VvANR silencing promotes expression of VvANS and accumulation of anthocyanin in grape berries
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology was applied to silence VvANR in cv. Zaoheibao grape berries, and the effects of VvANR silencing on berries phenotype; gene expression level of ANS , LAR1 , LAR2 , and UFGT ; enzyme activity of ANS; and accumulations of anthocyanin and flavan-3-ol were i...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Protoplasma 2022-05, Vol.259 (3), p.743-753 |
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| creator | Yang, Bo Wei, Ying Liang, Changmei Guo, Jianyong Niu, Tiequan Zhang, Pengfei Wen, Pengfei |
| description | Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology was applied to silence
VvANR
in cv. Zaoheibao grape berries, and the effects of
VvANR
silencing on berries phenotype; gene expression level of
ANS
,
LAR1
,
LAR2
, and
UFGT
; enzyme activity of ANS; and accumulations of anthocyanin and flavan-3-ol were investigated. At the third day after treatment, the
VvANR
silenced grape berries began to turn red slightly, which was 2 days earlier than that of the control group. And the flavan-3-ol content in
VvANR
-silenced grape berries had been remarkable within 1 to 5 days, the ANR enzyme activity in
VvANR
-silenced grapes extremely significantly decreased in 3 days, and LAR enzyme activity also decreased, but the difference was not striking. The ANS enzyme activity of the transformed berries was significantly higher than that of the control after 3 days of infection, and it was exceedingly significantly higher than that of the control after 5 to 10 days. The content of anthocyanin in transformed berries increased of a very marked difference within 3 to 15 days. pTRV2-
ANR
infection resulted in an extremely significant decrease in the expression of
VvANR
gene, and the expression of
VvLAR1, VvLAR2, VvMYBPA1, VvMYBPA2
, and
VvDFR
were also down-regulated. However, the expression of
VvANS
and
VvUFGT
was up-regulated significantly. After
VvANR
silencing via VIGS,
VvANR
expression in grape berries was extremely significantly decreased, resulting in decreased ANR enzyme activity and flavan-3-ol content; berries turned red and deeper in advance. In addition,
VvANR
silencing can induce up-regulation of
VvANS
and
VvUFGT
expression, significantly increase ANS enzyme activity, and increase of anthocyanin accumulation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00709-021-01698-y |
| format | Article |
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VvANR
in cv. Zaoheibao grape berries, and the effects of
VvANR
silencing on berries phenotype; gene expression level of
ANS
,
LAR1
,
LAR2
, and
UFGT
; enzyme activity of ANS; and accumulations of anthocyanin and flavan-3-ol were investigated. At the third day after treatment, the
VvANR
silenced grape berries began to turn red slightly, which was 2 days earlier than that of the control group. And the flavan-3-ol content in
VvANR
-silenced grape berries had been remarkable within 1 to 5 days, the ANR enzyme activity in
VvANR
-silenced grapes extremely significantly decreased in 3 days, and LAR enzyme activity also decreased, but the difference was not striking. The ANS enzyme activity of the transformed berries was significantly higher than that of the control after 3 days of infection, and it was exceedingly significantly higher than that of the control after 5 to 10 days. The content of anthocyanin in transformed berries increased of a very marked difference within 3 to 15 days. pTRV2-
ANR
infection resulted in an extremely significant decrease in the expression of
VvANR
gene, and the expression of
VvLAR1, VvLAR2, VvMYBPA1, VvMYBPA2
, and
VvDFR
were also down-regulated. However, the expression of
VvANS
and
VvUFGT
was up-regulated significantly. After
VvANR
silencing via VIGS,
VvANR
expression in grape berries was extremely significantly decreased, resulting in decreased ANR enzyme activity and flavan-3-ol content; berries turned red and deeper in advance. In addition,
VvANR
silencing can induce up-regulation of
VvANS
and
VvUFGT
