Repetitive hygroscopic snapping movements in awns of wild oats
Wild oat (Avena sterilis) is a very common annual plant species. Successful seed dispersion support its wide distribution in Africa, Asia and Europe. The seed dispersal units are made of two elongated stiff awns that are attached to a pointy compartment containing two seeds. The awns bend and twist...
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description | Wild oat (Avena sterilis) is a very common annual plant species. Successful seed dispersion support its wide distribution in Africa, Asia and Europe. The seed dispersal units are made of two elongated stiff awns that are attached to a pointy compartment containing two seeds. The awns bend and twist with changes in humidity, pushing the seeds along and into the soil. The present work reveals the material structure of the awns, and models their functionality as two-link robotic arms. Based on nano-to-micro structure analyses the bending and twisting hygroscopic movements are explained. The coordinated movements of two sister awns attached to one dispersal unit were followed. Our work shows that sister awns intersect typically twice every wetting-drying cycle. Once the awns cross each other, epidermal silica hairs are suggested to lock subsequent movements, resulting in stress accumulation. Sudden release of the interlocked awns induces jumps of the dispersal unit and changes in its movement direction. Our findings propose a new role to epidermis silica hairs and a new facet of wild oat seed dispersion. Reversible jumping mechanism in multiple-awn seed dispersal units may serve as a blueprint for reversibly jumping robotic systems.
The seed dispersal unit of wild oats carries two elongated stiff awns covered by unidirectional silica hairs. The awns bend and twist with changes in humidity, pushing the seed capsule along and into the ground. We studied structures constructing the movement mechanism and modeled the awn as a two-link robotic arm. We show that sister awns, attached to the same seed capsule, intersect twice every drying cycle. Once the awns cross each other, the epidermal silica hairs are suggested to lock any subsequent movements, causing stress accumulation. Sudden release of the interlocked awns may cause the dispersal unit to jump and change its direction. Our findings suggest a new role to silica hairs and a new dispersal mechanism in multiple-awn seed dispersal units.
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doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.048 |
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The seed dispersal unit of wild oats carries two elongated stiff awns covered by unidirectional silica hairs. The awns bend and twist with changes in humidity, pushing the seed capsule along and into the ground. We studied structures constructing the movement mechanism and modeled the awn as a two-link robotic arm. We show that sister awns, attached to the same seed capsule, intersect twice every drying cycle. Once the awns cross each other, the epidermal silica hairs are suggested to lock any subsequent movements, causing stress accumulation. Sudden release of the interlocked awns may cause the dispersal unit to jump and change its direction. Our findings suggest a new role to silica hairs and a new dispersal mechanism in multiple-awn seed dispersal units.
[Display omitted]</description><identifier>ISSN: 1742-7061</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-7568</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.048</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Avena sterilis ; Awns ; Cellulose microfibrils ; Dispersal ; Dispersion ; Drying ; Epidermis ; Geographical distribution ; Hygroscopically active movement ; Hygroscopicity ; Plant species ; Robot arms ; Robotic arm ; Seed dispersal ; Seeds ; Silica ; Silicon dioxide ; Wetting</subject><ispartof>Acta biomaterialia, 2021-11, Vol.135, p.483-492</ispartof><rights>2021 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Nov 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c367t-578531d284b4f1881ead0d6afaf3c0d638afb0f04a157b7bbf7a7da796e420e43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c367t-578531d284b4f1881ead0d6afaf3c0d638afb0f04a157b7bbf7a7da796e420e43</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2193-5863 ; 0000-0002-7370-7475 ; 0000-0003-4417-3811</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.048$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lindtner, Tom</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uzan, Avihai Yosef</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eder, Michaela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bar-On, Benny</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elbaum, Rivka</creatorcontrib><title>Repetitive hygroscopic snapping movements in awns of wild oats</title><title>Acta biomaterialia</title><description>Wild oat (Avena sterilis) is a very common annual plant species. Successful seed dispersion support its wide distribution in Africa, Asia and Europe. The seed dispersal units are made of two elongated stiff awns that are attached to a pointy compartment containing two seeds. The awns bend and twist with changes in humidity, pushing the seeds along and into the soil. The present work reveals the material structure of the awns, and models their functionality as two-link robotic arms. Based on nano-to-micro structure analyses the bending and twisting hygroscopic movements are explained. The coordinated movements of two sister awns attached to one dispersal unit were followed. Our work shows that sister awns intersect typically twice every wetting-drying cycle. Once the awns cross each other, epidermal silica hairs are suggested to lock subsequent movements, resulting in stress accumulation. Sudden release of the interlocked awns induces jumps of the dispersal unit and changes in its movement direction. Our findings propose a new role to epidermis silica hairs and a new facet of wild oat seed dispersion. Reversible jumping mechanism in multiple-awn seed dispersal units may serve as a blueprint for reversibly jumping robotic systems.
The seed dispersal unit of wild oats carries two elongated stiff awns covered by unidirectional silica hairs. The awns bend and twist with changes in humidity, pushing the seed capsule along and into the ground. We studied structures constructing the movement mechanism and modeled the awn as a two-link robotic arm. We show that sister awns, attached to the same seed capsule, intersect twice every drying cycle. Once the awns cross each other, the epidermal silica hairs are suggested to lock any subsequent movements, causing stress accumulation. Sudden release of the interlocked awns may cause the dispersal unit to jump and change its direction. Our findings suggest a new role to silica hairs and a new dispersal mechanism in multiple-awn seed dispersal units.
