Preliminary assessment of antimicrobial activity and acute toxicity of norfloxacin chlorination by-product mixture
Among drugs and personal care products, antibiotics arouse interest since they are widely used in human and veterinary medicine and can lead to the development of bacterial resistance. Usually, sewage treatment does not remove most of these compounds. So, these drugs can reach water treatment plants...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2021, Vol.28 (4), p.3828-3836 |
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| creator | Médice, Rhuana Valdetário Afonso, Robson José de Cássia Franco Almeida, Marys Lene Braga de Aquino, Sérgio Francisco Libânio, Marcelo |
| description | Among drugs and personal care products, antibiotics arouse interest since they are widely used in human and veterinary medicine and can lead to the development of bacterial resistance. Usually, sewage treatment does not remove most of these compounds. So, these drugs can reach water treatment plants (WTP), where disinfection with chlorine compounds is common. This work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and preliminary toxicity of the mix of by-products forming due to the chlorination of norfloxacin. This is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic indicated for the treatment of urinary infection and gonorrhea, with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). The drug was subjected to chlorination tests, on a bench scale, with several reaction times (from 5 min to 24 h). Analyses of high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) were performed for the characterization of the by-products. The MS results showed five peaks attributed to the by-products’ formation, of which four were identified. The antibiogram results indicated that the solution that contained the mixture of the by-products lost antibacterial activity against the
E
.
coli
strain studied. The acute toxicity tests for the
Artemia salina
microcrustacean showed that the blend of the by-products exhibited higher toxicity than pure norfloxacin. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-020-09748-3 |
| format | Article |
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E
.
coli
strain studied. The acute toxicity tests for the
Artemia salina
microcrustacean showed that the blend of the by-products exhibited higher toxicity than pure norfloxacin.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09748-3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32577976</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Acute toxicity ; Animals ; Antibacterial activity ; antibacterial properties ; Antibiotics ; Antimicrobial activity ; Antimicrobial agents ; Aquatic Pollution ; Artemia ; Artemia salina ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; By products ; Byproducts ; Chlorination ; Chlorine ; Chlorine compounds ; Consumer products ; Disinfection ; E coli ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental science ; Environmental Toxicity Assessment: State of the Art and Future Directions in a World of Arising Threats ; Escherichia coli ; Gonorrhea ; Halogenation ; Humans ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Norfloxacin ; Sewage treatment ; Sewage treatment plants ; Sexually transmitted diseases ; Sodium hypochlorite ; STD ; Toxicity ; Toxicity testing ; Veterinary medicine ; Waste Water Technology ; Wastewater treatment ; Water Management ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity ; Water Pollution Control ; Water Purification ; Water treatment ; Water treatment plants</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2021, Vol.28 (4), p.3828-3836</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-1b80ab8f82bde2e2efc84cbb46bd376577a057c1af97933b891fc13afb27dc1b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-1b80ab8f82bde2e2efc84cbb46bd376577a057c1af97933b891fc13afb27dc1b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9080-1228</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-020-09748-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-020-09748-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41467,42536,51297</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32577976$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Médice, Rhuana Valdetário</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Afonso, Robson José de Cássia Franco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Almeida, Marys Lene Braga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Aquino, Sérgio Francisco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Libânio, Marcelo</creatorcontrib><title>Preliminary assessment of antimicrobial activity and acute toxicity of norfloxacin chlorination by-product mixture</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>Among drugs and personal care products, antibiotics arouse interest since they are widely used in human and veterinary medicine and can lead to the development of bacterial resistance. Usually, sewage treatment does not remove most of these compounds. So, these drugs can reach water treatment plants (WTP), where disinfection with chlorine compounds is common. This work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and preliminary toxicity of the mix of by-products forming due to the chlorination of norfloxacin. This is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic indicated for the treatment of urinary infection and gonorrhea, with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). The drug was subjected to chlorination tests, on a bench scale, with several reaction times (from 5 min to 24 h). Analyses of high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) were performed for the characterization of the by-products. The MS results showed five peaks attributed to the by-products’ formation, of which four were identified. The antibiogram results indicated that the solution that contained the mixture of the by-products lost antibacterial activity against the
E
.
coli
strain studied. The acute toxicity tests for the
Artemia salina
microcrustacean showed that the blend of the by-products exhibited higher toxicity than pure norfloxacin.</description><subject>Acute toxicity</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibacterial activity</subject><subject>antibacterial properties</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Antimicrobial activity</subject><subject>Antimicrobial agents</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Artemia</subject><subject>Artemia salina</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>By products</subject><subject>Byproducts</subject><subject>Chlorination</subject><subject>Chlorine</subject><subject>Chlorine compounds</subject><subject>Consumer products</subject><subject>Disinfection</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Environmental Toxicity Assessment: State of the Art and Future Directions in a World of Arising Threats</subject><subject>Escherichia coli</subject><subject>Gonorrhea</subject><subject>Halogenation</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Norfloxacin</subject><subject>Sewage treatment</subject><subject>Sewage treatment plants</subject><subject>Sexually transmitted diseases</subject><subject>Sodium hypochlorite</subject><subject>STD</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Toxicity testing</subject><subject>Veterinary medicine</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Wastewater treatment</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - 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Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Médice, Rhuana Valdetário</au><au>Afonso, Robson José de Cássia Franco</au><au>Almeida, Marys Lene Braga</au><au>de Aquino, Sérgio Francisco</au><au>Libânio, Marcelo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Preliminary assessment of antimicrobial activity and acute toxicity of norfloxacin chlorination by-product mixture</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2021</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>3828</spage><epage>3836</epage><pages>3828-3836</pages><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>Among drugs and personal care products, antibiotics arouse interest since they are widely used in human and veterinary medicine and can lead to the development of bacterial resistance. Usually, sewage treatment does not remove most of these compounds. So, these drugs can reach water treatment plants (WTP), where disinfection with chlorine compounds is common. This work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and preliminary toxicity of the mix of by-products forming due to the chlorination of norfloxacin. This is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic indicated for the treatment of urinary infection and gonorrhea, with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). The drug was subjected to chlorination tests, on a bench scale, with several reaction times (from 5 min to 24 h). Analyses of high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) were performed for the characterization of the by-products. The MS results showed five peaks attributed to the by-products’ formation, of which four were identified. The antibiogram results indicated that the solution that contained the mixture of the by-products lost antibacterial activity against the
E
.
coli
strain studied. The acute toxicity tests for the
Artemia salina
microcrustacean showed that the blend of the by-products exhibited higher toxicity than pure norfloxacin.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>32577976</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-020-09748-3</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9080-1228</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Environmental science and pollution research international, 2021, Vol.28 (4), p.3828-3836 |
| issn | 0944-1344 1614-7499 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Acute toxicity Animals Antibacterial activity antibacterial properties Antibiotics Antimicrobial activity Antimicrobial agents Aquatic Pollution Artemia Artemia salina Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution By products Byproducts Chlorination Chlorine Chlorine compounds Consumer products Disinfection E coli Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Environmental Toxicity Assessment: State of the Art and Future Directions in a World of Arising Threats Escherichia coli Gonorrhea Halogenation Humans Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Norfloxacin Sewage treatment Sewage treatment plants Sexually transmitted diseases Sodium hypochlorite STD Toxicity Toxicity testing Veterinary medicine Waste Water Technology Wastewater treatment Water Management Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity Water Pollution Control Water Purification Water treatment Water treatment plants |
| title | Preliminary assessment of antimicrobial activity and acute toxicity of norfloxacin chlorination by-product mixture |
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