expression, significantly increase ANS enzyme activity, and increase of anthocyanin accumulation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0033-183X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1615-6102</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01698-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34448083</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Vienna: Springer Vienna</publisher><subject>Anthocyanins ; Anthocyanins - metabolism ; Berries ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Cell Biology ; Enzymatic activity ; Enzymes ; Fruit - genetics ; Fruit - metabolism ; Fruits ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene silencing ; Life Sciences ; Original Article ; Phenotypes ; Plant Sciences ; Transcriptional Activation ; Vitaceae ; Vitis - metabolism ; Zoology</subject><ispartof>Protoplasma, 2022-05, Vol.259 (3), p.743-753</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-c74d22852fde417c10a88491e72585aca715a3c010403ab18e1662199dcb95a33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-c74d22852fde417c10a88491e72585aca715a3c010403ab18e1662199dcb95a33</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7955-1283</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00709-021-01698-y$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00709-021-01698-y$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34448083$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yang, Bo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wei, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, Changmei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Jianyong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niu, Tiequan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Pengfei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wen, Pengfei</creatorcontrib><title>VvANR silencing promotes expression of VvANS and accumulation of anthocyanin in grape berries</title><title>Protoplasma</title><addtitle>Protoplasma</addtitle><addtitle>Protoplasma</addtitle><description>Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology was applied to silence
VvANR
in cv. Zaoheibao grape berries, and the effects of
VvANR
silencing on berries phenotype; gene expression level of
ANS
,
LAR1
,
LAR2
, and
UFGT
; enzyme activity of ANS; and accumulations of anthocyanin and flavan-3-ol were investigated. At the third day after treatment, the
VvANR
silenced grape berries began to turn red slightly, which was 2 days earlier than that of the control group. And the flavan-3-ol content in
VvANR
-silenced grape berries had been remarkable within 1 to 5 days, the ANR enzyme activity in
VvANR
-silenced grapes extremely significantly decreased in 3 days, and LAR enzyme activity also decreased, but the difference was not striking. The ANS enzyme activity of the transformed berries was significantly higher than that of the control after 3 days of infection, and it was exceedingly significantly higher than that of the control after 5 to 10 days. The content of anthocyanin in transformed berries increased of a very marked difference within 3 to 15 days. pTRV2-
ANR
infection resulted in an extremely significant decrease in the expression of
VvANR
gene, and the expression of
VvLAR1, VvLAR2, VvMYBPA1, VvMYBPA2
, and
VvDFR
were also down-regulated. However, the expression of
VvANS
and
VvUFGT
was up-regulated significantly. After
VvANR
silencing via VIGS,
VvANR
expression in grape berries was extremely significantly decreased, resulting in decreased ANR enzyme activity and flavan-3-ol content; berries turned red and deeper in advance. In addition,
VvANR
silencing can induce up-regulation of
VvANS
and
VvUFGT
expression, significantly increase ANS enzyme activity, and increase of anthocyanin accumulation.</description><subject>Anthocyanins</subject><subject>Anthocyanins - metabolism</subject><subject>Berries</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cell Biology</subject><subject>Enzymatic activity</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Fruit - genetics</subject><subject>Fruit - metabolism</subject><subject>Fruits</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</subject><subject>Gene silencing</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Phenotypes</subject><subject>Plant Sciences</subject><subject>Transcriptional Activation</subject><subject>Vitaceae</subject><subject>Vitis - metabolism</subject><subject>Zoology</subject><issn>0033-183X</issn><issn>1615-6102</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1rFEEQhhtRzJrkD3iQBi9eJqnqr-k5huAXBAMmES-h6e2pXSfM9KzdM5L993ayqwEPQlF1eJ96q3gZe41wggD1aS4NmgoEVoCmsdX2GVugQV0ZBPGcLQCkrNDK7wfsVc53AKAF6JfsQCqlLFi5YLfffp19-cpz11MMXVzzTRqHcaLM6X6TKOdujHxc8QfsivvYch_CPMy9n_aKj9OPMWx97CIvtU5-Q3xJKXWUj9iLle8zHe_nIbv58P76_FN1cfnx8_nZRRVkracq1KoVwmqxaklhHRC8tapBqoW22gdfo_YyAIIC6ZdoCY0R2DRtWDZFkYfs3c63fP9zpjy5ocuB-t5HGufshDYGpDGNKOjbf9C7cU6xfOeE0eVEA0oVSuyokMacE63cJnWDT1uH4B7Cd7vwXQnfPYbvtmXpzd56Xg7U_l35k3YB5A7IRYprSk-3_2P7GzhBjvM</recordid><startdate>20220501</startdate><enddate>20220501</enddate><creator>Yang, Bo</creator><creator>Wei, Ying</creator><creator>Liang, Changmei</creator><creator>Guo, Jianyong</creator><creator>Niu, Tiequan</creator><creator>Zhang, Pengfei</creator><creator>Wen, Pengfei</creator><general>Springer Vienna</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7955-1283</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220501</creationdate><title>VvANR