Effect of butyrate, a bacterial by‐product, on the viability and ICAM‐1 expression/production of human vascular endothelial cells: Role in infectious pulpal/periapical diseases

Aim To investigate the effects of butyric acid (BA), a metabolic product generated by pulp and root canal pathogens, on the viability and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) production of endothelial cells, which are crucial to angiogenesis and pulpal/periapical wound healing. Methodology End...

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