Adaptation of the Corticomuscular and Biomechanical Systems of Pianists
Abstract Independent control of movements between the fingers plays a role in hand dexterity characterizing skilled individuals. However, it remains unknown whether and in what manner neuromuscular and biomechanical constraints on the movement independence of the fingers depend on motor expertise. H...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991) N.Y. 1991), 2022-02, Vol.32 (4), p.709-724 |
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container_title | Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991) |
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creator | Kimoto, Yudai Hirano, Masato Furuya, Shinichi |
description | Abstract
Independent control of movements between the fingers plays a role in hand dexterity characterizing skilled individuals. However, it remains unknown whether and in what manner neuromuscular and biomechanical constraints on the movement independence of the fingers depend on motor expertise. Here, we compared motor dexterity, corticospinal excitability of multiple muscles, muscular activation, and anatomical features of the fingers between the pianists and nonpianists. When the ring finger was passively moved by a robot, passive motions produced at the adjacent fingers were smaller for the pianists than the nonpianists, indicating reduced biomechanical constraint of fingers in the pianists. In contrast, when the ring finger moved actively, we found no group difference in passive motions produced at the adjacent fingers; however, reduced inhibition of corticospinal excitability of the adjacent fingers in the pianists compared with the nonpianists. This suggests strengthened neuromuscular coupling between the fingers of the pianists, enhancing the production of coordinated finger movements. These group differences were not evident during the index and little finger movements. Together, pianists show expertise-dependent biomechanical and neurophysiological adaptations, specifically at the finger with innately low movement independence. Such contrasting adaptations of pianists may subserve dexterous control of both the individuated and coordinated finger movements. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1093/cercor/bhab229 |
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Independent control of movements between the fingers plays a role in hand dexterity characterizing skilled individuals. However, it remains unknown whether and in what manner neuromuscular and biomechanical constraints on the movement independence of the fingers depend on motor expertise. Here, we compared motor dexterity, corticospinal excitability of multiple muscles, muscular activation, and anatomical features of the fingers between the pianists and nonpianists. When the ring finger was passively moved by a robot, passive motions produced at the adjacent fingers were smaller for the pianists than the nonpianists, indicating reduced biomechanical constraint of fingers in the pianists. In contrast, when the ring finger moved actively, we found no group difference in passive motions produced at the adjacent fingers; however, reduced inhibition of corticospinal excitability of the adjacent fingers in the pianists compared with the nonpianists. This suggests strengthened neuromuscular coupling between the fingers of the pianists, enhancing the production of coordinated finger movements. These group differences were not evident during the index and little finger movements. Together, pianists show expertise-dependent biomechanical and neurophysiological adaptations, specifically at the finger with innately low movement independence. Such contrasting adaptations of pianists may subserve dexterous control of both the individuated and coordinated finger movements.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1047-3211</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1460-2199</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab229</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34426838</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Biomechanical Phenomena ; Fingers - physiology ; Humans ; Motor Skills - physiology ; Movement - physiology ; Music ; Range of Motion, Articular</subject><ispartof>Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991), 2022-02, Vol.32 (4), p.709-724</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c284t-9ece393c5c163ccc5c8b223cdc6e368c62455f7f5b8daf647ead143643dbc7853</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1387-6645</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1584,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34426838$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kimoto, Yudai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hirano, Masato</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Furuya, Shinichi</creatorcontrib><title>Adaptation of the Corticomuscular and Biomechanical Systems of Pianists</title><title>Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991)</title><addtitle>Cereb Cortex</addtitle><description>Abstract
