</topic><topic>Hyperthyroidism - chemically induced</topic><topic>Hyperthyroidism - drug therapy</topic><topic>Injection</topic><topic>Kidneys</topic><topic>L-thyroxine</topic><topic>Lipid Peroxidation</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>liver</topic><topic>Luteinizing hormone</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>males</topic><topic>Malondialdehyde</topic><topic>Melatonin</topic><topic>Melatonin - pharmacology</topic><topic>methanol</topic><topic>Oxidative Stress</topic><topic>Peroxidation</topic><topic>protective effect</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Wistar</topic><topic>Reductases</topic><topic>Reproductive disorders</topic><topic>Reproductive system</topic><topic>Research Article</topic><topic>Rodents</topic><topic>Serum levels</topic><topic>Superoxide dismutase</topic><topic>Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism</topic><topic>testes</topic><topic>Testosterone</topic><topic>Thyroid</topic><topic>Thyroid gland</topic><topic>Thyroid hormones</topic><topic>Thyroid-stimulating hormone</topic><topic>Thyroxine</topic><topic>Tissues</topic><topic>Triiodothyronine</topic><topic>Waste Water Technology</topic><topic>Water Management</topic><topic>Water Pollution Control</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ramadan, Hager M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taha, Nadia A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmed, Hodallah H.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ramadan, Hager M.</au><au>Taha, Nadia A.</au><au>Ahmed, Hodallah H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Melatonin enhances antioxidant defenses but could not ameliorate the reproductive disorders in induced hyperthyroidism model in male rats</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2021</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>4790</spage><epage>4804</epage><pages>4790-4804</pages><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>The present study was carried out to clarify the effect of different doses of melatonin on some reproductive hormones, serum total antioxidant, histopathological examination, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant parameters in liver, kidney, heart, and testis tissues in induced-hyperthyroidism (HT) male rat model. A total of 75 mature male Wistar rats were equally allocated into five groups; control groups were daily I/P injected with distilled water containing 4 M ammonium hydroxide in methanol and 1% absolute ethanol; on hyperthyroidism model group, rats received daily I/P injection of L-thyroxine (0.2 mg/kg body weight). In melatonin-treated groups, rats were injected with the same dose of L-thyroxine followed by I/P injection of melatonin (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg, respectively) for 21 days. The hyperthyroidism group showed significant increase in serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and testosterone levels and a significant decrease in the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and serum total antioxidants capacity, with a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione reductase (GSH) content with a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in all examined tissues. While, melatonin co-treatment to HT groups partially counteracted the effect of hyperthyroidism by decreasing serum T4 and T3 levels and increasing serum TSH. In addition, melatonin could decrease serum levels of FSH, LH, and testosterone, as well as it could increase serum total antioxidants capacity, SOD activity, and GSH content and decreased MDA concentration in all examined tissues. Additionally, melatonin could amend the histopathological alterations in the examined tissues of hyperthyroid rats but not the testicular tissue. It is concluded that melatonin has a protective role against the hyperthyroidism-induced oxidative damage but cannot ameliorate the reproductive disorders in male rat model.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>32951169</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-020-10682-7</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6643-0770</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Ammonium Ammonium hydroxide Animal models Animals Antioxidants Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution blood serum Body weight Distilled water Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Ethanol Follicle-stimulating hormone Glutathione Glutathione reductase glutathione-disulfide reductase heart histopathology Hormones Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism - chemically induced Hyperthyroidism - drug therapy Injection Kidneys L-thyroxine Lipid Peroxidation Lipids liver Luteinizing hormone Male males Malondialdehyde Melatonin Melatonin - pharmacology methanol Oxidative Stress Peroxidation protective effect Rats Rats, Wistar Reductases Reproductive disorders Reproductive system Research Article Rodents Serum levels Superoxide dismutase Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism testes Testosterone Thyroid Thyroid gland Thyroid hormones Thyroid-stimulating hormone Thyroxine Tissues Triiodothyronine Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control |
| title | Melatonin enhances antioxidant defenses but could not ameliorate the reproductive disorders in induced hyperthyroidism model in male rats |
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