Molecular mechanisms of sex hormones in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease
•Sexual hormones and their metabolites can play an essential role in the survival of nerves.•Sexual steroid hormones exert effects in learning by inducing mitosis of the nerve cells.•In adults, sexual steroid hormones have a broad range of neuroprotective effects. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Neuroscience letters 2021-11, Vol.764, p.136221-136221, Article 136221 |
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| creator | Radaghdam, Saeed Karamad, Vahidreza Nourazarian, Alireza Shademan, Behrouz khaki-khatibi, Fatemeh Nikanfar, Masoud |
| description | •Sexual hormones and their metabolites can play an essential role in the survival of nerves.•Sexual steroid hormones exert effects in learning by inducing mitosis of the nerve cells.•In adults, sexual steroid hormones have a broad range of neuroprotective effects.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a form of brain disorder characterized by various pathological changes in the brain. Numerous studies have shown that sex hormones are involved in the disease. For instance, progesterone, estrogen, and testosterone are well-known steroid sex hormones that play an essential role in AD pathogenesis. The Gender-dependency of AD is attributed to the effect of these hormones on the brain, which plays a neuroprotective role. In recent years, much research has been performed on the protective role of these hormones against nerve cell damage, which are promising for AD management. Hence, in the current review, we aim to decipher the protective role of steroid hormones in AD. Accordingly, we will discuss their functional mechanisms at the genomic and non-genomic scales. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136221 |
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a form of brain disorder characterized by various pathological changes in the brain. Numerous studies have shown that sex hormones are involved in the disease. For instance, progesterone, estrogen, and testosterone are well-known steroid sex hormones that play an essential role in AD pathogenesis. The Gender-dependency of AD is attributed to the effect of these hormones on the brain, which plays a neuroprotective role. In recent years, much research has been performed on the protective role of these hormones against nerve cell damage, which are promising for AD management. Hence, in the current review, we aim to decipher the protective role of steroid hormones in AD. Accordingly, we will discuss their functional mechanisms at the genomic and non-genomic scales.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0304-3940</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-7972</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136221</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34500000</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Ireland: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Alzheimer Disease - diagnosis ; Alzheimer Disease - metabolism ; Alzheimer Disease - pathology ; Alzheimer's disease ; Animals ; Brain - metabolism ; Brain - pathology ; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones - metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; MAPK/ERK signaling ; Protective Factors ; Sex Factors ; Sex hormones ; Signal Transduction</subject><ispartof>Neuroscience letters, 2021-11, Vol.764, p.136221-136221, Article 136221</ispartof><rights>2021 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c362t-8e673c262e607d95311ba4d01e1906c4c6d94ed809d578afafe1ff220d8b8dbd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c362t-8e673c262e607d95311ba4d01e1906c4c6d94ed809d578afafe1ff220d8b8dbd3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2967-2535 ; 0000-0003-2082-1335</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136221$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34500000$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Radaghdam, Saeed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karamad, Vahidreza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nourazarian, Alireza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shademan, Behrouz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>khaki-khatibi, Fatemeh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nikanfar, Masoud</creatorcontrib><title>Molecular mechanisms of sex hormones in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease</title><title>Neuroscience letters</title><addtitle>Neurosci Lett</addtitle><description>•Sexual hormones and their metabolites can play an essential role in the survival of nerves.•Sexual steroid hormones exert effects in learning by inducing mitosis of the nerve cells.•In adults, sexual steroid hormones have a broad range of neuroprotective effects.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a form of brain disorder characterized by various pathological changes in the brain. Numerous studies have shown that sex hormones are involved in the disease. For instance, progesterone, estrogen, and testosterone are well-known steroid sex hormones that play an essential role in AD pathogenesis. The Gender-dependency of AD is attributed to the effect of these hormones on the brain, which plays a neuroprotective role. In recent years, much research has been performed on the protective role of these hormones against nerve cell damage, which are promising for AD management. Hence, in the current review, we aim to decipher the protective role of steroid hormones in AD. Accordingly, we will discuss their functional mechanisms at the genomic and non-genomic scales.