Independent control of movements between the fingers plays a role in hand dexterity characterizing skilled individuals. However, it remains unknown whether and in what manner neuromuscular and biomechanical constraints on the movement independence of the fingers depend on motor expertise. Here, we compared motor dexterity, corticospinal excitability of multiple muscles, muscular activation, and anatomical features of the fingers between the pianists and nonpianists. When the ring finger was passively moved by a robot, passive motions produced at the adjacent fingers were smaller for the pianists than the nonpianists, indicating reduced biomechanical constraint of fingers in the pianists. In contrast, when the ring finger moved actively, we found no group difference in passive motions produced at the adjacent fingers; however, reduced inhibition of corticospinal excitability of the adjacent fingers in the pianists compared with the nonpianists. This suggests strengthened neuromuscular coupling between the fingers of the pianists, enhancing the production of coordinated finger movements. These group differences were not evident during the index and little finger movements. Together, pianists show expertise-dependent biomechanical and neurophysiological adaptations, specifically at the finger with innately low movement independence. Such contrasting adaptations of pianists may subserve dexterous control of both the individuated and coordinated finger movements.</description><subject>Biomechanical Phenomena</subject><subject>Fingers - physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Motor Skills - physiology</subject><subject>Movement - physiology</subject><subject>Music</subject><subject>Range of Motion, Articular</subject><issn>1047-3211</issn><issn>1460-2199</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkD1PwzAQhi0EoqWwMqKMMKSNP5OMpeJLqgQSMFvOxVGNkjjYztB_j6sUVqY7nZ731elB6BpnS5yVdAXagXWraqcqQsoTNMdMZCnBZXka94zlKSUYz9CF919ZhnPCyTmaUcaIKGgxR0_rWg1BBWP7xDZJ2OlkY10wYLvRw9gql6i-Tu6N7TTsVG9Atcn73gfd-UPgzcSbD_4SnTWq9frqOBfo8_HhY_Ocbl-fXjbrbQqkYCEtNWhaUuCABQWIs4h_U6hBaCoKEIRx3uQNr4paNYLlWtWYUcFoXUFecLpAt1Pv4Oz3qH2QnfGg21b12o5eEi4YpoJyEdHlhIKz3jvdyMGZTrm9xJk8yJOTPHmUFwM3x-6x6nT9h__aisDdBNhx-K_sB_T_e7U</recordid><startdate>20220208</startdate><enddate>20220208</enddate><creator>Kimoto, Yudai</creator><creator>Hirano, Masato</creator><creator>Furuya, Shinichi</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1387-6645</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220208</creationdate><title>Adaptation of the Corticomuscular and Biomechanical Systems of Pianists</title><author>Kimoto, Yudai ; Hirano, Masato ; Furuya, Shinichi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c284t-9ece393c5c163ccc5c8b223cdc6e368c62455f7f5b8daf647ead143643dbc7853</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Biomechanical Phenomena</topic><topic>Fingers - physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Motor Skills - physiology</topic><topic>Movement - physiology</topic><topic>Music</topic><topic>Range of Motion, Articular</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kimoto, Yudai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hirano, Masato</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Furuya, Shinichi</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kimoto, Yudai</au><au>Hirano, Masato</au><au>Furuya, Shinichi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Adaptation of the Corticomuscular and Biomechanical Systems of Pianists</atitle><jtitle>Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991)</jtitle><addtitle>Cereb Cortex</addtitle><date>2022-02-08</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>32</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>709</spage><epage>724</epage><pages>709-724</pages><issn>1047-3211</issn><eissn>1460-2199</eissn><abstract>Abstract
Independent control of movements between the fingers plays a role in hand dexterity characterizing skilled individuals. However, it remains unknown whether and in what manner neuromuscular and biomechanical constraints on the movement independence of the fingers depend on motor expertise. Here, we compared motor dexterity, corticospinal excitability of multiple muscles, muscular activation, and anatomical features of the fingers between the pianists and nonpianists. When the ring finger was passively moved by a robot, passive motions produced at the adjacent fingers were smaller for the pianists than the nonpianists, indicating reduced biomechanical constraint of fingers in the pianists. In contrast, when the ring finger moved actively, we found no group difference in passive motions produced at the adjacent fingers; however, reduced inhibition of corticospinal excitability of the adjacent fingers in the pianists compared with the nonpianists. This suggests strengthened neuromuscular coupling between the fingers of the pianists, enhancing the production of coordinated finger movements. These group differences were not evident during the index and little finger movements. Together, pianists show expertise-dependent biomechanical and neurophysiological adaptations, specifically at the finger with innately low movement independence. Such contrasting adaptations of pianists may subserve dexterous control of both the individuated and coordinated finger movements.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>34426838</pmid><doi>10.1093/cercor/bhab229</doi><tpages>16</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1387-6645</orcidid></addata></record> |
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source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
subjects | Biomechanical Phenomena Fingers - physiology Humans Motor Skills - physiology Movement - physiology Music Range of Motion, Articular |
title | Adaptation of the Corticomuscular and Biomechanical Systems of Pianists |
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