Virulence Factors and Azole-Resistant Mechanism of Candida Tropicalis Isolated from Candidemia
Background Limited knowledge exists on the virulence factors of Candida tropicalis and the mechanisms of azole resistance that lead to an intensified pathogenicity and treatment failure. We aimed to evaluate the virulence factors and molecular mechanisms of azole resistance among C. tropicalis isola...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Mycopathologia (1975) 2021-12, Vol.186 (6), p.847-856 |
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| creator | Sasani, Elahe Yadegari, Mohammad Hossein Khodavaisy, Sadegh Rezaie, Sassan Salehi, Mohammadreza Getso, Muhammad Ibrahim |
| description | Background
Limited knowledge exists on the virulence factors of
Candida tropicalis
and the mechanisms of azole resistance that lead to an intensified pathogenicity and treatment failure. We aimed to evaluate the virulence factors and molecular mechanisms of azole resistance among C.
tropicalis
isolated from patients with candidemia.
Materials and Methods
Several virulence factors, including extracellular enzymatic activities, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), and biofilm formation, were evaluated. Antifungal susceptibility pattern and expression level of
ERG11
,
UPC2
,
MDR1
, and
CDR1
genes of eight (4 fluconazole resistance and 4 fluconazole susceptible) clinical
C. tropicalis
isolates were assessed. The correlation between the virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility patterns was analyzed.
Results
During a 4 year study, forty-five
C. tropicalis
isolates were recovered from candidemia patients. The isolates expressed different frequencies of virulence determinants as follows: coagulase 4 (8.9%), phospholipase 5 (11.1%), proteinase 31 (68.9%), esterase 43 (95.6%), hemolysin 44 (97.8%), biofilm formation 45 (100%) and CSH 45(100%). All the isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B and showed the highest resistance to voriconazole. There was a significant positive correlation between micafungin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and hemolysin production (
r
s
= 0.316). However, we found a negative correlation between fluconazole MICs and esterase production (
r
s
= −0.383). We observed the high expression of
ERG11
and
UPC2
genes in fluconazole-resistant
C. tropicalis
isolates.
Conclusion
C. tropicalis
isolated from candidemia patients extensively displayed capacities for biofilm formation, hemolysis, esterase activity, and hydrophobicity. In addition, the overexpression of
ERG11
and
UPC2
genes was considered one of the possible mechanisms of azole resistance. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11046-021-00580-y |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2562830901</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A683141471</galeid><sourcerecordid>A683141471</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c497t-9f6ab9ac03daba072ec432d293d8d1d83b091334b9a75c06296d71c0b65e9f783</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp90UFrFDEYBuAgCq7VP-Ap4EUPqV-SmUnmuCxWF1qEWsWTIZtk1pSZZE0y0PXXm-0WdEUkh0B43o98vAi9pHBOAcTbTCk0HQFGCUArgewfoQVtBScgOXuMFsCBkkZ2X5-iZznfAtQYFQv07YtP8-iCcfhCmxJTxjpYvPwZR0euXfa56FDwlTPfdfB5wnHAqyq81fgmxZ03evQZr3McdXEWDylOD8BNXj9HTwY9Zvfi4T5Dny_e3aw-kMuP79er5SUxTS8K6YdOb3ptgFu90SCYMw1nlvXcSkut5BvoKedNNaI10LG-s4Ia2HSt6wch-Rl6fZy7S_HH7HJRk8_GjaMOLs5ZsbZjkkMPtNJXf9HbOKdQf1dVLyWXnP6htnp0yochlqTNYahadlU0tBEHdf4PVc9heRODG3x9Pwm8OQlUU9xd2eo5Z7X-dH1q2dGaFHNOblC75Ced9oqCOrSujq2r2rq6b13ta4gfQ7nisHXp93b_Sf0CWi2tJg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2598838311</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Virulence Factors and Azole-Resistant Mechanism of Candida Tropicalis Isolated from Candidemia</title><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Sasani, Elahe ; Yadegari, Mohammad Hossein ; Khodavaisy, Sadegh ; Rezaie, Sassan ; Salehi, Mohammadreza ; Getso, Muhammad Ibrahim</creator><creatorcontrib>Sasani, Elahe ; Yadegari, Mohammad Hossein ; Khodavaisy, Sadegh ; Rezaie, Sassan ; Salehi, Mohammadreza ; Getso, Muhammad Ibrahim</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Limited knowledge exists on the virulence factors of
Candida tropicalis
and the mechanisms of azole resistance that lead to an intensified pathogenicity and treatment failure. We aimed to evaluate the virulence factors and molecular mechanisms of azole resistance among C.
