The dynamic impact of financial, technological, and natural resources on sustainable development in Belt and Road countries
This study attempts to determine the untapped factors that affect sustainable development in 64 Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries from 2006 to 2019. The study employed the two-step system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) validated through Two-stage Least Square (2SLS). The findings of syst...
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description | This study attempts to determine the untapped factors that affect sustainable development in 64 Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries from 2006 to 2019. The study employed the two-step system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) validated through Two-stage Least Square (2SLS). The findings of system-GMM revealed a significant dynamic nature of the relationship between sustainable development and its determinants. Findings demonstrate that financial development, financial inclusion, energy efficiency ratio, per capita health expenditure, per capita income growth, governance, and integration of before and after BRI dummy show a significant positive impact by contributing to BRI countries’ sustainable development path. However, e-government, natural resource rent, macroeconomic conditions, and government size have a significant but negative effect by hurting sustainable development. Integration of BRI further enhances and promotes a country and regional sustainable development path. Therefore, better regional policies for financial development, financial inclusion for poverty alleviation, and e-government development are required, boosting per-capita income and sustainable development in the coming years. The study concludes that BRI country’s natural resources rent contributes to national saving but declines the natural resources. Also, it endorses the theory that a nation should adopt the “Hartwick rule” to reinvest rents from the depletion of the natural resources in reproducible capital forms to shift from a weak sustainable path. This study also proposes significant policy implications for balanced and sustainable growth in light of the current research findings. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-021-15900-4 |
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The study employed the two-step system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) validated through Two-stage Least Square (2SLS). The findings of system-GMM revealed a significant dynamic nature of the relationship between sustainable development and its determinants. Findings demonstrate that financial development, financial inclusion, energy efficiency ratio, per capita health expenditure, per capita income growth, governance, and integration of before and after BRI dummy show a significant positive impact by contributing to BRI countries’ sustainable development path. However, e-government, natural resource rent, macroeconomic conditions, and government size have a significant but negative effect by hurting sustainable development. Integration of BRI further enhances and promotes a country and regional sustainable development path. Therefore, better regional policies for financial development, financial inclusion for poverty alleviation, and e-government development are required, boosting per-capita income and sustainable development in the coming years. The study concludes that BRI country’s natural resources rent contributes to national saving but declines the natural resources. Also, it endorses the theory that a nation should adopt the “Hartwick rule” to reinvest rents from the depletion of the natural resources in reproducible capital forms to shift from a weak sustainable path. This study also proposes significant policy implications for balanced and sustainable growth in light of the current research findings.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15900-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34414539</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Aquatic Pollution ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; capital ; Depletion ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Economic Development ; Ecotoxicology ; Electronic government ; Energy efficiency ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental science ; Financial inclusion ; Generalized method of moments ; governance ; health care costs ; Income ; Integration ; issues and policy ; macroeconomics ; Method of moments ; Natural Resources ; per-capita income ; Poverty ; Regional development ; Regional planning ; Research Article ; Sustainability ; Sustainable Development ; Technology ; Waste Water Technology ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2022, Vol.29 (3), p.4616-4631</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>2021. 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The study employed the two-step system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) validated through Two-stage Least Square (2SLS). The findings of system-GMM revealed a significant dynamic nature of the relationship between sustainable development and its determinants. Findings demonstrate that financial development, financial inclusion, energy efficiency ratio, per capita health expenditure, per capita income growth, governance, and integration of before and after BRI dummy show a significant positive impact by contributing to BRI countries’ sustainable development path. However, e-government, natural resource rent, macroeconomic conditions, and government size have a significant but negative effect by hurting sustainable development. Integration of BRI further enhances and promotes a country and regional sustainable development path. Therefore, better regional policies for financial development, financial inclusion for poverty alleviation, and e-government development are required, boosting per-capita income and sustainable development in the coming years. The study concludes that BRI country’s natural resources rent contributes to national saving but declines the natural resources. Also, it endorses the theory that a nation should adopt the “Hartwick rule” to reinvest rents from the depletion of the natural resources in reproducible capital forms to shift from a weak sustainable path. 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science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2022</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>4616</spage><epage>4631</epage><pages>4616-4631</pages><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>This study attempts to determine the untapped factors that affect sustainable development in 64 Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries from 2006 to 2019. The study employed the two-step system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) validated through Two-stage Least Square (2SLS). The findings of system-GMM revealed a significant dynamic nature of the relationship between sustainable development and its determinants. Findings demonstrate that financial development, financial inclusion, energy efficiency ratio, per capita health expenditure, per capita income growth, governance, and integration of before and after BRI dummy show a significant positive impact by contributing to BRI countries’ sustainable development path. However, e-government, natural resource rent, macroeconomic conditions, and government size have a significant but negative effect by hurting sustainable development. Integration of BRI further enhances and promotes a country and regional sustainable development path. Therefore, better regional policies for financial development, financial inclusion for poverty alleviation, and e-government development are required, boosting per-capita income and sustainable development in the coming years. The study concludes that BRI country’s natural resources rent contributes to national saving but declines the natural resources. Also, it endorses the theory that a nation should adopt the “Hartwick rule” to reinvest rents from the depletion of the natural resources in reproducible capital forms to shift from a weak sustainable path. 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subjects | Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution capital Depletion Earth and Environmental Science Economic Development Ecotoxicology Electronic government Energy efficiency Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Financial inclusion Generalized method of moments governance health care costs Income Integration issues and policy macroeconomics Method of moments Natural Resources per-capita income Poverty Regional development Regional planning Research Article Sustainability Sustainable Development Technology Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control |
title | The dynamic impact of financial, technological, and natural resources on sustainable development in Belt and Road countries |
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