[Display omitted]</description><subject>Avena sterilis</subject><subject>Awns</subject><subject>Cellulose microfibrils</subject><subject>Dispersal</subject><subject>Dispersion</subject><subject>Drying</subject><subject>Epidermis</subject><subject>Geographical distribution</subject><subject>Hygroscopically active movement</subject><subject>Hygroscopicity</subject><subject>Plant species</subject><subject>Robot arms</subject><subject>Robotic arm</subject><subject>Seed dispersal</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Silica</subject><subject>Silicon dioxide</subject><subject>Wetting</subject><issn>1742-7061</issn><issn>1878-7568</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE9LxDAUxIsouK5-Aw8FL15akyZN0suCLP6DBUH0HNL0ZU1pk9pkV_bb26WePHh6c_jN8GaS5BqjHCPM7tpc6VhbnxeowDkSOaLiJFlgwUXGSyZOJ81pkXHE8HlyEUKLEBG4EItk9QYDRBvtHtLPw3b0QfvB6jQ4NQzWbdPe76EHF0NqXaq-XUi9Sb9t16RexXCZnBnVBbj6vcvk4_Hhff2cbV6fXtb3m0wTxmNWclES3BSC1tRgITCoBjVMGWWIngQRytTIIKpwyWte14Yr3iheMaAFAkqWye2cO4z-awchyt4GDV2nHPhdkEXJcYUrQqoJvfmDtn43uuk7WTDMhBCMHik6U3qqHEYwchhtr8aDxEgeR5WtnEeVx1ElEnIadbKtZhtMZfcWRhm0BaehsSPoKBtv_w_4ASw5gcU</recordid><startdate>202111</startdate><enddate>202111</enddate><creator>Lindtner, Tom</creator><creator>Uzan, Avihai Yosef</creator><creator>Eder, Michaela</creator><creator>Bar-On, Benny</creator><creator>Elbaum, Rivka</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2193-5863</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7370-7475</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4417-3811</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202111</creationdate><title>Repetitive hygroscopic snapping movements in awns of wild oats</title><author>Lindtner, Tom ; Uzan, Avihai Yosef ; Eder, Michaela ; Bar-On, Benny ; Elbaum, Rivka</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c367t-578531d284b4f1881ead0d6afaf3c0d638afb0f04a157b7bbf7a7da796e420e43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Avena sterilis</topic><topic>Awns</topic><topic>Cellulose microfibrils</topic><topic>Dispersal</topic><topic>Dispersion</topic><topic>Drying</topic><topic>Epidermis</topic><topic>Geographical distribution</topic><topic>Hygroscopically active movement</topic><topic>Hygroscopicity</topic><topic>Plant species</topic><topic>Robot arms</topic><topic>Robotic arm</topic><topic>Seed dispersal</topic><topic>Seeds</topic><topic>Silica</topic><topic>Silicon dioxide</topic><topic>Wetting</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lindtner, Tom</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uzan, Avihai Yosef</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eder, Michaela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bar-On, Benny</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elbaum, Rivka</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Acta biomaterialia</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lindtner, Tom</au><au>Uzan, Avihai Yosef</au><au>Eder, Michaela</au><au>Bar-On, Benny</au><au>Elbaum, Rivka</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Repetitive hygroscopic snapping movements in awns of wild oats</atitle><jtitle>Acta biomaterialia</jtitle><date>2021-11</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>135</volume><spage>483</spage><epage>492</epage><pages>483-492</pages><issn>1742-7061</issn><eissn>1878-7568</eissn><abstract>Wild oat (Avena sterilis) is a very common annual plant species. Successful seed dispersion support its wide distribution in Africa, Asia and Europe. The seed dispersal units are made of two elongated stiff awns that are attached to a pointy compartment containing two seeds. The awns bend and twist with changes in humidity, pushing the seeds along and into the soil. The present work reveals the material structure of the awns, and models their functionality as two-link robotic arms. Based on nano-to-micro structure analyses the bending and twisting hygroscopic movements are explained. The coordinated movements of two sister awns attached to one dispersal unit were followed. Our work shows that sister awns intersect typically twice every wetting-drying cycle. Once the awns cross each other, epidermal silica hairs are suggested to lock subsequent movements, resulting in stress accumulation. Sudden release of the interlocked awns induces jumps of the dispersal unit and changes in its movement direction. Our findings propose a new role to epidermis silica hairs and a new facet of wild oat seed dispersion. Reversible jumping mechanism in multiple-awn seed dispersal units may serve as a blueprint for reversibly jumping robotic systems.
The seed dispersal unit of wild oats carries two elongated stiff awns covered by unidirectional silica hairs. The awns bend and twist with changes in humidity, pushing the seed capsule along and into the ground. We studied structures constructing the movement mechanism and modeled the awn as a two-link robotic arm. We show that sister awns, attached to the same seed capsule, intersect twice every drying cycle. Once the awns cross each other, the epidermal silica hairs are suggested to lock any subsequent movements, causing stress accumulation. Sudden release of the interlocked awns may cause the dispersal unit to jump and change its direction. Our findings suggest a new role to silica hairs and a new dispersal mechanism in multiple-awn seed dispersal units.
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subjects | Avena sterilis Awns Cellulose microfibrils Dispersal Dispersion Drying Epidermis Geographical distribution Hygroscopically active movement Hygroscopicity Plant species Robot arms Robotic arm Seed dispersal Seeds Silica Silicon dioxide Wetting |
title | Repetitive hygroscopic snapping movements in awns of wild oats |
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