The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Epilepsy
Honoured as the second genome in humans, the gut microbiota is involved in a constellation of physiological and pathological processes, including those related to the central nervous system. The communication between the gut microbiota and the brain is realized by a complex bidirectional connection,...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cellular and molecular neurobiology 2022-03, Vol.42 (2), p.439-453 |
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| creator | Yue, Qiang Cai, Mingfei Xiao, Bo Zhan, Qiong Zeng, Chang |
| description | Honoured as the second genome in humans, the gut microbiota is involved in a constellation of physiological and pathological processes, including those related to the central nervous system. The communication between the gut microbiota and the brain is realized by a complex bidirectional connection, known as the "microbiota-gut-brain axis", via neuroendocrine, immunological, and direct neural mechanisms. Recent studies indicate that gut dysfunction/dysbiosis is presumably involved in the pathogenesis of and susceptibility to epilepsy. In addition, the reconstruction of the intestinal microbiome through, for example, faecal microbiota transplantation, probiotic intervention, and a ketogenic diet, has exhibited beneficial effects on drug-resistant epilepsy. The purposes of this review are to provide a brief overview of the microbiota–gut–brain axis and to synthesize what is known about the involvement of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of epilepsy, to bring new insight into the pathophysiology of epilepsy and to present a preliminary discussion of novel therapeutic options for epilepsy based on the gut microbiota. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10571-021-01130-2 |
| format | Article |
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The communication between the gut microbiota and the brain is realized by a complex bidirectional connection, known as the "microbiota-gut-brain axis", via neuroendocrine, immunological, and direct neural mechanisms. Recent studies indicate that gut dysfunction/dysbiosis is presumably involved in the pathogenesis of and susceptibility to epilepsy. In addition, the reconstruction of the intestinal microbiome through, for example, faecal microbiota transplantation, probiotic intervention, and a ketogenic diet, has exhibited beneficial effects on drug-resistant epilepsy. The purposes of this review are to provide a brief overview of the microbiota–gut–brain axis and to synthesize what is known about the involvement of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of epilepsy, to bring new insight into the pathophysiology of epilepsy and to present a preliminary discussion of novel therapeutic options for epilepsy based on the gut microbiota.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0272-4340</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-6830</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01130-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34279746</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Brain - pathology ; Brain-Gut Axis ; Cell Biology ; Central nervous system ; Diet, Ketogenic ; Digestive system ; Drug resistance ; Dysbacteriosis ; Dysbiosis ; Epilepsy ; Epilepsy - pathology ; Epilepsy - therapy ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Genomes ; High fat diet ; Humans ; Intestinal microflora ; Ketogenesis ; Low carbohydrate diet ; Microbiomes ; Microbiota ; Neurobiology ; Neurosciences ; Pathogenesis ; Probiotics ; Review Paper ; Transplantation</subject><ispartof>Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 2022-03, Vol.42 (2), p.439-453</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>2021. 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| subjects | Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Brain - pathology Brain-Gut Axis Cell Biology Central nervous system Diet, Ketogenic Digestive system Drug resistance Dysbacteriosis Dysbiosis Epilepsy Epilepsy - pathology Epilepsy - therapy Gastrointestinal Microbiome Gastrointestinal tract Genomes High fat diet Humans Intestinal microflora Ketogenesis Low carbohydrate diet Microbiomes Microbiota Neurobiology Neurosciences Pathogenesis Probiotics Review Paper Transplantation |
| title | The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Epilepsy |
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