tropicalis
isolated from patients with candidemia.
Materials and Methods
Several virulence factors, including extracellular enzymatic activities, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), and biofilm formation, were evaluated. Antifungal susceptibility pattern and expression level of
ERG11
,
UPC2
,
MDR1
, and
CDR1
genes of eight (4 fluconazole resistance and 4 fluconazole susceptible) clinical
C. tropicalis
isolates were assessed. The correlation between the virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility patterns was analyzed.
Results
During a 4 year study, forty-five
C. tropicalis
isolates were recovered from candidemia patients. The isolates expressed different frequencies of virulence determinants as follows: coagulase 4 (8.9%), phospholipase 5 (11.1%), proteinase 31 (68.9%), esterase 43 (95.6%), hemolysin 44 (97.8%), biofilm formation 45 (100%) and CSH 45(100%). All the isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B and showed the highest resistance to voriconazole. There was a significant positive correlation between micafungin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and hemolysin production (
r
s
= 0.316). However, we found a negative correlation between fluconazole MICs and esterase production (
r
s
= −0.383). We observed the high expression of
ERG11
and
UPC2
genes in fluconazole-resistant
C. tropicalis
isolates.
Conclusion
C. tropicalis
isolated from candidemia patients extensively displayed capacities for biofilm formation, hemolysis, esterase activity, and hydrophobicity. In addition, the overexpression of
ERG11
and
UPC2
genes was considered one of the possible mechanisms of azole resistance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0301-486X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-0832</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11046-021-00580-y</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Amphotericin B ; Antifungal agents ; Biofilms ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Candidemia ; Cell surface ; Coagulase ; Complementarity-determining region 1 ; Enzymatic activity ; Enzymes ; Esterase ; Eukaryotic Microbiology ; Fluconazole ; Hydrophobicity ; Life Sciences ; MDR1 protein ; Medical Microbiology ; Micafungin ; Microbial Ecology ; Microbiology ; Molecular modelling ; Original Article ; Pathogenicity ; Patients ; Phospholipases ; Plant Sciences ; Proteinase ; Virulence factors ; Voriconazole</subject><ispartof>Mycopathologia (1975), 2021-12, Vol.186 (6), p.847-856</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2021</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Springer</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c497t-9f6ab9ac03daba072ec432d293d8d1d83b091334b9a75c06296d71c0b65e9f783</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c497t-9f6ab9ac03daba072ec432d293d8d1d83b091334b9a75c06296d71c0b65e9f783</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11046-021-00580-y$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11046-021-00580-y$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41467,42536,51298</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sasani, Elahe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yadegari, Mohammad Hossein</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khodavaisy, Sadegh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rezaie, Sassan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salehi, Mohammadreza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Getso, Muhammad Ibrahim</creatorcontrib><title>Virulence Factors and Azole-Resistant Mechanism of Candida Tropicalis Isolated from Candidemia</title><title>Mycopathologia (1975)</title><addtitle>Mycopathologia</addtitle><description>Background
Limited knowledge exists on the virulence factors of
Candida tropicalis
and the mechanisms of azole resistance that lead to an intensified pathogenicity and treatment failure. We aimed to evaluate the virulence factors and molecular mechanisms of azole resistance among C.
tropicalis
isolated from patients with candidemia.
Materials and Methods
Several virulence factors, including extracellular enzymatic activities, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), and biofilm formation, were evaluated. Antifungal susceptibility pattern and expression level of
ERG11
,
UPC2
,
MDR1
, and
CDR1
genes of eight (4 fluconazole resistance and 4 fluconazole susceptible) clinical
C. tropicalis
isolates were assessed. The correlation between the virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility patterns was analyzed.