silencing promotes expression of VvANS and accumulation of anthocyanin in grape berries</title><author>Yang, Bo ; Wei, Ying ; Liang, Changmei ; Guo, Jianyong ; Niu, Tiequan ; Zhang, Pengfei ; Wen, Pengfei</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-c74d22852fde417c10a88491e72585aca715a3c010403ab18e1662199dcb95a33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Anthocyanins</topic><topic>Anthocyanins - metabolism</topic><topic>Berries</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Cell Biology</topic><topic>Enzymatic activity</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Fruit - genetics</topic><topic>Fruit - metabolism</topic><topic>Fruits</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</topic><topic>Gene silencing</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Phenotypes</topic><topic>Plant Sciences</topic><topic>Transcriptional Activation</topic><topic>Vitaceae</topic><topic>Vitis - metabolism</topic><topic>Zoology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yang, Bo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wei, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, Changmei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Jianyong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niu, Tiequan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Pengfei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wen, Pengfei</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Protoplasma</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yang, Bo</au><au>Wei, Ying</au><au>Liang, Changmei</au><au>Guo, Jianyong</au><au>Niu, Tiequan</au><au>Zhang, Pengfei</au><au>Wen, Pengfei</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>VvANR silencing promotes expression of VvANS and accumulation of anthocyanin in grape berries</atitle><jtitle>Protoplasma</jtitle><stitle>Protoplasma</stitle><addtitle>Protoplasma</addtitle><date>2022-05-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>259</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>743</spage><epage>753</epage><pages>743-753</pages><issn>0033-183X</issn><eissn>1615-6102</eissn><abstract>Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology was applied to silence
VvANR
in cv. Zaoheibao grape berries, and the effects of
VvANR
silencing on berries phenotype; gene expression level of
ANS
,
LAR1
,
LAR2
, and
UFGT
; enzyme activity of ANS; and accumulations of anthocyanin and flavan-3-ol were investigated. At the third day after treatment, the
VvANR
silenced grape berries began to turn red slightly, which was 2 days earlier than that of the control group. And the flavan-3-ol content in
VvANR
-silenced grape berries had been remarkable within 1 to 5 days, the ANR enzyme activity in
VvANR
-silenced grapes extremely significantly decreased in 3 days, and LAR enzyme activity also decreased, but the difference was not striking. The ANS enzyme activity of the transformed berries was significantly higher than that of the control after 3 days of infection, and it was exceedingly significantly higher than that of the control after 5 to 10 days. The content of anthocyanin in transformed berries increased of a very marked difference within 3 to 15 days. pTRV2-
ANR
infection resulted in an extremely significant decrease in the expression of
VvANR
gene, and the expression of
VvLAR1, VvLAR2, VvMYBPA1, VvMYBPA2
, and
VvDFR
were also down-regulated. However, the expression of
VvANS
and
VvUFGT
was up-regulated significantly. After
VvANR
silencing via VIGS,
VvANR
expression in grape berries was extremely significantly decreased, resulting in decreased ANR enzyme activity and flavan-3-ol content; berries turned red and deeper in advance. In addition,
VvANR
silencing can induce up-regulation of
VvANS
and
VvUFGT
expression, significantly increase ANS enzyme activity, and increase of anthocyanin accumulation.</abstract><cop>Vienna</cop><pub>Springer Vienna</pub><pmid>34448083</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00709-021-01698-y</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7955-1283</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Protoplasma, 2022-05, Vol.259 (3), p.743-753 |
| issn | 0033-183X 1615-6102 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals |
| subjects | Anthocyanins Anthocyanins - metabolism Berries Biomedical and Life Sciences Cell Biology Enzymatic activity Enzymes Fruit - genetics Fruit - metabolism Fruits Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Gene silencing Life Sciences Original Article Phenotypes Plant Sciences Transcriptional Activation Vitaceae Vitis - metabolism Zoology |
| title | VvANR silencing promotes expression of VvANS and accumulation of anthocyanin in grape berries |
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