</description><subject>Alzheimer Disease - diagnosis</subject><subject>Alzheimer Disease - metabolism</subject><subject>Alzheimer Disease - pathology</subject><subject>Alzheimer's disease</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Brain - metabolism</subject><subject>Brain - pathology</subject><subject>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Disease Progression</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gonadal Steroid Hormones - metabolism</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>MAPK/ERK signaling</subject><subject>Protective Factors</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Sex hormones</subject><subject>Signal Transduction</subject><issn>0304-3940</issn><issn>1872-7972</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kEtPwzAQhC0EoqXwDxDyDS4ptvO-IFUVL6mIC1yxXHtDXSV28SYV8OtJlcKRvexlZmf2I-ScsylnPLteTx10NbRTwQSf8jgTgh-QMS9yEeVlLg7JmMUsieIyYSNygrhmjKU8TY7JKE5StpsxeXvyNeiuVoE2oFfKWWyQ-ooifNKVD413gNQ62q6AGthC7TcNuJYqZ-gm-PcAiNa7nWVWf6_ANhAukRqLoBBOyVGlaoSz_Z6Q17vbl_lDtHi-f5zPFpHue7dRAVkea5EJyFhuyjTmfKkSwzjwkmU60ZkpEzAFK02aF6pSFfCqEoKZYlmYpYkn5Gq421f66ABb2VjUUNfKge9QijTnpSjKWPTSZJDq4BEDVHITbKPCl-RM7sjKtRzIyh1ZOZDtbRf7hG7ZgPkz_aLsBTeDAPo_txaCRG3BaTA2gG6l8fb_hB-W9IzH</recordid><startdate>20211101</startdate><enddate>20211101</enddate><creator>Radaghdam, Saeed</creator><creator>Karamad, Vahidreza</creator><creator>Nourazarian, Alireza</creator><creator>Shademan, Behrouz</creator><creator>khaki-khatibi, Fatemeh</creator><creator>Nikanfar, Masoud</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-2535</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2082-1335</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211101</creationdate><title>Molecular mechanisms of sex hormones in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease</title><author>Radaghdam, Saeed ; Karamad, Vahidreza ; Nourazarian, Alireza ; Shademan, Behrouz ; khaki-khatibi, Fatemeh ; Nikanfar, Masoud</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c362t-8e673c262e607d95311ba4d01e1906c4c6d94ed809d578afafe1ff220d8b8dbd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Alzheimer Disease - diagnosis</topic><topic>Alzheimer Disease - metabolism</topic><topic>Alzheimer Disease - pathology</topic><topic>Alzheimer's disease</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Brain - metabolism</topic><topic>Brain - pathology</topic><topic>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>Disease Progression</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gonadal Steroid Hormones - metabolism</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>MAPK/ERK signaling</topic><topic>Protective Factors</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><topic>Sex hormones</topic><topic>Signal Transduction</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Radaghdam, Saeed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karamad, Vahidreza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nourazarian, Alireza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shademan, Behrouz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>khaki-khatibi, Fatemeh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nikanfar, Masoud</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Neuroscience letters</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Radaghdam, Saeed</au><au>Karamad, Vahidreza</au><au>Nourazarian, Alireza</au><au>Shademan, Behrouz</au><au>khaki-khatibi, Fatemeh</au><au>Nikanfar, Masoud</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Molecular mechanisms of sex hormones in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease</atitle><jtitle>Neuroscience letters</jtitle><addtitle>Neurosci Lett</addtitle><date>2021-11-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>764</volume><spage>136221</spage><epage>136221</epage><pages>136221-136221</pages><artnum>136221</artnum><issn>0304-3940</issn><eissn>1872-7972</eissn><abstract>•Sexual hormones and their metabolites can play an essential role in the survival of nerves.•Sexual steroid hormones exert effects in learning by inducing mitosis of the nerve cells.•In adults, sexual steroid hormones have a broad range of neuroprotective effects.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a form of brain disorder characterized by various pathological changes in the brain. Numerous studies have shown that sex hormones are involved in the disease. For instance, progesterone, estrogen, and testosterone are well-known steroid sex hormones that play an essential role in AD pathogenesis. The Gender-dependency of AD is attributed to the effect of these hormones on the brain, which plays a neuroprotective role. In recent years, much research has been performed on the protective role of these hormones against nerve cell damage, which are promising for AD management. Hence, in the current review, we aim to decipher the protective role of steroid hormones in AD. Accordingly, we will discuss their functional mechanisms at the genomic and non-genomic scales.</abstract><cop>Ireland</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>34500000</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136221</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-2535</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2082-1335</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Neuroscience letters, 2021-11, Vol.764, p.136221-136221, Article 136221 |
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| subjects | Alzheimer Disease - diagnosis Alzheimer Disease - metabolism Alzheimer Disease - pathology Alzheimer's disease Animals Brain - metabolism Brain - pathology Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Disease Models, Animal Disease Progression Female Gonadal Steroid Hormones - metabolism Humans Male MAPK/ERK signaling Protective Factors Sex Factors Sex hormones Signal Transduction |
| title | Molecular mechanisms of sex hormones in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease |
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