Results
During a 4 year study, forty-five
C. tropicalis
isolates were recovered from candidemia patients. The isolates expressed different frequencies of virulence determinants as follows: coagulase 4 (8.9%), phospholipase 5 (11.1%), proteinase 31 (68.9%), esterase 43 (95.6%), hemolysin 44 (97.8%), biofilm formation 45 (100%) and CSH 45(100%). All the isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B and showed the highest resistance to voriconazole. There was a significant positive correlation between micafungin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and hemolysin production (
r
s
= 0.316). However, we found a negative correlation between fluconazole MICs and esterase production (
r
s
= −0.383). We observed the high expression of
ERG11
and
UPC2
genes in fluconazole-resistant
C. tropicalis
isolates.
Conclusion
C. tropicalis
isolated from candidemia patients extensively displayed capacities for biofilm formation, hemolysis, esterase activity, and hydrophobicity. In addition, the overexpression of
ERG11
and
UPC2
genes was considered one of the possible mechanisms of azole resistance.</description><subject>Amphotericin B</subject><subject>Antifungal agents</subject><subject>Biofilms</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Candidemia</subject><subject>Cell surface</subject><subject>Coagulase</subject><subject>Complementarity-determining region 1</subject><subject>Enzymatic activity</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Esterase</subject><subject>Eukaryotic Microbiology</subject><subject>Fluconazole</subject><subject>Hydrophobicity</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>MDR1 protein</subject><subject>Medical Microbiology</subject><subject>Micafungin</subject><subject>Microbial Ecology</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Molecular modelling</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Pathogenicity</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Phospholipases</subject><subject>Plant Sciences</subject><subject>Proteinase</subject><subject>Virulence factors</subject><subject>Voriconazole</subject><issn>0301-486X</issn><issn>1573-0832</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp90UFrFDEYBuAgCq7VP-Ap4EUPqV-SmUnmuCxWF1qEWsWTIZtk1pSZZE0y0PXXm-0WdEUkh0B43o98vAi9pHBOAcTbTCk0HQFGCUArgewfoQVtBScgOXuMFsCBkkZ2X5-iZznfAtQYFQv07YtP8-iCcfhCmxJTxjpYvPwZR0euXfa56FDwlTPfdfB5wnHAqyq81fgmxZ03evQZr3McdXEWDylOD8BNXj9HTwY9Zvfi4T5Dny_e3aw-kMuP79er5SUxTS8K6YdOb3ptgFu90SCYMw1nlvXcSkut5BvoKedNNaI10LG-s4Ia2HSt6wch-Rl6fZy7S_HH7HJRk8_GjaMOLs5ZsbZjkkMPtNJXf9HbOKdQf1dVLyWXnP6htnp0yochlqTNYahadlU0tBEHdf4PVc9heRODG3x9Pwm8OQlUU9xd2eo5Z7X-dH1q2dGaFHNOblC75Ced9oqCOrSujq2r2rq6b13ta4gfQ7nisHXp93b_Sf0CWi2tJg</recordid><startdate>20211201</startdate><enddate>20211201</enddate><creator>Sasani, Elahe</creator><creator>Yadegari, Mohammad Hossein</creator><creator>Khodavaisy, Sadegh</creator><creator>Rezaie, Sassan</creator><creator>Salehi, Mohammadreza</creator><creator>Getso, Muhammad Ibrahim</creator><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20211201</creationdate><title>Virulence Factors and Azole-Resistant Mechanism of Candida Tropicalis Isolated from Candidemia</title><author>Sasani, Elahe ; Yadegari, Mohammad Hossein ; Khodavaisy, Sadegh ; Rezaie, Sassan ; Salehi, Mohammadreza ; Getso, Muhammad Ibrahim</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c497t-9f6ab9ac03daba072ec432d293d8d1d83b091334b9a75c06296d71c0b65e9f783</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Amphotericin B</topic><topic>Antifungal agents</topic><topic>Biofilms</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Candidemia</topic><topic>Cell surface</topic><topic>Coagulase</topic><topic>Complementarity-determining region 1</topic><topic>Enzymatic activity</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Esterase</topic><topic>Eukaryotic Microbiology</topic><topic>Fluconazole</topic><topic>Hydrophobicity</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>MDR1 protein</topic><topic>Medical Microbiology</topic><topic>Micafungin</topic><topic>Microbial Ecology</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Molecular modelling</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Pathogenicity</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Phospholipases</topic><topic>Plant