Adaptation of the Corticomuscular and Biomechanical Systems of Pianists

Abstract Independent control of movements between the fingers plays a role in hand dexterity characterizing skilled individuals. However, it remains unknown whether and in what manner neuromuscular and biomechanical constraints on the movement independence of the fingers depend on motor expertise. H...

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Veröffentlicht in:Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991) N.Y. 1991), 2022-02, Vol.32 (4), p.709-724
Hauptverfasser: Kimoto, Yudai, Hirano, Masato, Furuya, Shinichi
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container_title Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991)
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creator Kimoto, Yudai
Hirano, Masato
Furuya, Shinichi
description Abstract Independent control of movements between the fingers plays a role in hand dexterity characterizing skilled individuals. However, it remains unknown whether and in what manner neuromuscular and biomechanical constraints on the movement independence of the fingers depend on motor expertise. Here, we compared motor dexterity, corticospinal excitability of multiple muscles, muscular activation, and anatomical features of the fingers between the pianists and nonpianists. When the ring finger was passively moved by a robot, passive motions produced at the adjacent fingers were smaller for the pianists than the nonpianists, indicating reduced biomechanical constraint of fingers in the pianists. In contrast, when the ring finger moved actively, we found no group difference in passive motions produced at the adjacent fingers; however, reduced inhibition of corticospinal excitability of the adjacent fingers in the pianists compared with the nonpianists. This suggests strengthened neuromuscular coupling between the fingers of the pianists, enhancing the production of coordinated finger movements. These group differences were not evident during the index and little finger movements. Together, pianists show expertise-dependent biomechanical and neurophysiological adaptations, specifically at the finger with innately low movement independence. Such contrasting adaptations of pianists may subserve dexterous control of both the individuated and coordinated finger movements.
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source MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection
subjects Biomechanical Phenomena
Fingers - physiology
Humans
Motor Skills - physiology
Movement - physiology
Music
Range of Motion, Articular
title Adaptation of the Corticomuscular and Biomechanical Systems of Pianists
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