Sciences</topic><topic>Proteinase</topic><topic>Virulence factors</topic><topic>Voriconazole</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sasani, Elahe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yadegari, Mohammad Hossein</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khodavaisy, Sadegh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rezaie, Sassan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salehi, Mohammadreza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Getso, Muhammad Ibrahim</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Mycopathologia (1975)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sasani, Elahe</au><au>Yadegari, Mohammad Hossein</au><au>Khodavaisy, Sadegh</au><au>Rezaie, Sassan</au><au>Salehi, Mohammadreza</au><au>Getso, Muhammad Ibrahim</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Virulence Factors and Azole-Resistant Mechanism of Candida Tropicalis Isolated from Candidemia</atitle><jtitle>Mycopathologia (1975)</jtitle><stitle>Mycopathologia</stitle><date>2021-12-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>186</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>847</spage><epage>856</epage><pages>847-856</pages><issn>0301-486X</issn><eissn>1573-0832</eissn><abstract>Background
Limited knowledge exists on the virulence factors of
Candida tropicalis
and the mechanisms of azole resistance that lead to an intensified pathogenicity and treatment failure. We aimed to evaluate the virulence factors and molecular mechanisms of azole resistance among C.
tropicalis
isolated from patients with candidemia.
Materials and Methods
Several virulence factors, including extracellular enzymatic activities, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), and biofilm formation, were evaluated. Antifungal susceptibility pattern and expression level of
ERG11
,
UPC2
,
MDR1
, and
CDR1
genes of eight (4 fluconazole resistance and 4 fluconazole susceptible) clinical
C. tropicalis
isolates were assessed. The correlation between the virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility patterns was analyzed.
Results
During a 4 year study, forty-five
C. tropicalis
isolates were recovered from candidemia patients. The isolates expressed different frequencies of virulence determinants as follows: coagulase 4 (8.9%), phospholipase 5 (11.1%), proteinase 31 (68.9%), esterase 43 (95.6%), hemolysin 44 (97.8%), biofilm formation 45 (100%) and CSH 45(100%). All the isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B and showed the highest resistance to voriconazole. There was a significant positive correlation between micafungin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and hemolysin production (
r
s
= 0.316). However, we found a negative correlation between fluconazole MICs and esterase production (
r
s
= −0.383). We observed the high expression of
ERG11
and
UPC2
genes in fluconazole-resistant
C. tropicalis
isolates.
Conclusion
C. tropicalis
isolated from candidemia patients extensively displayed capacities for biofilm formation, hemolysis, esterase activity, and hydrophobicity. In addition, the overexpression of
ERG11
and
UPC2
genes was considered one of the possible mechanisms of azole resistance.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><doi>10.1007/s11046-021-00580-y</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Mycopathologia (1975), 2021-12, Vol.186 (6), p.847-856 |
| issn | 0301-486X 1573-0832 |
| language | eng |
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| source | SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Amphotericin B Antifungal agents Biofilms Biomedical and Life Sciences Candidemia Cell surface Coagulase Complementarity-determining region 1 Enzymatic activity Enzymes Esterase Eukaryotic Microbiology Fluconazole Hydrophobicity Life Sciences MDR1 protein Medical Microbiology Micafungin Microbial Ecology Microbiology Molecular modelling Original Article Pathogenicity Patients Phospholipases Plant Sciences Proteinase Virulence factors Voriconazole |
| title | Virulence Factors and Azole-Resistant Mechanism of Candida Tropicalis Isolated from Candidemia |
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